The document provides an overview of the Cold War between the United States and Soviet Union from its origins after World War 2 through the collapse of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s. It discusses the ideological tensions between capitalism and communism that fueled the conflict and summarizes key events including the Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, Berlin Airlift, NATO alliance, arms race, space race, Cuban Missile Crisis, Vietnam War, and fall of communist governments in Eastern Europe.

1. Right now Get your arguments organized Get ready to verbally make those arguments You will have 2 minutes to make your opening statement Next group makes opening statement 1 minute each for rebuttal

2. The Cold War

8. Causes of the Cold War 1) Capitalism vs. Communism US & Great Britain don’t like or trust communist ideas such as the rejection of private property & religion. Soviets wanted to destroy capitalism & overthrow democratic governments in Europe. USSR afraid US would attack them (they had before) & that they would rebuild Germany & Germany would attack USSR again .

9. The Cold War in Europe As WWII was ending, the Soviet army occupied all of Eastern Europe (except Yugoslavia) Poland, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, & Albania became Soviet satellite countries The Iron Curtain

10. IRON CURTAIN

11. Soviet Threat in Europe; America Responds Fear of a Communist takeover of all of Europe led to The Truman Doctrine The Truman Doctrine: Encourage countries to resist Soviet Influence Containment: Do not allow communism to spread or expand to any more countries in the world.

12. Truman Doctrine in full effect 1) $400 million in aid to Greece & Turkey 2) The Marshall Plan : $12 billion in aid to help western European countries rebuild after the war

14. Germany After the war, the Allies divided up Germany into 4 zones Berlin

15. Berlin Airlift Berlin (capital of Germany, largest city) was in the Soviet Zone & the city itself was divided

16. Berlin Airlift Stalin blockaded West Berlin, trying to make the entire city part of East Germany. Truman ordered supplies to be airlifted to West Berlin. Stalin ended blockade, W. Berlin remained part of W. Germany.

17. Operation Vittles

18. Berlin Wall Many people in East Berlin were very poor and ruled by a dictator, so they fled to West Berlin The Soviet Government was embarrassed by this, so they built a wall around West Berlin.

20. Cold War Alliances NATO: USA UK France Portugal W. Germany Italy Greece Turkey Norway Warsaw Pact USSR Poland Czechoslovakia Hungary E. Germany Romania Bulgaria Albania

21. United Nations League of Nations…the Sequel Created in 1945 Settle arguments between countries Humanitarian Aid (UNICEF, etc.)

22. 1949… a scary year Soviets successfully test atomic bomb Chinese Communists led by Mao Zedong take over. China becomes a communist country US feels very threatened by International Communism

23. Superpowers The US & the Soviet Union are now the two most powerful countries on earth and they both have nuclear weapons They are the two superpowers

24. Communism in Asia Korea Was a Japanese colony for decades Kim Il Sung very popular communist leader/resistance fighter After Japanese surrender, USA & USSR divide Korea at 38 th parallel. North Korea = communist South Korea = capitalist

26. The Korean War June, 1950: North Korean troops cross 38 th parallel, invade the South South Korean Army defeated quickly UN sends military force to help South Korea at Truman’s request 16 countries involved, 80% of troops from USA Gen. Douglas MacArthur in command

28. The War North Korean forces almost win right away. MacArthur leads daring landing at Incheon North Korea retreats, MacArthur pursues Chinese enter the war, beat back Americans Armistice ends fighting in 1953 Still technically at war, but no shooting Demilitarized Zone between two countries N. Korea still communist, S. Korea still capitalist

30. Another Red Scare Spies! 1953; The Rosenbergs arrested and eventually hanged for passing nuclear secrets to the Soviet Union Alger Hiss State Department official discovered spying for the Soviet Union

31. McCarthyism

32. Senator Joe McCarthy Claimed to have a list of 205 known communists working for the government Never showed anyone the list For 4 years, McCarthy went around the country “hunting communists” Businesses questioned employees & fired anyone they suspected of being a communist “ Blacklists” in Hollywood and elsewhere

33. Censure McCarthy held televised hearings. He looked like a bully The Senate censured him, he died of liver failure 3 years later You have done enough. Have you no sense of decency sir, at long last? Have you left no sense of decency?

34. Cold War Conflict Chart Draw this chart in your notes Superpower Actions Issue or Conflict Region or Country

35. Africa & Asia Issue: After WWII many colonies began demanding and fighting for their independence

36. Superpower Actions US grants independence to the Philippines In Africa the US and Soviet Union gave $ & weapons to opposing sides in many civil wars (Angola, Somalia, Ethiopia) Pakistan became an ally of the US, India stayed neutral, but took $ & weapons from the US & USSR

37. Cuba Issue: In 1959 Fidel Castro led a successful communist revolution in Cuba

38. Superpower Actions (part 1) The Bay of Pigs Invasion : The Soviet Union gave Cuba a lot of $ and support. President Kennedy & the CIA trained a group of Cuban exiles to invade Cuba & overthrow their government. The invasion was a total failure and embarrassed the US.

39. Superpower Actions (part 2) The Cuban Missile Crisis: USSR begins building missile bases in Cuba. Nukes threatened the US. JFK warned that he would stop any Soviet boat carrying missiles to Cuba. The USSR backed off. The closest the world has ever come to total nuclear war

40. “ The Button”

42. Other Parts of Latin America Issue: Many parts of Latin America were desperately poor. They thought becoming communist countries might help stop their suffering

43. Superpower Actions US provides aid to many Latin American countries: Alliance for Progress, Peace Corps US intervenes militarily to overthrow suspected communist leaders in Honduras, Guatemala, Dominican Republic, Panama, Chile, Grenada, El Salvador

44. Arms Race By the 1950’s The US & USSR both had enough nuclear weapons to destroy each other several times over 1957 USSR launches 1 st ever satellite: Sputnik . “ Space Race” begins, NASA is created Both countries develop rocket technology

45. Kennedy Assassination On November 22, 1963 President John F. Kennedy was shot and killed in Dallas, Texas. The man found guilty of his murder was Lee Harvey Oswald Oswald was assassinated by Jack Ruby Lyndon Johnson (LBJ) became President

49. Vietnam Vietnam was a French colony Vietnamese communists led by Ho Chi Minh (Uncle Ho) defeated the French in 1954 International Peace Conference divided Vietnam into 2 countries North Vietnam (Communist) {USSR} South Vietnam (Capitalist) {USA}

50. Things go South in the South South Vietnam led by corrupt leader (Diem) Communist Guerrillas (Viet Cong/Viet Minh) begin fighting in South Vietnam USA worried that Vietnam would become a communist country Domino Theory: when one country “falls” to communism, countries near it will fall to communism as well.

53. US Involvement During the 1950’s & 1960’s, both Presidents Eisenhower & Kennedy sent “military advisors” to Vietnam 1964: Gulf of Tonkin Incident leads to US escalation in Vietnam. By 1968 there were over 50,000 American soldiers in Vietnam

54. Insurgent War American troops were fighting a difficult, insurgent war in the jungle They couldn’t tell friend from foe. Draft was instituted 1 st TV war led to decreasing popularity of draft & war at home Tet Offensive 1968 = turning point for the Viet Cong & North Vietnam

56. Protests at home Massive demonstrations and protests against the Vietnam war took place “ Hippies” and college students staged protests and burned their draft cards

58. The End of the War Protests led to fighting between pro & anti war demonstrators Anti-war demonstrators killed by national guard at their college in Kent State, Ohio Longest, most unpopular war in US history US forces left Vietnam in 1975 Vietnam is now a communist country

61. The End of the Cold War Beginning with the Nixon administration, the US pursued less hostile relations with the USSR ( Détente) The policy of détente led to agreements SALT I & SALT II: S trategic A rms L imitation T alks

62. End of the Cold War Building more and more weapons to keep up with the USA crippled the Soviet economy It collapsed in 1991 despite attempts by Gorbachev to make structural changes By 1992, the Berlin wall had fallen, Eastern European became independent (satellites no more!) USA! USA! USA! USA! ...

64. Communism ends in Russia The Soviet Union breaks up