1. The document discusses various English tenses including simple present, present continuous, present perfect, present perfect continuous, simple past, past continuous, past perfect, past perfect continuous, future simple, future continuous, and future perfect. 2. Each tense is used to express different types of actions such as habits, ongoing activities, completed activities, future plans, and more. 3. Examples are provided to illustrate the proper usage of each tense in sentences.

3. Tenses

4. Simple Present
• Subject + Verb
• Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Verb
• Subject + Auxiliary verb + not +
Verb

5. Simple Present
Facts and generalization
A dog is an animal
Habits and routines
I learn English twice a week
Permanent situations
I come from Basil
State verbs (e.g. be, have, think, know) more
I have two eggs
Fixed / official arrangement that we can't
change
The course starts in April

6. Present Continuous
• Subject + Auxiliary verb + Verb + ing
• Auxiliary verb + Subject + Verb + ing
• Subject + Auxiliary verb + not + Verb +
ing

7. Present Continuous
Present or temporary activities
They are swimming in the sea
I'm drinking hot coffee now
Future (personal) arrangements
He is getting married this month
I'm having my first driving lesson
this week

8. Present Perfect
• Subject + Auxiliary verb + Past
participle
• Auxiliary verb + Subject + Past
participle
• Subject + Auxiliary verb+not + Past
participle

9. Present Perfect
Actions which happened at an indefinite (unknown) time
before now
We have already had breakfast
I have already been to Paris
Actions in the past which have an effect on the present
moment
I have bought new shades
Someone has taken my bag
Actions which began in the past and continue in the
present
John has been a plumber for 2 years
He has been our most serious partner for so long that I
can assure you he's a very decent man

10. Present Perfect Continuous
 Subject + Auxiliary verb + Auxiliary verb +
Verb + ing
 Auxiliary verb + Subject + Auxiliary verb +
Verb + ing
 Subject + Auxiliary verb + not + Auxiliary
verb + Verb + ing

11. Present Perfect Continuous
Actions that started in the past and
continue in the present
She's (=she HAS) been crying in her
room for half an hour now
We've been waiting for a good offer to
buy a car since March
Actions that have recently stopped
I've been waiting for you to come (but
now you're back!)

12. Simple Past
• Subject + Verb + ed or an irregular form
• Auxiliary verb + Subject + Verb
• Subject + Auxiliary verb + Verb

13. Simple Past
Events in the past that are now finished (e.g. I went to
school) *
I saw two colorful fishes in the lake yesterday
Mary tried the soup but it was too hot to eat
They saw us playing football
He married a woman who lived in the same village
Situation in the past (they lived a normal life until they won
a lottery) **
I lived in New York for 10 years (I don't live there
anymore)
A series of actions in the past
He entered a room, lit a cigarette and smiled at the
guests

14. Past Continuous
• Subject + Auxiliary verb + Verb + ing
• Auxiliary verb + Subject + Verb + ing
• Subject + Auxiliary verb + not + Verb +
ing

15. Past Continuous
1. Actions in progress
1. At 3 p.m., I was having lunch
2. We were all thinking about our holidays
3. Yesterday at this time Steven Seagal was riding a horse
2. Interrupted actions in progress*
1. They were talking about her when she walked into the
room
2. Shannon was filling in a questionnaire when the pen ran
out of ink
3. John was smoking a cigarette when he saw a spider
3. Actions in progress at the same time in the past.
1. While Kenneth was cleaning the living room, Sam was
washing the dishes

16. Past Perfect
• Subject + Auxiliary verb + Past
participle
• Auxiliary verb + Subject + Past
participle
• Subject + Auxiliary verb + not + Past
participle

17. Past Perfect
A completed action before another activity in the past
When we arrived, the concert had already finished
It had got/gotten worse before it got better.
By the time I watched my favorite program, I had drunk
a cup of bee
By the time I got to the market, most of the stalls had
already been closed
Third conditional sentences (a) and reported speech (b)
(read more at the bottom the page)
If I hadn't taken my keys from the drawer, I would be
able to get into my house
My mum asked me whether I had visited grandma the
previous day.
Dissatisfaction with the past
I wish I had taken more food with me

18. Past Perfect Continuous
• Subject + Auxiliary verb + Auxiliary
verb + Verb + ing
• Auxiliary verb + Subject + Auxiliary
verb + Verb + ing
• Subject + Auxiliary verb + not +
Auxiliary verb + Verb + ing

19. Past Perfect Continuous
Duration of a past action up to a certain point in
the past
I had been running for an hour when it started
raining
Kathy put on weight because she had been
eating too much sugar
When I saw him I knew that he had been
training
Third conditional sentences (a) and reported
speech (b)
Mary said she had never been swimming so
much in one day

20. Future Simple
• Subject + Auxiliary verb + Verb
• Auxiliary verb + Subject + Verb
• Subject + Auxiliary verb + not +
Verb

21. Future Simple
Promises
I will come back at 10 p.m
I will get Mary
Unplanned actions (spontaneous decisions)
Predictions based on experience or intuition
I think he will regret his choice
When I'm 60 years old, I will be completely
bald
Let's buy the snacks at the supermarket -
they will be cheaper
Habits

22. Future Continuous
• Subject + Auxiliary verb + Auxiliary
verb + Verb + ing
• Auxiliary verb + Subject + Auxiliary
verb + Verb + ing ?
• Subject + Auxiliary verb + Auxiliary
verb + Verb + ing

23. Future Continuous
1. Future actions in progress.
1. She'll be having a bath when I'm back home
2. Tomorrow at nine, I will be hosing off (=washing
with a hose) my car
3. This time next week, I will be throwing a party
4. I'll be watching TV when my mother arrives
2. Guesses about the present or the future.
1. They will be getting home just about now
3. Polite questions about somebody's
intentions.

24. Future Perfect
 Subject + Auxiliary verb + Auxiliary verb
+ Auxiliary verb + Present participle
 Subject + Auxiliary verb + Auxiliary verb
+ Auxiliary verb + Present participle ?
 Auxiliary verb + Subject + Auxiliary verb
+ Auxiliary verb + Present participle

25. Future Perfect
Actions that will be finished before
some point in the future
They will have graduated from
Cambridge by July 2009.
I will have retired by the end of the
year.
I read 40 pages a day. If I keep up
the pace, I will have read the book by
Tuesday.