1 10 ocean composition-location Water in Earth’s Processesaalleyne
Water in Earth’s Processes
S6E3. Students will recognize the significant role of water in earth processes.
c. Describe the composition, location, and subsurface topography of the world’s oceans.
1 10 ocean composition-location Water in Earth’s Processesaalleyne
Water in Earth’s Processes
S6E3. Students will recognize the significant role of water in earth processes.
c. Describe the composition, location, and subsurface topography of the world’s oceans.
It describes about the formation of Islands,about the formation of coral reef. It describes about the ocean currents, their origin and all other concepts related to oceanography.
Introduces Oceanography: oceanic plates, continental shelf, abyssal plain, trenches, hydrothermal vents, black smoke, temperature stratification, water masses and circulation, coriolis effect, el nino, larvae and larval ecology.
Written information are rightfully gathered from the internet. Kindly, use this properly including proper citation. This is a presentation made during our high school days.
Temperature, light, Oxygen, salinity, pH are important marine factors which impact the major life and physical properties of the oceans. These factors make the marine environment a dynamic entity and otherwise impacting on the terrestrial ecosystems too.
a glimpse of ocean world.
life in ocean
earth ocean
marine science
environment science
home science
aquatic life
ocean flora and fauna
aquaculture
sea food
marine resources
indian ocean
pacific ocean
atlantic ocean
life in the ocean
deep sea
mid sea
costal life
marine ecosystem
It describes about the formation of Islands,about the formation of coral reef. It describes about the ocean currents, their origin and all other concepts related to oceanography.
Introduces Oceanography: oceanic plates, continental shelf, abyssal plain, trenches, hydrothermal vents, black smoke, temperature stratification, water masses and circulation, coriolis effect, el nino, larvae and larval ecology.
Written information are rightfully gathered from the internet. Kindly, use this properly including proper citation. This is a presentation made during our high school days.
Temperature, light, Oxygen, salinity, pH are important marine factors which impact the major life and physical properties of the oceans. These factors make the marine environment a dynamic entity and otherwise impacting on the terrestrial ecosystems too.
a glimpse of ocean world.
life in ocean
earth ocean
marine science
environment science
home science
aquatic life
ocean flora and fauna
aquaculture
sea food
marine resources
indian ocean
pacific ocean
atlantic ocean
life in the ocean
deep sea
mid sea
costal life
marine ecosystem
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
2. Why study major bodies of water?
• Water covers nearly ¾ of the earth’s
surface
• More than 50% of the world’s
population lives within an hour of the
coast
• Plays a role in both climate and day-to-
day weather
• FOOD!
– Cost of your food could depend on it
4. Around the World in 4 Slides…
Begins at 60°S
Mediterranean Sea
Arctic Sea
Gulf of Mexico
Caribbean Sea
5. Around the World in 4 Slides…
Begins at 60°S
Gulf of Alaska
Bering Sea
Sea of Japan
6. Around the World in 4 Slides…
Begins at 60° S
Red Sea
Persian Gulf
Arabian Sea
7. Ocean or Sea, What’s the Big Deal?
SEAS
• Delineated by land masses
– Doesn’t matter if they’re largely enclosed
• Also “communicate” with the ocean
Strait of Gibralter
Black Sea
Mediterranean Sea
Africa
Europe
Gulf of Mexico
United States
Mexico
8. Bragging Rights…
Which ocean is the biggest?
OCEAN SURFACE AREA [km2] OF ALL
OCEANS…
Atlantic 90,818,000 27.1%
Indian 68,556,000 20.4%
Pacific 155,557,000 46.4%
Southern 20,327,000 6.1%
9. Bragging Rights…
Which ocean has the most coastline?
OCEAN COASTLINE LENGTH [km]
Atlantic 111,866
Indian 66,526
Pacific 135,663
Southern 17,968
10. Water is Water…or is it?!
FRESHWATER
• Rivers
• Streams
• Lakes
SALTWATER
• Oceans
• Gulfs
• Seas
11. Water is Water…or is it?!
QUESTION:
Is saltwater the same everywhere?
ANSWER:
Nope.
In general, the Atlantic Ocean is the
“saltiest.”
12. Please Pass the Salt…
• “Run-of-the-mill” concentration?
– 3.5 grams/liter
• Like weather, there are areas of
– HIGH salinity
– LOW salinity
So, where are these “highs” and
“lows”?
14. Mmmmm…Salty!
DEAD SEA FACTS:
• Really a large lake
• Water gets in, but not
out!
– Fed by River Jordan
– Evaporation only way
out
• Has nearly 10 times the
salinity of the oceans!
– Leads to increased
density
Dead Sea was named
because it had no life!
16. We’re Goin’ Down, Down, Down…
Just like the atmosphere, the
ocean has layers!
17. Ocean zones and continental margins
• Many ocean zones are defined based on continental
margins.
• To help you understand ocean zones, let’s first review
continental Margins:
• Continental Margin: Submerged area of continents.
Include:
– Continental Shelf (flat gradually sloping seafloor) from
shoreline to ~ 200m; End of Shelf is called the Shelf Break
– Continental Slope (steeply sloping seafloor) seaward of shelf
break
– Continental Rise (Moderately sloping seafloor) seaward of
slope
17
18. Pelagic and benthic zones
• One simple ocean zone
classification is between the
water and the ocean floor
• The water is referred to as the
pelagic zone
– Organisms that swim through the
water column are known as
nekton
• The ocean floor is referred to
as the benthic zone
– Organisms that live here are
benthic organisms or benthos
Photos: NOAA
Shark: Pelagic (nekton)
Crab: Benthic (benthos
18
19. Pelagic and benthic zone divisions
19
Pelagic zone divisions
(depth from surface)
Benthic zone divisions
(seafloor zones)
Supralittoral –shore above high tide
Epipelagic (0-200m) Littoral – the intertidal zone (sometimes
submerged and sometimes above water)
Mesopelagic (200-1,000m) Sublittoral – seafloor of the continental
shelf (from low tide to the shelf break)
Bathypelagic (1,000-4,000m) Bathyl – seafloor of the continental slope
to the deep ocean bottom
Abyssopelagic (4,000-6,000m Abyssal – deep ocean bottom between
the base of the slope and 6,000 m
Hadalpelagic (6,000-10,000m) Hadal – the deepest zone, below 6,000m
20. Pelagic and benthic zone divisions
20
Pelagic
zone
Littoral
200m
1,000m
4,000m
6,000m
21.
22. The Epipelagic Zone
• “Sunlight Zone”
– Most solar heating
– Lots of temperature
change
• Surface to 200m
• Influenced by
wind
23. Bridge Over Troubled Waters…
• A transition layer
• Temperature
decreases rapidly
• Relevance to you?
– Higher bass
concentrations
(oxygen is just right)
24. The Mesopelagic Zone
• “Twilight Zone”
– Most temperature
change near top of
layer
• Between 200 and
1000m
• Animal
characteristics
begin to change
25. The Bathypelagic Zone
• “Midnight Zone”
– No light at all
– Only light comes
from animals
• Very little
temperature
change
• Pressure reaches
over 5800 p.s.i.
26. The Abyssopelagic Zone
• “The Abyss”
– Greek word
meaning “no
bottom”
• Between 4000
and 6000m
• Water
temperature near
freezing
27. The Hadalpelagic Zone
• “The Trenches”
• Anything below
6000m
• Worth repeating:
– Deepest trench is
the Mariana Trench
– “Weight”: >8 t.s.i.
• Life still exists
here!
That’s TONS per
square inch!
28. Our Mr. Sun
• “Driving Force”
• Solar radiation
affects the ocean
differently
– More on this later
• Ultimate cause of
wind
29. Ocean Currents – Just the Facts
• Two types:
– Wind-driven Currents
– Deep Water Currents
• 40% of the global heat transport
• Move slower than surface winds
– Kilometers per day vs. kilometers per hour
• Long-term climate impacts
– Gulf Stream most important in our region
30. Ocean Currents -- Development
• Oceans near
equator “heat up”
more than the poles
• Sets up…
– Temperature
imbalance
– Semi-permanent
pressure areas
– Constant push of
wind on water
32. Dust in the Wind – During the Day
• Beach heats faster
than ocean
• Air rises onshore
• Slightly cooler,
denser air moves
onshore to replace
the “lost” air
• Results:
– Onshore breeze
– Possible storm
development
33. Dust in the Wind – At Night
• Beach cools faster
than ocean
• Air rises offshore
• Slightly cooler,
denser air moves
offshore to replace
the “lost” air
• Results:
– Offshore breeze
– Possible storm
development
34. Wave Action
• Another byproduct of wind
• Size depends on THREE things:
– Speed
– Duration
– Distance
• Longer the wave, the faster it moves
• Here’s a cool fact:
– You can estimate the wind speed using
the size of waves
35. Battle of the Bulge
• Tides are another
type of wave action
• Definition:
– A change in the
ocean water level,
which results from
the gravitational pull
of the moon
36. Battle of the Bulge
• Why the moon?
– Sun’s gravitational
pull is greater
– But the moon is
closer
• Mariners have
known for a long
time that tides were
related to the moon
37. Battle of the Bulge
• Famous dead
people who have
studied tidal motion:
– Galileo
– Descartes
– Newton
– Laplace
– Lord Kelvin
– Kepler
38. Two tides? Four tides?
• Number of tides per day related to…
– Shape of the coastline
– Sea floor elevation
• Some places have one high/low tide
cycle
– Called a diurnal tide
– Examples:
• Lake Charles, LA
• Gulfport, MS
• Gulf Shores, AL
• Pensacola, FL
39. Two tides? Four tides?
• Number of tides per day related to…
– Shape of the coastline
– Sea floor elevation
• Other places have two high/low tide
cycles
– Called a semi-diurnal tide
– Examples:
• Galveston, TX
• Apalachicola, FL
41. The Knights Who Say “Neap”
• Occur when the pull
of the moon and
sun partially cancel
each other
• RESULT:
– Very little change
between high and
low tides
42. Springing Onward…
• Occurs when the
pull of the sun and
moon act together
• RESULT:
– Greater than normal
tidal range
experienced
43. About the Cost of Your Food…
• Normally…
– Warm waters over
Central Pacific
– Cooler waters off
Peruvian coast
• Colder, nutrient-rich
waters pulled up
from western coast
of South America
44. About the Cost of Your Food…
• El Nino:
– Equatorial
Countercurrent
strengthens
– Nutrient-rich water
supply lessens
• RESULT:
– Waters warm off
Peruvian Coast
45. About the Cost of Your Food…
• La Nina:
– Weaker Equatorial
Countercurrent
– Nutrient-rich water
supply increases
• RESULT:
– Warm waters “pile
up” in the western
Pacific