The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and Soviet Union from 1945-1990. It arose due to their opposing political and economic ideologies of democracy/capitalism and communism/socialism. Tensions increased due to distrust between the two superpowers, their differing post-WWII goals, and Stalin breaking promises at Yalta regarding free elections in Eastern Europe. This led to an arms race and proxy wars as the US and USSR battled for global influence through policies like containment and the Truman Doctrine. Major events of the Cold War included the Berlin Blockade, McCarthyism, the Space Race, and the Cuban Missile Crisis.
The document provides an overview of key events and concepts related to the Cold War between the United States and Soviet Union from 1945-1990. It discusses the origins of the Cold War in the aftermath of World War II and the ideological clash between capitalism/democracy and communism. Major events covered include the Berlin Blockade, McCarthyism, the arms race including development of nuclear weapons, and conflicts such as the Korean War and Vietnam War. Key Cold War concepts explained include containment policy, domino theory, détente, and arms limitation treaties.
This document provides an overview of the origins and key events of the Cold War. It discusses how tensions grew between the US and USSR after WWII as their political ideologies diverged into capitalism and communism. This ideological rivalry led to an arms race and global power struggle known as the Cold War, where the two superpowers did not directly fight but sought to influence other nations. The document outlines causes like ideology, economics, and power rivalry, and summarizes major developments such as the Iron Curtain dividing Europe and tensions emerging domestically in Canada.
This document provides an overview of the Cold War between the US and USSR from 1945-1990. It discusses the ideological differences that caused tensions, key events and conflicts like the Korean and Vietnam Wars, and nuclear weapons treaties that were attempted to reduce tensions. Major figures and their policies on both sides are examined, like Stalin, Truman, Khrushchev, and Reagan. The document also outlines the formation of military alliances like NATO and the Warsaw Pact, and goals of both superpowers during the post-WWII era.
The document provides an overview of the Cold War between the United States and Soviet Union from 1945 to 1991. It discusses how communism spread after World War 2 and the tensions that arose. Key events of the Cold War included the Berlin Blockade, NATO and Warsaw Pact alliances, the Korean War, Cuban Missile Crisis, Vietnam War, and arms race between the two superpowers. The Soviet Union's economy struggled to keep up militarily and politically with the US, leading to its fall in the late 1980s.
The Cold War Notes - Thomas VandersticheleTom Weston
The Cold War developed as tensions grew between capitalist Western nations led by the US and communist Eastern nations led by the Soviet Union following World War 2. Major events and crises in the early Cold War included the Berlin Blockade, the formation of NATO and the Warsaw Pact, and the Cuban Missile Crisis. Attempts at détente saw some arms control agreements but also saw continued conflicts in areas like Hungary and Czechoslovakia. Growing economic troubles in the Soviet Union led Gorbachev to introduce reforms like perestroika and glasnost, weakening Soviet control over Eastern Europe and ultimately leading to the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
WWII Review, Origins of the Cold War and Containment Policyguest461f41d
The document provides an overview of the Cold War period from 1945-1965. It summarizes that after WWII, the alliance between the US, Britain, and France on one side and the Soviet Union on the other quickly gave way to suspicion as their interests diverged. This led to the Cold War, characterized by ideological clashes between capitalism/democracy and communism/totalitarianism, and geopolitical tensions as the US sought to contain Soviet expansionism in Europe. Key events that deepened the Cold War included the Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, Berlin Airlift, and formation of NATO and the Warsaw Pact military alliances.
The origins of the Cold War began in 1945 due to differences in ideology between the Soviet Union and Western allies like the US and UK. The Soviets established communist control over Eastern Europe, while the West allied under NATO. Germany was divided, and tensions increased as both sides sought to prevent the other from gaining more global influence through espionage, the arms race, and competing economic systems. This division was symbolized by the Berlin Wall, erected in 1961 to stop East Berliners from fleeing to the West. Reforms under Gorbachev in the 1980s weakened Soviet control until the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, leading to German reunification and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, ending the Cold War.
The document outlines the major events and time periods of the Cold War from 1945-1992. It was a war of ideologies between democracy led by the United States and its allies, and communism led by the Soviet Union. Key events included the establishment of NATO in 1949, the Korean War from 1950-1953, the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962, Soviet domination of Eastern Europe after WWII, and the fall of communism in Eastern Europe and dissolution of the Soviet Union from 1989-1991.
The document provides an overview of key events and concepts related to the Cold War between the United States and Soviet Union from 1945-1990. It discusses the origins of the Cold War in the aftermath of World War II and the ideological clash between capitalism/democracy and communism. Major events covered include the Berlin Blockade, McCarthyism, the arms race including development of nuclear weapons, and conflicts such as the Korean War and Vietnam War. Key Cold War concepts explained include containment policy, domino theory, détente, and arms limitation treaties.
This document provides an overview of the origins and key events of the Cold War. It discusses how tensions grew between the US and USSR after WWII as their political ideologies diverged into capitalism and communism. This ideological rivalry led to an arms race and global power struggle known as the Cold War, where the two superpowers did not directly fight but sought to influence other nations. The document outlines causes like ideology, economics, and power rivalry, and summarizes major developments such as the Iron Curtain dividing Europe and tensions emerging domestically in Canada.
This document provides an overview of the Cold War between the US and USSR from 1945-1990. It discusses the ideological differences that caused tensions, key events and conflicts like the Korean and Vietnam Wars, and nuclear weapons treaties that were attempted to reduce tensions. Major figures and their policies on both sides are examined, like Stalin, Truman, Khrushchev, and Reagan. The document also outlines the formation of military alliances like NATO and the Warsaw Pact, and goals of both superpowers during the post-WWII era.
The document provides an overview of the Cold War between the United States and Soviet Union from 1945 to 1991. It discusses how communism spread after World War 2 and the tensions that arose. Key events of the Cold War included the Berlin Blockade, NATO and Warsaw Pact alliances, the Korean War, Cuban Missile Crisis, Vietnam War, and arms race between the two superpowers. The Soviet Union's economy struggled to keep up militarily and politically with the US, leading to its fall in the late 1980s.
The Cold War Notes - Thomas VandersticheleTom Weston
The Cold War developed as tensions grew between capitalist Western nations led by the US and communist Eastern nations led by the Soviet Union following World War 2. Major events and crises in the early Cold War included the Berlin Blockade, the formation of NATO and the Warsaw Pact, and the Cuban Missile Crisis. Attempts at détente saw some arms control agreements but also saw continued conflicts in areas like Hungary and Czechoslovakia. Growing economic troubles in the Soviet Union led Gorbachev to introduce reforms like perestroika and glasnost, weakening Soviet control over Eastern Europe and ultimately leading to the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
WWII Review, Origins of the Cold War and Containment Policyguest461f41d
The document provides an overview of the Cold War period from 1945-1965. It summarizes that after WWII, the alliance between the US, Britain, and France on one side and the Soviet Union on the other quickly gave way to suspicion as their interests diverged. This led to the Cold War, characterized by ideological clashes between capitalism/democracy and communism/totalitarianism, and geopolitical tensions as the US sought to contain Soviet expansionism in Europe. Key events that deepened the Cold War included the Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, Berlin Airlift, and formation of NATO and the Warsaw Pact military alliances.
The origins of the Cold War began in 1945 due to differences in ideology between the Soviet Union and Western allies like the US and UK. The Soviets established communist control over Eastern Europe, while the West allied under NATO. Germany was divided, and tensions increased as both sides sought to prevent the other from gaining more global influence through espionage, the arms race, and competing economic systems. This division was symbolized by the Berlin Wall, erected in 1961 to stop East Berliners from fleeing to the West. Reforms under Gorbachev in the 1980s weakened Soviet control until the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, leading to German reunification and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, ending the Cold War.
The document outlines the major events and time periods of the Cold War from 1945-1992. It was a war of ideologies between democracy led by the United States and its allies, and communism led by the Soviet Union. Key events included the establishment of NATO in 1949, the Korean War from 1950-1953, the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962, Soviet domination of Eastern Europe after WWII, and the fall of communism in Eastern Europe and dissolution of the Soviet Union from 1989-1991.
The Cold War lasted from 1945 to 1991 as tensions grew between capitalist Western nations led by the US and communist Eastern nations led by the Soviet Union. Key events that heightened tensions included the Soviet blockade of Berlin, the rise of communism in China, the Korean War, McCarthyism in the US, and the space race including Sputnik and the moon landing. The Cold War began to thaw in the 1970s with diplomacy between the US and China and arms control agreements between the US and Soviet Union, but tensions remained high throughout the four decades of the ideological battle between East and West.
Edexcel, GCSE History: The Cold War 1945-91 Amy Davidson
These flash cards are specially made for those studying History A: The Making of the Modern World, Unit 1: Peace and War 1900-91, Sections 4- 6, Exam board: Edexcel. Or for anyone who wants a quick overview of the cold war.
Good luck, I hope they treat you well and bring you a great grade :) !
The document provides information about the origins and impact of the Cold War. It discusses how after WWII, tensions grew between the Western allies (US, UK, France) and the Soviet Union over the political and economic systems in Eastern Europe. This led to the division of Europe and Germany into capitalist and communist spheres of influence separated by the Iron Curtain. Over time, the US and USSR built up opposing military alliances (NATO and Warsaw Pact) and stockpiles of nuclear weapons in a tense standoff known as the Cold War, which impacted global politics until the Soviet Union's collapse in 1991.
Germany surrendered in 1945 and was divided and occupied by the Allies. The Potsdam Conference established this division and began de-Nazification efforts. Europe was largely bankrupt after the war while the US and USSR emerged as new superpowers. The Soviets wanted to rebuild the German economy to their benefit while the Americans prioritized self-determination, leading to the origins of the Cold War between them. Japan also surrendered in 1945 after atomic bombs were dropped and was remade under US occupation with a new constitution and demilitarization. These postwar changes established the foundations for the ensuing global Cold War conflict between capitalist and communist ideologies.
The Cold War began at the end of World War II due to rising tensions and distrust between the United States and the Soviet Union. This was exacerbated by disagreements at the Potsdam Conference in 1945. The Cold War was characterized by an ideological battle between capitalism and communism, an arms race, and numerous proxy wars between the two superpowers over the next several decades until the fall of the Soviet Union in the late 1980s.
The document discusses the origins and key events of the Cold War between the United States and Soviet Union following World War 2. It describes the formation of institutions and policies aimed at containing the spread of communism, such as the Marshall Plan to rebuild Europe, the Truman Doctrine pledging support to countries resisting communism, and the establishment of NATO as a military alliance against the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact. The summary also mentions the outbreak of the Korean War in 1950, China becoming communist under Mao Zedong in 1949, and the policies of massive retaliation and rollback pursued under President Eisenhower to contain further Soviet expansion.
The Cold War was a period of tension between the Western Bloc led by the United States and the Eastern Bloc led by the Soviet Union from 1945-1975. Key events included the division of Europe and Germany after WWII, the formation of opposing military alliances like NATO and the Warsaw Pact, and conflicts in countries like Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Korea, Egypt, Cuba, and Vietnam as the two superpowers backed opposing sides. Though direct military conflict was avoided, tensions regularly flared during events like the Berlin Blockade, Cuban Missile Crisis, and Arab-Israeli conflicts, bringing the world close to nuclear war on multiple occasions before a period of détente in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
The document provides an overview of key events and developments in Canada during the Cold War period of the 1940s-1950s. It discusses Newfoundland joining confederation, economic booms driven by resource development and foreign investment. It also covers social trends like the baby boom and suburbanization. Regarding the Cold War, it outlines Canada's alliance with the US and involvement in NATO, as well as tensions like the Soviet spy scandal, Korean War, and cancellation of the Avro Arrow jet program. It provides context on global events like the Suez Crisis and arms race between the US and USSR.
The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and Soviet Union from 1945-1990. It was defined by an ideological struggle between capitalism and democracy on one side, and communism and authoritarian rule on the other. Tensions arose due to mutual distrust between the two superpowers, their different political systems, and the desire to spread their influence across Europe and globally in the aftermath of World War 2. The Cold War ended in the late 1980s as reforms in the Soviet Union under Gorbachev weakened the communist bloc and ultimately led to the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
The document summarizes key events of the Cold War between 1945-1975, including:
1) The formation of the UN and Security Council following WWII with 5 permanent members having veto power.
2) Tensions between the US and USSR including building armed forces, propaganda campaigns, and supporting each other's enemies.
3) The Berlin Blockade and Airlift, culminating in the Berlin Wall being built in 1961.
4) The Korean War of 1950-1953 ending in a stalemate between North and South Korea.
5) The Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 bringing the world close to nuclear war.
6) The Vietnam War from 1963-1975 eventually leading to a communist
The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and Soviet Union from 1947 to 1991. It involved periods of rivalry, conflicts through proxy wars, and efforts at diplomacy. Key events included the division of Germany and Berlin after WWII, the Korean War, Vietnam War, Cuban Missile Crisis, and decolonization movements supported by both superpowers to weaken European colonial powers. While never directly fighting each other, the US and USSR engaged in an arms race, ideological battles, and conflicts by backing opposing sides in regional wars throughout the world.
The Cold War was an ideological struggle between capitalist democracy led by the US and communist authoritarianism led by the USSR from 1945 to 1991. Each sought global influence through alliances, aid, and propaganda, dividing the world into two hostile camps without direct military conflict. Nationalism and imperialism differed from traditional forms, focusing on loyalty to ideologies and using influence rather than colonies. Both superpowers spread their spheres of influence while fearing encirclement and revolution from the other.
The document outlines the various phases of the Cold War between the US and Soviet Union from 1946 to 1987. It discusses key events and developments in each phase, including the formation of opposing military alliances like NATO and the Warsaw Pact. The Cold War had far-reaching implications, fueling an arms race, dividing the world into two camps, and hindering the effectiveness of the UN. While tensions eased at times, the ideological rivalry between the two superpowers persisted until the late 1980s.
The document summarizes the origins and key events of the Cold War between the USA and USSR from 1945-1949. It provides context on the ideological differences between capitalism and communism. It also outlines four perspectives from historians on what caused the rivalry, including disagreement over whether the USA or USSR was primarily responsible. Key events that exacerbated tensions included the Soviet expansion in Eastern Europe, the Truman Doctrine, development of nuclear weapons, and division of Germany and Korea along ideological lines.
The document provides a timeline of key events during the Cold War period from 1945-1989. Some notable events included the Yalta and Potsdam conferences in 1945 that divided postwar Germany and Berlin between the USSR and Western allies. The Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan were responses to the spread of communism in Eastern Europe. The Berlin Blockade and airlift marked increased tensions. NATO and the Warsaw Pact were formed as opposing military alliances. An arms race developed between the USSR and US, including space achievements like Sputnik. Uprisings in Hungary and Czechoslovakia were crushed by Soviet forces.
The Cold War had major impacts on national security and domestic policies in the US. The National Security Act of 1947 created new institutions like the Department of Defense and CIA to centralize defense efforts. NSC-68 called for expanding military power to counter communism globally. McCarthyism led to accusations of communist infiltration causing political turmoil. Military spending increased dramatically, fueling economic growth but also public fear. Eisenhower later warned of the influence of the new "military-industrial complex".
Cold War: The war that changed the table of international relationsarokiya17
The Cold War was a state of political and military tension between the United States and Soviet Union from 1945 to 1991. This tension was characterized by an ideological battle between capitalism and communism without direct armed conflict. The world was divided into two competing blocs aligned with either the US or Soviet Union. Some key events that defined the Cold War included the Berlin Blockade, formation of NATO, Korean War, Cuban Missile Crisis, and collapse of the Soviet Union in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
The Cold War was a period of intense rivalry between the US and Soviet Union that began after World War 2 and lasted over 40 years. Neither side engaged in direct military conflict due to nuclear weapons. The US established institutions and alliances like NATO to contain the spread of communism in Europe, while the Soviets set up communist governments in Eastern Europe behind an "Iron Curtain." This resulted in an arms race as both stockpiled nuclear weapons and a series of crises over places like Berlin.
This document provides an introduction to a lesson on the Cold War. It outlines that students will learn about how the Cold War affected both the world and the United States specifically by exploring various sources and completing individual and group assignments. It establishes the main players in the Cold War as the United States and Soviet Union and that each feared the other. Students are divided into teams representing either the US or USSR and will take on roles within a simulation.
The Cold War lasted from 1945 to 1991 as tensions grew between capitalist Western nations led by the US and communist Eastern nations led by the Soviet Union. Key events that heightened tensions included the Soviet blockade of Berlin, the rise of communism in China, the Korean War, McCarthyism in the US, and the space race including Sputnik and the moon landing. The Cold War began to thaw in the 1970s with diplomacy between the US and China and arms control agreements between the US and Soviet Union, but tensions remained high throughout the four decades of the ideological battle between East and West.
Edexcel, GCSE History: The Cold War 1945-91 Amy Davidson
These flash cards are specially made for those studying History A: The Making of the Modern World, Unit 1: Peace and War 1900-91, Sections 4- 6, Exam board: Edexcel. Or for anyone who wants a quick overview of the cold war.
Good luck, I hope they treat you well and bring you a great grade :) !
The document provides information about the origins and impact of the Cold War. It discusses how after WWII, tensions grew between the Western allies (US, UK, France) and the Soviet Union over the political and economic systems in Eastern Europe. This led to the division of Europe and Germany into capitalist and communist spheres of influence separated by the Iron Curtain. Over time, the US and USSR built up opposing military alliances (NATO and Warsaw Pact) and stockpiles of nuclear weapons in a tense standoff known as the Cold War, which impacted global politics until the Soviet Union's collapse in 1991.
Germany surrendered in 1945 and was divided and occupied by the Allies. The Potsdam Conference established this division and began de-Nazification efforts. Europe was largely bankrupt after the war while the US and USSR emerged as new superpowers. The Soviets wanted to rebuild the German economy to their benefit while the Americans prioritized self-determination, leading to the origins of the Cold War between them. Japan also surrendered in 1945 after atomic bombs were dropped and was remade under US occupation with a new constitution and demilitarization. These postwar changes established the foundations for the ensuing global Cold War conflict between capitalist and communist ideologies.
The Cold War began at the end of World War II due to rising tensions and distrust between the United States and the Soviet Union. This was exacerbated by disagreements at the Potsdam Conference in 1945. The Cold War was characterized by an ideological battle between capitalism and communism, an arms race, and numerous proxy wars between the two superpowers over the next several decades until the fall of the Soviet Union in the late 1980s.
The document discusses the origins and key events of the Cold War between the United States and Soviet Union following World War 2. It describes the formation of institutions and policies aimed at containing the spread of communism, such as the Marshall Plan to rebuild Europe, the Truman Doctrine pledging support to countries resisting communism, and the establishment of NATO as a military alliance against the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact. The summary also mentions the outbreak of the Korean War in 1950, China becoming communist under Mao Zedong in 1949, and the policies of massive retaliation and rollback pursued under President Eisenhower to contain further Soviet expansion.
The Cold War was a period of tension between the Western Bloc led by the United States and the Eastern Bloc led by the Soviet Union from 1945-1975. Key events included the division of Europe and Germany after WWII, the formation of opposing military alliances like NATO and the Warsaw Pact, and conflicts in countries like Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Korea, Egypt, Cuba, and Vietnam as the two superpowers backed opposing sides. Though direct military conflict was avoided, tensions regularly flared during events like the Berlin Blockade, Cuban Missile Crisis, and Arab-Israeli conflicts, bringing the world close to nuclear war on multiple occasions before a period of détente in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
The document provides an overview of key events and developments in Canada during the Cold War period of the 1940s-1950s. It discusses Newfoundland joining confederation, economic booms driven by resource development and foreign investment. It also covers social trends like the baby boom and suburbanization. Regarding the Cold War, it outlines Canada's alliance with the US and involvement in NATO, as well as tensions like the Soviet spy scandal, Korean War, and cancellation of the Avro Arrow jet program. It provides context on global events like the Suez Crisis and arms race between the US and USSR.
The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and Soviet Union from 1945-1990. It was defined by an ideological struggle between capitalism and democracy on one side, and communism and authoritarian rule on the other. Tensions arose due to mutual distrust between the two superpowers, their different political systems, and the desire to spread their influence across Europe and globally in the aftermath of World War 2. The Cold War ended in the late 1980s as reforms in the Soviet Union under Gorbachev weakened the communist bloc and ultimately led to the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
The document summarizes key events of the Cold War between 1945-1975, including:
1) The formation of the UN and Security Council following WWII with 5 permanent members having veto power.
2) Tensions between the US and USSR including building armed forces, propaganda campaigns, and supporting each other's enemies.
3) The Berlin Blockade and Airlift, culminating in the Berlin Wall being built in 1961.
4) The Korean War of 1950-1953 ending in a stalemate between North and South Korea.
5) The Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 bringing the world close to nuclear war.
6) The Vietnam War from 1963-1975 eventually leading to a communist
The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and Soviet Union from 1947 to 1991. It involved periods of rivalry, conflicts through proxy wars, and efforts at diplomacy. Key events included the division of Germany and Berlin after WWII, the Korean War, Vietnam War, Cuban Missile Crisis, and decolonization movements supported by both superpowers to weaken European colonial powers. While never directly fighting each other, the US and USSR engaged in an arms race, ideological battles, and conflicts by backing opposing sides in regional wars throughout the world.
The Cold War was an ideological struggle between capitalist democracy led by the US and communist authoritarianism led by the USSR from 1945 to 1991. Each sought global influence through alliances, aid, and propaganda, dividing the world into two hostile camps without direct military conflict. Nationalism and imperialism differed from traditional forms, focusing on loyalty to ideologies and using influence rather than colonies. Both superpowers spread their spheres of influence while fearing encirclement and revolution from the other.
The document outlines the various phases of the Cold War between the US and Soviet Union from 1946 to 1987. It discusses key events and developments in each phase, including the formation of opposing military alliances like NATO and the Warsaw Pact. The Cold War had far-reaching implications, fueling an arms race, dividing the world into two camps, and hindering the effectiveness of the UN. While tensions eased at times, the ideological rivalry between the two superpowers persisted until the late 1980s.
The document summarizes the origins and key events of the Cold War between the USA and USSR from 1945-1949. It provides context on the ideological differences between capitalism and communism. It also outlines four perspectives from historians on what caused the rivalry, including disagreement over whether the USA or USSR was primarily responsible. Key events that exacerbated tensions included the Soviet expansion in Eastern Europe, the Truman Doctrine, development of nuclear weapons, and division of Germany and Korea along ideological lines.
The document provides a timeline of key events during the Cold War period from 1945-1989. Some notable events included the Yalta and Potsdam conferences in 1945 that divided postwar Germany and Berlin between the USSR and Western allies. The Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan were responses to the spread of communism in Eastern Europe. The Berlin Blockade and airlift marked increased tensions. NATO and the Warsaw Pact were formed as opposing military alliances. An arms race developed between the USSR and US, including space achievements like Sputnik. Uprisings in Hungary and Czechoslovakia were crushed by Soviet forces.
The Cold War had major impacts on national security and domestic policies in the US. The National Security Act of 1947 created new institutions like the Department of Defense and CIA to centralize defense efforts. NSC-68 called for expanding military power to counter communism globally. McCarthyism led to accusations of communist infiltration causing political turmoil. Military spending increased dramatically, fueling economic growth but also public fear. Eisenhower later warned of the influence of the new "military-industrial complex".
Cold War: The war that changed the table of international relationsarokiya17
The Cold War was a state of political and military tension between the United States and Soviet Union from 1945 to 1991. This tension was characterized by an ideological battle between capitalism and communism without direct armed conflict. The world was divided into two competing blocs aligned with either the US or Soviet Union. Some key events that defined the Cold War included the Berlin Blockade, formation of NATO, Korean War, Cuban Missile Crisis, and collapse of the Soviet Union in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
The Cold War was a period of intense rivalry between the US and Soviet Union that began after World War 2 and lasted over 40 years. Neither side engaged in direct military conflict due to nuclear weapons. The US established institutions and alliances like NATO to contain the spread of communism in Europe, while the Soviets set up communist governments in Eastern Europe behind an "Iron Curtain." This resulted in an arms race as both stockpiled nuclear weapons and a series of crises over places like Berlin.
This document provides an introduction to a lesson on the Cold War. It outlines that students will learn about how the Cold War affected both the world and the United States specifically by exploring various sources and completing individual and group assignments. It establishes the main players in the Cold War as the United States and Soviet Union and that each feared the other. Students are divided into teams representing either the US or USSR and will take on roles within a simulation.
The Cold War began as tensions grew between the United States and Soviet Union following World War II. The Soviets took control of Eastern Europe and established communist governments, while the US sought to contain the spread of communism through policies like the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan. This division escalated an arms race and space race between the two superpowers, heightened by crises like the Korean War and Soviet launch of Sputnik. By the 1960s, the Berlin Wall symbolized the growing divide between communist East and capitalist West.
The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and Soviet Union from 1945-1990. It arose due to ideological and geopolitical differences between capitalist democracy and communist totalitarianism. Key events that deepened tensions included Stalin breaking promises at Yalta, the Truman Doctrine providing aid to stop the spread of communism, the Marshall Plan rebuilding Western Europe, and the formation of opposing military alliances NATO and the Warsaw Pact. Throughout the 1950s both sides engaged in nuclear weapons development and espionage while also pursuing policies of containment and deterrence.
The Cold War began in 1945 after World War II and lasted until 1991. It was a period of intense rivalry and hostility between the United States and the Soviet Union, who emerged as the two dominant superpowers after WWII. Both nations increased military spending and built up nuclear arsenals, risking global destruction through nuclear war. The conflict included numerous proxy wars around the world and heightened tensions, such as the Cuban Missile Crisis that brought the world close to nuclear war. In the late 1980s, reforms in the Soviet Union under Gorbachev led to the fall of the Berlin Wall and the eventual dissolution of the Soviet Union, bringing an end to the over 40-year long Cold War.
The document discusses key issues around power and world order in the 21st century. It examines the changing nature of power from military to economic power. It explores theories of hegemony and debates if the US is a hegemonic power or in decline. It also analyzes if the world is becoming multipolar with the rise of countries like China and India, and how this may impact global politics. Key models of world order discussed include unipolarity, multipolarity, and Robert Cooper's model of pre-modern, modern and post-modern states.
Europe has experienced significant changes since the end of the Cold War in 1991. As communism fell in Eastern Europe, former Soviet states transitioned to democratic governments and capitalist economies. Germany reunified in 1990. The European Union has expanded from its origins in the 1950s as the European Economic Community to today's 27 member states that share a common currency, the Euro. NATO also expanded after the Cold War to include former Eastern bloc countries. However, Europe also experienced conflict as Yugoslavia broke apart in the 1990s, resulting in war and genocide in Bosnia. More recently, debt issues have plagued several European Union countries.
32. Western Society and Eastern Europe during the Cold Waralbano
1) After WWII, Europe was divided between the Western-aligned countries and the Soviet-controlled Eastern bloc countries. The Cold War began as tensions rose between the US and Soviet Union.
2) Western Europe recovered economically thanks to programs like the Marshall Plan and formed organizations like the European Economic Community and NATO.
3) The Soviet Union expanded its control over Eastern Europe and imposed communist governments, meeting resistance from some countries. It also grew as a superpower but faced economic stagnation over time.
This document discusses the origins and development of detente during the Cold War between the US and USSR. It outlines the phases of the Cold War from 1946-1976. Detente emerged during the third phase from 1953-1957 as tensions grew but the two superpowers also engaged in some negotiations. The fourth phase from 1957-1962 saw some peaceful exchanges but also the Cuban Missile Crisis. The fifth phase led to a nuclear test ban treaty in 1963 but disputes remained. The sixth phase created a more suitable climate for detente, culminating in arms limitation treaties in 1972-1973 as cooperation increased between the US and USSR.
Fall of the Soviet Union and end of the Cold War HeatherP
Mikhail Gorbachev implemented reforms in the Soviet Union in the 1980s to reduce government control of business and increase freedoms for citizens in an attempt to stabilize the failing economy, which had been overspending on suppressing revolts, defending its borders, and competing militarily with the US. These reforms unintentionally sparked political changes across Eastern Europe as countries gained more independence. In 1989, the fall of the Berlin Wall symbolized the collapse of communist control and the reunification of Germany, and by 1991 the Soviet Union dissolved entirely as its republics declared independence, ending the Cold War.
This document provides definitions and summaries of key terms and events from the Cold War era in the United States:
- It describes methods of personal protection from nuclear attacks promoted in the US like "duck and cover" and fallout shelters. It also explains the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) and the Hollywood blacklist it enforced.
- Domestic programs from this era are outlined, including Harry Truman's Fair Deal and the 1955 merger of labor unions into the AFL-CIO. Key laws impacting labor relations and infrastructure like the Taft-Hartley Act and National Highway Act are mentioned.
- Figures involved in espionage accusations and trials are named, such as Alger Hiss
Changing Cold War Relations - reasons the cold war endedmrmarr
The document discusses the factors that led to the end of the Cold War, focusing on events inside and outside the Soviet Union as well as key people. It suggests that events within the Soviet Union, such as political and economic issues under Mikhail Gorbachev's reforms, inspired citizens to seek change and ultimately caused the USSR to collapse under its own weight. External factors like increased US military spending under Ronald Reagan also applied pressure, while the influence of figures like Gorbachev, Reagan and Pope John Paul II had mixed effects on the Soviet bloc and its eventual dissolution.
Mikhail Gorbachev's reforms of glasnost and perestroika, as well as economic failures, rising nationalism, and public demand for change, contributed to the fall of European communist regimes in 1989. The opening of the Berlin Wall and revolutions in Eastern bloc countries ended the Soviet Union's control over Eastern Europe. By 1991, nationalist and reformist sentiments led by Boris Yeltsin overwhelmed the Soviet system, culminating in the dissolution of the USSR.
One key reason why there was a crisis over Cuba in 1962 was that a U.S. spy plane discovered Soviet missile bases in Cuba, only 90 miles from the U.S., posing a direct nuclear threat. Kennedy had to decide how to respond, with some advisors urging aggression and others diplomacy. Ultimately, he imposed a naval blockade. This led to 13 days of negotiations where Kennedy and Khrushchev exchanged letters seeking a resolution. They agreed to remove missiles from Turkey and Cuba, respectively, reducing nuclear tensions.
7. Trade Laws, Bilateral and Multilateral Trade Agreements, World Trade Organ...Charu Rastogi
This document discusses various topics related to international business management and trade agreements:
- It describes different types of bilateral and multilateral trade agreements such as GATT, WTO, TRIPS, TRIMS, and GATS.
- It provides an overview of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and its replacement by the World Trade Organization (WTO).
- It also briefly discusses India's bilateral trade agreements with different countries and regions, as well as the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC).
“Digital democracy” helen milner digital leaders annual lecture 24 february 2015Helen Milner
My speech at the Digital Leaders Annual Lecture in February 2015 about Digital Democracy. Slides have notes of the full speech. This is about people and democracy more than technology. I talk about social media, the Arab Spring, the crowdsourced constitution in Iceland, and the Net Party in Argentina. I talk about the findings of the UK House of Common's Speaker's Commission on Digital Democracy - as a Commissioner. Not radical but perhaps a very quiet and polite revolution.
Component diagrams show the physical components and dependencies between software components. Deployment diagrams visualize the distribution of components across nodes in a system and allow seeing potential bottlenecks. Rational Rose, Visual UML, and Microsoft Visio are tools to create UML diagrams, with Rational Rose being a more full-featured software engineering tool that supports activities beyond diagramming like code generation and testing.
The Manhattan Project was a research and development undertaking during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons. It was led by the United States with support from the United Kingdom and Canada. The project's scientists, including Enrico Fermi and Robert Oppenheimer, researched nuclear fission and worked to design and build atomic bombs, conducting the first nuclear test, code named Trinity, on July 16, 1945. This led to the bombing of Hiroshima on August 6, 1945 with a uranium gun-type bomb, and of Nagasaki on August 9, 1945 with an implosion-type plutonium bomb, bringing World War II to an end.
The Cold War was a decades-long ideological and geopolitical struggle between the United States and the Soviet Union that began following World War II. Key events that deepened tensions included Stalin reneging on allowing free elections in Eastern Europe, the Berlin Blockade, McCarthyism in the US, and the space race highlighted by the launch of Sputnik. Major crises like the Cuban Missile Crisis brought the two superpowers to the brink of nuclear war. Throughout the Cold War both sides sought to spread their influence and contain the other through military alliances like NATO and the Warsaw Pact as well as policies like containment and détente.
The Cold War was a decades-long geopolitical struggle between the US and USSR that began after WWII. Key events included the division of Germany and Berlin, formation of opposing military alliances like NATO and Warsaw Pact, arms and space races, proxy wars, and periods of heightened tensions like the Cuban Missile Crisis that brought the world close to nuclear war. Attempts at détente saw some arms control agreements in later decades but the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 interrupted the thaw in relations.
The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and Soviet Union from 1945-1990. It involved ideological and strategic struggles over democracy vs communism and capitalism vs socialism. Though allies in WWII, the US and USSR had differing goals for postwar Europe that increased tensions. This led to an arms race, space race, and proxy wars as the two superpowers competed for global influence and tried to contain the spread of the other's ideology through policies like the Truman and Eisenhower Doctrines. Events like the Berlin Blockade, U-2 incident, and failed Bay of Pigs invasion heightened Cold War tensions.
The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and Soviet Union from 1945-1990. It involved ideological and strategic competition between capitalism and democracy (US) versus communism and socialism (USSR). Some key events included the division of Germany and Berlin after WWII, the Truman Doctrine providing aid to countries resisting communism, the Marshall Plan rebuilding Western Europe, the Warsaw Pact alliance opposing NATO, and arms and space races increasing military tensions.
Truman faced many domestic and foreign policy challenges during his presidency including fear of communism at home and abroad, a divided Democratic party, and Republican control of Congress. Internationally, the Cold War intensified as the Soviet Union expanded its influence over Eastern Europe and China became communist. Truman responded with policies like the Truman Doctrine to contain communism, the Marshall Plan to rebuild Europe, and the establishment of NATO to counter the Soviet military threat. At home, Truman pushed for civil rights reforms and his Fair Deal social programs, but met resistance from Republicans and Southern Democrats.
The origins of the Cold War can be traced back to tensions that emerged between the Western allies (US, UK) and the Soviet Union at the Yalta Conference in 1945. At this conference, Stalin promised free elections in Soviet-controlled territories after WWII but did not keep this promise, straining relations. The ideological differences between communist USSR and democratic Western nations also led to conflict over the postwar order in Europe and the control of Eastern European countries. These tensions escalated over the following decades through events like the Berlin Blockade, formation of opposing military alliances like NATO and the Warsaw Pact, and the building of the Berlin Wall, cementing Europe's division between East and West.
The Cold War began after WWII as tensions grew between the US and Soviet Union due to their differing goals of security and democracy. This led to an era of confrontation as the two nations competed for influence in Europe and other parts of the world. The tensions were exacerbated by events like the Soviet takeover of Eastern Europe, the Berlin Blockade, the creation of NATO, and China becoming communist. The Korean War further heightened fears of communism's spread. During this early Cold War period, the Red Scare led to widespread paranoia in the US regarding communist infiltration.
Overview of the Cold War. Adapted from "Cold War in a Global Context" by William J. Tolley, "The Cold War" by T. Sothers and Hugh 07, and "Second Red Scare" by Paul Kitchen.
The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and Soviet Union from 1945-1990. It involved political, economic and propaganda battles between the two superpowers as they promoted opposing ideologies of democracy/capitalism versus communism/socialism. Key events included the division of Germany and Berlin, formation of opposing alliances like NATO and Warsaw Pact, arms race, proxy wars, and McCarthyism targeting perceived communist influence domestically. Both sides sought to contain the spread of the other's ideology and establish spheres of influence.
The Cold War emerged from tensions between the Soviet Union and Western allies over the shape of the post-World War 2 order. Disagreements at conferences in Tehran, Yalta, and Potsdam failed to establish consensus. The Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan sought to contain Soviet influence in Europe while mobilizing support for Western-aligned governments. The division of Germany and Berlin blockade heightened East-West tensions. The emergence of nuclear weapons and communist victories in China exacerbated fears, fueling anti-communist investigations in the US. The stalemated Korean War saw limited mobilization and control of industry under Truman. McCarthyism intensified the crusade against communist subversion through 1950s.
A revision presentation covering the Cold War topic for GCSE History on the AQA B course. Brief notes on each area of the Cold War needed. Hope this helps :)
World Histor - Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plankrobinette
The document discusses the increasing tensions between the US and USSR during the Cold War. It outlines several key events and policies that contributed to the escalation of conflict between the two superpowers, including the Truman Doctrine that aimed to contain Soviet influence through economic and military aid to Greece and Turkey, the Marshall Plan that similarly provided aid to rebuild Western Europe, and the Berlin Airlift that responded to the Soviet blockade of West Berlin. The USSR in turn established opposing policies and alliances to counter US involvement and bolster its own sphere of influence.
1. The Cold War began after WWII as tensions grew between the US and USSR, who had different economic and political ideologies of capitalism vs communism.
2. At the Yalta Conference in 1945, the Allied powers agreed to divide Germany into occupation zones and allow free elections in Eastern Europe, but had no agreement on Poland, foreshadowing future tensions.
3. In response to communist influence spreading across Eastern Europe and the Soviet blockade of West Berlin, the US established programs like the Marshall Plan to rebuild Western Europe economically and the Truman Doctrine to contain communism militarily, as well as the NATO alliance for collective defense.
The document summarizes key events and individuals related to the Cold War in the late 1940s and 1950s:
- The Truman Doctrine of 1947 promised US support to countries resisting communism and led to the policy of containment of communism. This aided Greece in defeating communist guerrillas.
- The Marshall Plan (1947-1948) provided US aid to Western Europe to rebuild after WWII and prevent the spread of communism.
- Events like the Berlin Blockade (1948-1949) and formation of NATO (1949) increased tensions between the US and USSR in Europe.
- The Korean War (1950-1953) further escalated Cold War hostilities as US and UN forces fought against North Korea and
The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and Soviet Union from 1945-1991. It involved proxy wars, espionage, massive military buildups, and ideological battles between capitalism and communism. Key events included the Berlin Blockade, Korean War, Cuban Missile Crisis, Vietnam War, and Space Race, as the two superpowers competed for global influence and tried to spread their opposing economic/political systems.
The Cold War began after WWII as tensions grew between the United States and the Soviet Union. They competed globally for power and influence without directly engaging in warfare, but instead through proxy wars and espionage. This period from 1945-1980 was defined as a "Cold War" where neither side fought each other directly due to the threat of nuclear war, but engaged in intelligence gathering, propaganda, and supporting opposing sides in regional conflicts. During this time, fears of communism at home led to investigations and blacklists against those suspected of communist sympathies in government and Hollywood.
- The Cold War began as tensions grew between the Western allies (US, UK) and the Soviet Union after WWII. The Grand Alliance that defeated Germany fell apart as their ideological differences emerged.
- A series of conferences from 1943-1945 failed to resolve disputes over the postwar order in Europe, with the Soviets establishing control over Eastern Europe and the West establishing influence in the West.
- This division hardened over issues like the Marshall Plan and Berlin, leading to the formal establishment of NATO and the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact, militarily dividing Europe. Crises over places like Hungary and Berlin in the 1950s demonstrated the conflict between Western capitalism and Soviet communism.
- The Cuban Revolution brought the Cold War dangerously close
The document discusses differing views on gun control between Democrats and Republicans. Democrats generally favor stronger gun control laws such as universal background checks, assault weapons bans, and restrictions on high-capacity magazines. Republicans generally oppose further gun control as unconstitutional and argue it will not prevent crime while punishing law-abiding gun owners. The document also examines debates around the meaning and scope of the Second Amendment.
US troops are stationed around the world for several reasons related to WWII and the Cold War era. Troops help maintain global security and stability in regions impacted by wars like Korea and Vietnam. Their presence deters aggression and protects international allies.
Anyone can become addicted to opioids, but those most at risk include those who have experienced trauma, have a mental health condition, misuse prescription opioids, or use heroin. A new documentary from the FBI and DEA called "Chasing the Dragon" aims to educate students and young adults about how easily addiction can develop from opioid misuse and the dangers of heroin use through telling the story of one addict's life.
During the late 1800s and early 1900s, cities in the United States grew rapidly due to large numbers of immigrants and migrants from rural areas. This caused overcrowding and poor living conditions in cities. Problems included cramped housing known as tenements, lack of transportation and sanitation infrastructure, disease outbreaks, high crime rates, and poverty. In response, cities implemented reforms such as building codes, water treatment, garbage collection systems, police forces, and firefighters. Labor unions also advocated for workers' rights to address low wages and long hours. Corruption was widespread in political machines that controlled many city governments; civil service reforms in the 1880s aimed to establish merit-based hiring in the public sector.
The document discusses the history and purpose of the United Nations. It was created in 1945 to replace the League of Nations after it failed to prevent World War II. The UN aims to maintain international peace and security, promote economic development and human rights. It provides a forum for countries to discuss issues and conducts humanitarian aid and peacekeeping missions. The main UN bodies are the General Assembly, Security Council, and other organizations that work on issues like development, human rights, and peacekeeping.
This document provides demographic information about populations in various locations from Harlan, Iowa to worldwide, as well as information about political leaders, issues, and events. It discusses topics like the US national debt, ISIS, President Trump and allegations of sexism/racism, DACA, and perceptions of "fake news" in the mainstream press.
The document provides an introduction to world history, including key concepts and discoveries. It discusses how the oldest human fossils were found in Africa, dated to around 4-6 million years ago. Specifically, early hominid remains were discovered in Tanzania in the 1930s-1970s by Louis and Mary Leakey. More recently, fossils of Homo sapiens dated to 300,000-350,000 years ago were found in Morocco in 2017. The document also summarizes the development of early civilizations along river valleys in Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus River Valley, and China from around 3500 BCE, noting traits like cities, writing systems, specialized workers, and advanced technologies.
This document provides guidance on studying for an exam on key events that shaped US history from Native American arrival through Reconstruction. It lists the main topics to focus on for each event, including the time period, explanation of what happened, key people, impact on the US, and important terms. Some of the major events it identifies are Native American populations in North America, European exploration and colonization, the Revolutionary War, the US Constitution, westward expansion, the Civil War, and Reconstruction. It also includes discussion questions about these topics and the structures and powers of the US government established by the Constitution.
The document provides demographic information about populations in various locations from Harlan, Iowa to worldwide. It also includes political leadership roles in Iowa and the US, as well as information on controversial topics like white nationalism, Antifa, media bias, and government funding levels for schools in Iowa.
The document provides details on areas controlled by Japan during WWII as well as areas attacked but not conquered. It lists the specific dates that various regions in Asia and the Pacific fell under Japanese control. It also provides background information on Japan in the 1920s-30s and key events leading up to the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, including the Japanese invasion of Manchuria, incidents in China, and Japan's alliance with Germany and Italy.
Italy was displeased with the outcome of WWI and the Treaty of Versailles. In 1922, Benito Mussolini and his fascist party took control of Italy in the March on Rome. Mussolini established a fascist government with himself as dictator. He invaded Ethiopia in 1935 in violation of treaties. In the late 1930s, Mussolini allied Italy with Nazi Germany and joined World War II on Germany's side. However, Italy was not well-prepared for war and suffered major losses and defeats. Mussolini was eventually overthrown and killed by Italian resistance forces in 1945.
This document provides an overview of Germany's history from 1919 to 1945, beginning with the Treaty of Versailles after WWI and the restrictions it placed on Germany. It then discusses the rise of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party, key events of WWII such as Germany's invasions and alliances, major battles on the Eastern and Western Fronts, and the Holocaust. The document uses text and images to present information on Germany under Hitler and the key political and military developments of WWII.
This document provides information on various political and economic systems including types of governments (e.g. democracy, monarchy), political parties in the US, the Tea Party movement, and core concepts (e.g. liberal, conservative). It also covers presidential election maps from 1960-2012 and controversial issues like immigration, gun control, abortion, the environment, and healthcare.
The document summarizes many of the major relief programs and reforms of FDR's New Deal. It describes programs that provided relief for the unemployed like the CCC and NYA, as well as major public works projects through the PWA, CWA, and WPA. It also covers major financial reforms and regulations like the FDIC, SEC, Glass-Steagall Act, and FFDCA. Rural electrification and infrastructure were addressed by agencies such as the REA, TVA, and RHA.
The document provides background information on the Great Depression and the stock market crash of 1929. It discusses key terms, events, causes and effects of the period. Specifically, it outlines how speculation in the stock market led to inflated stock prices that eventually crashed in October 1929. This crash had widespread effects, causing banks to fail, businesses to cut production and lay off workers, and unemployment to rise sharply. Together these events marked the beginning of the Great Depression, a severe worldwide economic downturn that lasted through the 1930s.
The document provides an overview of several major civilizations and empires from ancient history, including Ancient Greece, the Persian Empire, the Roman Republic and Empire, the Byzantine Empire, and the Mongolian Empire. It then discusses the Middle Ages in Europe, known also as the Medieval period or Dark Ages, and explains why this era is sometimes referred to as the Dark Ages due to raids and a lack of focus on learning. Finally, it covers several topics related to Christianity during this time period such as reforms in the Catholic Church, the development of architecture like Romanesque and Gothic cathedrals, and the Crusades launched by the Pope to recapture the Holy Land from Muslim rule.
The document provides an overview of politics and society in the United States during the 1920s. Some key events and trends discussed include the Red Scare following WWI, the Palmer Raids targeting radicals, the Sacco and Vanzetti trial, immigration restrictions, prohibition, organized crime during prohibition led by figures like Al Capone, the Scopes Monkey Trial debate over teaching evolution, economic boom and bust period, and advances for women's rights including women's suffrage and access to birth control.
The document provides an overview of several major civilizations and empires from ancient history, including Ancient Greece, the Persian Empire, the Roman Republic and Empire, the Byzantine Empire, and the Mongolian Empire. It then discusses the Middle Ages in Europe, known also as the Medieval period or Dark Ages, and explains why this era is sometimes referred to as the Dark Ages due to raids and a lack of focus on learning. Finally, it covers several topics related to Christianity during this time period such as reforms in the Catholic Church, the development of architecture like Romanesque and Gothic cathedrals, and the Crusades launched by the Pope to recapture the Holy Land from Muslim rule.
Puerto Rico was claimed by Spain in 1493 and ceded to the US in 1898 after 400 years of Spanish rule. Puerto Ricans were granted citizenship in 1917. Since 1948, popularly elected governors have served and in 1952 a constitution provided for internal self-government. In plebiscites, voters chose to retain commonwealth status, though in 2012 a majority voted for statehood which is pending Congressional approval.
This document provides an overview of America's emergence as an imperial power in the late 19th century. It discusses the Spanish-American War of 1898, which was precipitated by Cuban revolts against Spanish rule and inflamed by "yellow journalism" in the American press. The sinking of the USS Maine further raised tensions. The U.S. defeated Spain and gained control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. This victory marked America's arrival as a world power with overseas territories and colonies.
1. The Cold War 1945-1990
US vs Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
2. Definition
• A political, strategic and ideological
struggle between the US and the Soviet
Union.
• Spread throughout the world-Europe, Asia,
Africa and Latin America.
5. Causes of the Cold War
• Different political systems
-US is based on democracy, capitalism
and freedom
-USSR is based on dictatorship,
communism and control
• Both thought their system was better and
distrusted the others intentions
• Stalin despised capitalism
6. Causes of Cold War
• Stalin breaking his promise to allow free
elections at the Yalta Conference
• American fear of a communist attack(Red
Scare) and USSR’s fear of a US attack
• USSR’s fear of the atomic bomb
• USSR’s actions in their German zone
• USSR’s goal to spread communism around the
world
• This feeling of suspicion lead to mutual distrust
and this did a great deal to deepen the Cold
War
9. Yalta Conference
Feb 1945
• Before the end of the World War II, Stalin,
Churchill and Roosevelt met at Yalta to plan
what should happen when the war ended. They
agreed on many points:
1. The establishment of the United Nations.
2. Germany to be divided into four zones.
3. Free elections allowed in the states of eastern
Europe.
4. Russia promised to join the war against Japan.
10. Post WWII/Cold War Goals for
US
• Wanted to promote open markets for US
goods to prevent another depression
• Promote democracy throughout the
world, especially in Asia and Africa
• Stop the spread of communism
11. Post WWII/Cold War Goals for
the USSR
• Wanted to create greater security for itself
-lost tens of millions of people in WWII and
Stalin’s purges
-feared a strong Germany
• Establish defensible borders
• Encourage friendly governments on it’s
borders
• Spread communism around the world
16. Winston Churchill “Iron Curtain”
Speech
• “From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the
Adriatic an iron curtain has descended
across the Continent. Behind that line lie all
the capitals of the ancient states of Central
and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin,
Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade,
Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous cities
and the populations around them lie in
what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all
are subject in one form or another, not only
to Soviet influence but to a very high and,
in some cases, increasing measure of control
from Moscow. Athens alone -- Greece with
its immortal glories -- is free to decide its
future at an election under British,
American and French observation. The
Russian-dominated Polish Government has
been encouraged to make enormous and
wrongful inroads upon Germany, and mass
expulsions of millions of Germans on a
scale grievous and undreamed-of are now
taking place. The Communist parties,
which were very small in all these Eastern
States of Europe, have been raised to pre-
eminence and power far beyond their
numbers and are seeking everywhere to
obtain totalitarian control. Police
governments are prevailing in nearly every
case, and so far, except in Czechoslovakia,
there is no true democracy.”
17. Truman Doctrine
• In 1947 the British were
helping the Greek
government fight against
communist guerrillas.
• They appealed to America for
aid, and the response was the
Truman Doctrine.
• America promised it would
support free countries to help
fight communism.
• Greece received large
amounts of arms and
supplies, and by 1949 had
defeated the communists.
• The Truman Doctrine was
significant because it showed
that America was prepared to
resist the spread of
communism throughout the
world.
18. Marshall Plan
• In 1947, US Secretary of State
Marshall announced the
Marshall Plan.
• This was a massive economic
aid plan for Europe to help it
recover from the damage
caused by the war.
• There were two motives for
this:
– Helping Europe to
recover economically
would provide markets
for American goods, so
benefiting American
industry.
– A prosperous Europe
would be better able to
resist the spread of
communism. This was the
main motive.
23. • In 1948, the three western controlled zones of
Germany's(US,France, UK) were united, and
grew in prosperity due to Marshal Aid.
• The west wanted the east to rejoin, but Stalin
feared it would hurt Soviet security.
• In June 1948, Stalin decided to try to gain
control of West Berlin which was deep inside
the eastern sector.
• He cut road, rail and canal links with West
Berlin, hoping to starve it into submission.
• The west responded by airlifting in the
necessary supplies to allow west Berlin to
survive.
• In May 1949, Russia admitted defeat and
lifted the blockade.
26. Alger Hiss Trial
• In 1948, Alger Hiss was accused of being
a member of a Communist cell whose
purpose had been to infiltrate the U.S.
government
• Hiss vigorously maintained innocence.
• In 1949, the trial ended with a
deadlocked jury- 8-4 in favor of
conviction.
• The second trial began on later in 1949,
and ended two months later in early
1950,
• The new jury found Hiss guilty
27. • Hiss' conviction was later upheld by the
Court of Appeals and the U.S. Supreme
Court.
• Hiss served five years in prison.
• In 1992, a former Soviet intelligence
officer said that Hiss was not a Soviet
spy, but rather a victim of Cold War
hysteria.
28. NATO
• In 1949 the western nations formed the
North Atlantic Treaty Organization to co-
ordinate their defense against Russia.
• NATO was a defensive alliance
• This was the first peacetime alliance in
US History
• It consisted of:
-America, Canada, Britain, France, Holland, Belgium
Luxembourg, Portugal, Denmark, Norway and Italy
• Still around today
35. McCarthyism
• Joseph McCarthy (1908-1957) was a
Republican Senator from Wisconsin
• In 1950, he gave a speech where he
claimed to have a list of 205 Communists
in the State Department
• No one in the press actually saw the
names on the list, but McCarthy's
announcement made national news and
caused panic throughout the country
• McCarthy became one of the most
powerful people in the US
36. Supporters of McCarthy
1. Republicans
2. Catholics
3. Conservative Protestants
4. Blue-collar workers
5. Joseph and Robert Kennedy
37. McCarthy’s Downfall
• In the spring of 1954, McCarthy charged the US Army
had promoted a dentist accused of being a Communist.
• For the first time, television broadcast allowed the
general public to see the Senator as a blustering bully
and his investigations as little more than a misguided
scam.
• In late 1954, the Senate voted to censure him for his
conduct and to strip him of his privileges.
• McCarthy died three years later from alcoholism.
• The term "McCarthyism" lives on to describe anti-
Communist fervor, reckless accusations, and guilt by
association.
38.
39. US Test Hydrogen Bomb-1952
• 1000 times more
powerful than the
Hiroshima atomic
bomb
• Set off on Bikini
Island in the Marshall
Islands
50. Eisenhower Embarrassment
• Khrushchev:
• “I must tell you a secret. When I made my
first report I deliberately did not say that the
pilot was alive and well… and now just
look how many silly things [the
Americans]” have said.
64. Thirteen Days
• Be able to describe what
happened in the crisis.
• Be able to describe the
different choices that
Kennedy had to choose
from in dealing with this
threat.
• Be able to explain the
compromise that was
reached to end the crisis.
• Be able to explain how
this crisis was an
example of
brinkmanship.
71. Kent St. Massacre
• The Kent State Massacre occurred at Kent State
University in the Kent, Ohio on May 4, 1970
• The incident was the shooting of unarmed college
students by the Ohio National Guard
• The guardsmen fired 67 rounds over a period of
13 seconds, killing four students and wounding
nine others
• Some of the students who were shot had been
protesting against the American invasion of
Cambodia, which President Richard Nixon
announced in a television address on April 30
72. • There was a significant national response to
the shootings: hundreds of colleges and
high schools closed throughout the US due
to a student strike of four million students
• The event further affected the negative
public opinion over the role of the United
States in the Vietnam War
75. Nixon Visits Moscow
Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev toasted United States President Richard Nixon in
Moscow,
marking the signing of the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty on May 26, 1972.
77. • SALT I froze the number of strategic ballistic
missile launchers at existing levels
• Limited new submarine-launched ballistic
missile (SLBM).
• FOR THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA:
RICHARD NIXON
President of the United States of America
FOR THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST
REPUBLICS:
L.I. BREZHNEV
General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU
102. Discussion
• Why did the US win the Cold War?
• Why did the USSR lose the Cold War?
103. 1. We had close ties with our Allies and
the USSR didn’t.
2. China started siding with us after 1972.
3. The Soviet economy was in shambles
whereas the US’s was flourishing.
1. Huge deficit
2. High inflation
3. Corruption
4. Social problems
5. Shortage of basic needs(food, housing)
104. 4. The strong anti-communist presidency of
Reagan.
5. Gorbachev’s willingness for change and
reform.
1. glasnost and perestroika
2. admitted Soviet mistakes
3. took blame for the Cold War
4. communist system had failed
5. allowed Eastern Europe to do what they
wanted
6. Arms Reduction Talks
1. SALT, INF, Reagan-Gorbachev
meetings
105. 7. Soviet Mistakes
1. invasion of Afghanistan
2. ignoring social concerns
3. spent everything on military
106. Post-Cold War
• In the 1990’s, the world seemed to be a
much more peaceful place
• President Clinton closed down numerous military
• 9-11 caught the US off guard