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By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com
What is River Terrace ?
•A raised flat Area running
along and parallels to valley
walls. It is a part of a former
flood plain, left behind as river
cut down through the valley
flood
By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com
What is Active glacier ?
•A glacier that is receiving
new ice above the snow
line but is losing ice
below the snow line
By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com
What is Active flood Plain ?
•The narrow strip of land
on both sides of the rivers
is called Active Flood
Plain. It is locally known
as bet or Khaddar land.
By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com
What is Old Flood Plain?
•Meander and cover flood
plains cover the area between
the alluvial terraces and the
active flood plains. They are
only flooded when there is
heavy monsoon rainfall
By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com
What is Cold Water Desert?
•An arid but often foggy
desert where the climate is
affected by cold ocean
current`e.g Western
California
By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com
What is Ablation ?
•The removal of surface
snow or ice by melting
or evaporation.
By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com
What is Flash Flood?
•A sudden flood usually
caused by a very heavy
burst of rain is called Flash
Flood
By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com
What is bedload?
•Stones and other materials
that rolls and bounces
along a river bed.
By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com
What is meander?
•A winding curve, bend or
loop along the course of a
stream or river
By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com
What is Cyclone?
• A strong depression, characterized by heavy rainfall,
high wind speeds, and high storm surge set-up,
particularly in shallow coastal areas. In the sub-
tropics, extreme cyclones can have wind speeds of
200 km/hour or even more
By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com
What is Drought?
•'A period with an extraordinary
water shortage' (due to the rainfall
being less than normal)
By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com
What is Flood?
•Expansion of a surface
water body due to a water
level that is significantly
above average.
By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com
What is Flood exposure?
•The actual occurrence of a
flood at a given location.
By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com
What is Alluvial Soil?
•
Soils deposited through the action of moving water. These soils
lack horizons and are usually highly fertile.
By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com
What is an Anthracite?
•
A hard coal containing little
volatile matter.
By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com
What is an altitude ?
• Height of an object in the atmosphere above sea
level.
By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com
What is an Alluvia?
•
Clay, silt, gravel, or similar detritus material deposited
by running water.
By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com
What do you mean by Badlands?
•
Very irregular topography resulting from wind and
water erosion of sedimentary rock.
By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com
What is Bituminous?
•
A soft coal that, when
heated, yields considerable
volatile matter.
By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com
What is Confluence?
•
The place at which two streams flow together to
form one larger stream.
By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com
What is the Continental Climate?
•
The type of climate found in the interior of the
major continents in the middle, or temperate,
latitudes. The climate is characterized by a great
seasonal variation in temperatures, four distinct
seasons, and a relatively small annual precipitation.
By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com
What is Culture?
•
The accumulated habits, attitudes, and beliefs of a
group of people that define for them their general
behavior and way of life; the total set of learned
activities of a people.
By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com
What is an Estuary?
•
The broad lower course of a river that is encroached
on by the sea and affected by the tides
By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com
What is an Evapo-transpiration?
•
The water lost from an area through the combined
effects of evaporation from the ground surface and
transpiration from the vegetation.
By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com
What is Fall Line?
•
The physiographic border between the piedmont and
coastal plain regions. The name derives from the river
rapids and falls that occur as the water flows from
hard rocks of the higher piedmont onto the softer
rocks of the coastal plain.
By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com
What do you mean by Piedmont?
Lying or formed at the base of mountains; in the
Pakistan Pothowar is its example
By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com

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Terms Relevant to Geography by Dr. Zafar Iqbal PhD

  • 1. By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com
  • 2. What is River Terrace ? •A raised flat Area running along and parallels to valley walls. It is a part of a former flood plain, left behind as river cut down through the valley flood By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com
  • 3. What is Active glacier ? •A glacier that is receiving new ice above the snow line but is losing ice below the snow line By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com
  • 4. What is Active flood Plain ? •The narrow strip of land on both sides of the rivers is called Active Flood Plain. It is locally known as bet or Khaddar land. By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com
  • 5. What is Old Flood Plain? •Meander and cover flood plains cover the area between the alluvial terraces and the active flood plains. They are only flooded when there is heavy monsoon rainfall By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com
  • 6. What is Cold Water Desert? •An arid but often foggy desert where the climate is affected by cold ocean current`e.g Western California By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com
  • 7. What is Ablation ? •The removal of surface snow or ice by melting or evaporation. By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com
  • 8. What is Flash Flood? •A sudden flood usually caused by a very heavy burst of rain is called Flash Flood By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com
  • 9. What is bedload? •Stones and other materials that rolls and bounces along a river bed. By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com
  • 10. What is meander? •A winding curve, bend or loop along the course of a stream or river By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com
  • 11. What is Cyclone? • A strong depression, characterized by heavy rainfall, high wind speeds, and high storm surge set-up, particularly in shallow coastal areas. In the sub- tropics, extreme cyclones can have wind speeds of 200 km/hour or even more By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com
  • 12. What is Drought? •'A period with an extraordinary water shortage' (due to the rainfall being less than normal) By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com
  • 13. What is Flood? •Expansion of a surface water body due to a water level that is significantly above average. By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com
  • 14. What is Flood exposure? •The actual occurrence of a flood at a given location. By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com
  • 15. What is Alluvial Soil? • Soils deposited through the action of moving water. These soils lack horizons and are usually highly fertile. By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com
  • 16. What is an Anthracite? • A hard coal containing little volatile matter. By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com
  • 17. What is an altitude ? • Height of an object in the atmosphere above sea level. By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com
  • 18. What is an Alluvia? • Clay, silt, gravel, or similar detritus material deposited by running water. By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com
  • 19. What do you mean by Badlands? • Very irregular topography resulting from wind and water erosion of sedimentary rock. By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com
  • 20. What is Bituminous? • A soft coal that, when heated, yields considerable volatile matter. By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com
  • 21. What is Confluence? • The place at which two streams flow together to form one larger stream. By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com
  • 22. What is the Continental Climate? • The type of climate found in the interior of the major continents in the middle, or temperate, latitudes. The climate is characterized by a great seasonal variation in temperatures, four distinct seasons, and a relatively small annual precipitation. By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com
  • 23. What is Culture? • The accumulated habits, attitudes, and beliefs of a group of people that define for them their general behavior and way of life; the total set of learned activities of a people. By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com
  • 24. What is an Estuary? • The broad lower course of a river that is encroached on by the sea and affected by the tides By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com
  • 25. What is an Evapo-transpiration? • The water lost from an area through the combined effects of evaporation from the ground surface and transpiration from the vegetation. By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com
  • 26. What is Fall Line? • The physiographic border between the piedmont and coastal plain regions. The name derives from the river rapids and falls that occur as the water flows from hard rocks of the higher piedmont onto the softer rocks of the coastal plain. By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com
  • 27. What do you mean by Piedmont? Lying or formed at the base of mountains; in the Pakistan Pothowar is its example By Dr. Zafar iqbal, PhD, zafarsst@gmail.com