Power Resources

2. SECTORS AND SOURCES OF ENERGYSECTORS AND SOURCES OF ENERGY
 The major energy sectors in Pakistan areThe major energy sectors in Pakistan are
domestic, commercial, industrial,domestic, commercial, industrial,
agricultural, transport and otheragricultural, transport and other
government consumption sector.government consumption sector.
 Domestic consumption has been rising atDomestic consumption has been rising at
the highest rate of approximately 9%.the highest rate of approximately 9%.
 Commercial, industrial and transportCommercial, industrial and transport
consumption have also been expanding byconsumption have also been expanding by
2.8, 3.8 and 4.6%, respectively.2.8, 3.8 and 4.6%, respectively.
 However, agriculture and otherHowever, agriculture and other
government sectors have been shrinkinggovernment sectors have been shrinking
in energy consumption by 7.1 and 1.4%.in energy consumption by 7.1 and 1.4%.

3. MAIN ENERGY SOURCES INMAIN ENERGY SOURCES IN
PAKISTANPAKISTAN
 The main energy sources in PakistanThe main energy sources in Pakistan
are oil, gas, LPG, coal,are oil, gas, LPG, coal,
hydroelectricity and nuclearhydroelectricity and nuclear
electricity.electricity.
 The annual growth rate duringThe annual growth rate during
2000-01 was observed to be 6.55%.2000-01 was observed to be 6.55%.
 The primary energy supplies inThe primary energy supplies in
Pakistan during this period havePakistan during this period have
been the following:been the following:

4. N
o
.
Source TOE"
1 Oil 19,320,611
2 Gas 18,410,007
3 LPG 143,514
4 Coal 2,009,552
5 Hydroelectri
city
4,104,123
6 Nuclear
Electricity
476,714
Total 44,464,522

5. What is TOE?What is TOE?
 Tonnes of Oil EquivalentTonnes of Oil Equivalent (TOE) is the(TOE) is the
basic unit for expressing all forms ofbasic unit for expressing all forms of
energy. It is based on the British Themalenergy. It is based on the British Themal
Unit (Btu) content or the potential toUnit (Btu) content or the potential to
produce heat in the respective energyproduce heat in the respective energy
form.form.

A TOE = one tonne of indigenous crude oilA TOE = one tonne of indigenous crude oil
== 41.895 million Btu41.895 million Btu

6.  The total energy consumed in Pakistan inThe total energy consumed in Pakistan in
the year 2000-01 was 25.26 million TOEthe year 2000-01 was 25.26 million TOE
which was 0.11% less than the previouswhich was 0.11% less than the previous
year.year.
 However, in the same period, primaryHowever, in the same period, primary
commercial energy supplies increased bycommercial energy supplies increased by
4.8% to 44.5 million TOE.4.8% to 44.5 million TOE.
 Among the various energy sub-sectors;Among the various energy sub-sectors;
natural gas increased by 7%, oil by 3.7%natural gas increased by 7%, oil by 3.7%
and nuclear showed a five-fold increase,and nuclear showed a five-fold increase,
whereas, electricity generation declined bywhereas, electricity generation declined by
8.9%.8.9%.
ENERGY IN PAKISTANENERGY IN PAKISTAN

9. OIL AND GASOIL AND GAS
 There were a total of 526 exploratoryThere were a total of 526 exploratory
wells and 679 development wells aswells and 679 development wells as
of July 2001 for both oil and gas.of July 2001 for both oil and gas.
There were a total of 142There were a total of 142
discoveries; 57 for oil and 85 for gas,discoveries; 57 for oil and 85 for gas,
giving a success rate of 1:3.6 and angiving a success rate of 1:3.6 and an
exploration density of one well perexploration density of one well per
1573 km2.1573 km2.

10. OIL AND GASOIL AND GAS
 The year 2000-01 witnessed drilling of 18The year 2000-01 witnessed drilling of 18
new exploratory wells for oil and gas. Oilnew exploratory wells for oil and gas. Oil
production was 57,762 barrels per day onproduction was 57,762 barrels per day on
an average, which was 3.7% more thanan average, which was 3.7% more than
the previous year. Import of petroleumthe previous year. Import of petroleum
products declined by 15.7%, while that ofproducts declined by 15.7%, while that of
crude oil increased by 58.3%. This wascrude oil increased by 58.3%. This was
mainly due to the commissioning of themainly due to the commissioning of the
Pak-Arab Refinery. Oil consumptionPak-Arab Refinery. Oil consumption
declined by 0.8% in 2000-01 compared todeclined by 0.8% in 2000-01 compared to
the earlier year.the earlier year.

11.  In 2000-01, the average natural gasIn 2000-01, the average natural gas
production was 2,398 million cubicproduction was 2,398 million cubic
feet per day which was 7.2% higherfeet per day which was 7.2% higher
than the previous year. On thethan the previous year. On the
consumption side, natural gasconsumption side, natural gas
witnessed a growth of 8.3%.witnessed a growth of 8.3%.

16.  Pakistan has vast coal reserves i.e.Pakistan has vast coal reserves i.e.
4.35 billion tones of measured4.35 billion tones of measured
reserves and 12.43 billion tones ofreserves and 12.43 billion tones of
indicated reserves. However, coalindicated reserves. However, coal
production declined by 2.3% toproduction declined by 2.3% to
register 3.09 million tones in 2000-register 3.09 million tones in 2000-
01. The consumption in the same01. The consumption in the same
year was 4.04 million tones.year was 4.04 million tones.

19.  Of the 4.35 billion tones (BT) of measuredOf the 4.35 billion tones (BT) of measured
reserves; 4.249 BT are located in Sindh, 0.053 BTreserves; 4.249 BT are located in Sindh, 0.053 BT
in Balochistan, 0.048 BT in Punjab and tracein Balochistan, 0.048 BT in Punjab and trace
amounts in NWFP.amounts in NWFP.
 Thar, Lakhra and Jherruck have the three largestThar, Lakhra and Jherruck have the three largest
reserves with 3,752, 244 and 106 million tones ofreserves with 3,752, 244 and 106 million tones of
coal and a high degree of geologic assurance.coal and a high degree of geologic assurance.
Although Thar is a huge reserve but its heatingAlthough Thar is a huge reserve but its heating
value is between 6,223 - 10,288 Btu/lb, which isvalue is between 6,223 - 10,288 Btu/lb, which is
relatively little. Moreover, the seam thicknessrelatively little. Moreover, the seam thickness
(0.25-12.58 metres) is also uneconomical in(0.25-12.58 metres) is also uneconomical in
some areas. The Government of Pakistan plans tosome areas. The Government of Pakistan plans to
develop the Thar Coal Project during 2005-2012develop the Thar Coal Project during 2005-2012
by investing 53,375 million rupees and Lakhraby investing 53,375 million rupees and Lakhra
Coal Project during 2003-2009 by investing anCoal Project during 2003-2009 by investing an
amount of 27,450 million rupees.amount of 27,450 million rupees.

20.  During 2000-01, 68,117 Gwh electricity wasDuring 2000-01, 68,117 Gwh electricity was
produced showing an increase of 3.6% over theproduced showing an increase of 3.6% over the
last year.last year.
 Generation was 71.8% by thermal source,Generation was 71.8% by thermal source,
25.3% by hydel and 2.9% by nuclear source.25.3% by hydel and 2.9% by nuclear source.
 On the consumption side, 6.6% growth wasOn the consumption side, 6.6% growth was
observed to give a total figure of 48,585 Gwhobserved to give a total figure of 48,585 Gwh
 The electricity installed capacity in 2000-01 wasThe electricity installed capacity in 2000-01 was
17,457 MW.17,457 MW.
 The total power losses in the country in 2000-01The total power losses in the country in 2000-01
were 25.4%.were 25.4%.
 WAPDA and KESC contributed 22.3% andWAPDA and KESC contributed 22.3% and
36.9%, respectively.36.9%, respectively.

24.  Pakistan is moving towards aPakistan is moving towards a
market-based economy. This ismarket-based economy. This is
indicated by the deregulation ofindicated by the deregulation of
furnace oil prices on July 01, 2000furnace oil prices on July 01, 2000
and exactly one year later, on Julyand exactly one year later, on July
01, 2001 by the deregulation of01, 2001 by the deregulation of
petroleum product prices.petroleum product prices.

25.  Development in the energy sector hasDevelopment in the energy sector has
been progressing.been progressing.
 The Pak-Arab Refinery was commissionedThe Pak-Arab Refinery was commissioned
in 2001 with 4.5 million tones refiningin 2001 with 4.5 million tones refining
capacity per year.capacity per year.
 The Chashma Nuclear Power Plant wasThe Chashma Nuclear Power Plant was
commissioned in September 2001 with ancommissioned in September 2001 with an
installed capacity of 325 MW.installed capacity of 325 MW.
 A Feasibility Study for the raising ofA Feasibility Study for the raising of
Mangla Dam has also been initiatedMangla Dam has also been initiated