The Indus River, spanning approximately 2000 miles through India, Pakistan, and China, is crucial for providing drinking water and irrigation for 160 million people in Pakistan. It originates from melting Himalayan snow and glaciers, with its major tributaries including the Zaskar, Shyok, and others, forming a delta as it flows into the Arabian Sea. The river faces significant pollution and flooding issues, impacting nearby communities.

1. INDUS RIVER
BY GAURAV MALHOTRA
GRADE 7A

2. INDEX
• Interesting Facts and Information
• Source
• Tributaries/Middle course
• Mouth
• Importance of the Indus River

3. IMPORTANT FACTS AND INFORMATION
• The Indus river flows through India, Pakistan and China but some of its tributaries are from the
nearby countries.
• Alongside the river the archaeologists have found traces of a civilization which is called the Indus
river valley civilization and they found that it began around 5000 years ago.
• Indus river is one of the longest river which lasts for approximately 2000 miles. (Nile river 4135
mi)(India to Yemen = 2026 mi)
• Its total drainage area is approx. about 450,000 square miles.
• The Indus river plays an essential role in providing drinking water and the agriculture of some
regions in Pakistan.
• The Indus river is very polluted because of the factories on the alongside banks.

4. SOURCE
• A large amount of water flowing originates
from the melting snows and Glaciers from
the Himalayan ranges.
• The monsoon rains mainly between July to
September are the other source of the river.
• Therefore, the water level stays low from
mid-December to mid-February and
increases by a large amount of water by
March. Afterwards in the year the water
level rises a little bit from mid-July to mid-
August.
• Another small percentage of water is
provided from its tributaries.

5. TRIBUTARIES/MIDDLE COURSE
• The Indus river is joined by its first major tributary at a short distance from the source(India -
Jammu and Kashmir) which is the Zaskar river.
• Next it is joined by one of its important tributaries in Pakistan administrated - Jammu and
Kashmir which is known as Shyok river.
• After the river crosses the Himalayas it forms a gorge lying near Attock that is 5181 m deep.
• The river is joined by its most notable tributaries from the eastern Punjab region that divides
Pakistan and India. The fiver rivers are Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas and Sutlej. (Punjab means
“Five rivers”)
• Afterwards in the course the Shigar river joins the Indus at Balistan.
• Farther ahead Gilgit river (a major tributary) also joins the Indus in Pakistan.

6. MOUTH
• Finally, The Indus river gets divided into distributaries that form a delta and enter the Arabian
Sea at the Southeast of Karachi.
• The delta covers an area of around 3000 square miles and is 130 miles long.
Indus River Delta

7. Course

8. IMPORTANCE OF THE RIVER
• The Indus river is important for the 160 million people in Pakistan because the river is the
source of drinking water of all these people.
• The river also irrigates 80% of Pakistan’s 21.5 million hectares of agricultural land.
• The Indus river provides home to a large amount of species.

9. FLOODING
• Alongside the Indus river embankments(high plains) have been created to prevent flooding.
• There were major floods that occurred in 1947, 1958 and 2010. These floods caused a lot of
problems to the villages staying on the flood plains beside, because it destroyed large areas.

10. BIBLIOGRAPHY
• https://www.britannica.com/place/Indus-River#toc48093
• http://culturesum.com/Img_Attractions/Extra/Pakistan/Indus_river.svg
• https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Korangi_and_region%2C_from_space.jpg
• https://www.buzzle.com/articles/facts-about-the-indus-river.html
• http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/about_freshwater/freshwater_problems/river_decline/10_rive
rs_risk/indus/

11. THANK YOU