Humayun faced many challenges as the second Mughal emperor of India from 1530 to 1555. He had to deal with rebellious brothers who betrayed him and coveted the throne. Additionally, the Afghan general Sher Shah Suri defeated Humayun in two key battles, forcing him into exile in Persia for 15 years. After regaining help from the Persian king, Humayun recaptured Delhi and Agra, reclaiming the throne. His rule laid the foundations for the Mughal style of painting before his tragic death in 1556, allowing his son Akbar to continue expanding the empire.