The document defines active and passive voice and their key differences. Active voice has the subject performing the action, while passive voice emphasizes the action and object rather than the subject. Transitive verbs have an object to receive the action, while intransitive verbs do not. The document then provides rules for changing sentences from active to passive voice for different tenses and structures. It explains how to transform sentences with objects, phrasal verbs, questions words, and other elements.

2. Definition of Active Voice
When the verb of a sentence is in the active voice.
the subject is doing the acting, as in the
sentence “Kevin hits the ball.” Kevin is
the subject of the sentence) acts in relation to the ball.

3. Definition of Passive Voice
The passive voice is used when we want to emphasize
the action (the verb) and the object of a sentence
rather than subject. This means that the subject is
either less important than the action itself or that we
don’t know who or what the subject is.

4. The verb that can change into
Passive Voice form called
“Transitive Verb”
What is transitive verb ?

5. Transitive Verb
• Transitive verbs are action verbs
that have an object to receive
that action.
• I bake some cookies.
• I ride the bicycle.
• I move the chair.
Intransitive Verb
• Intransitive verbs are action
verbs but unlike transitive verbs,
they do not have an object
receiving the action.
• I laugh.
• I cry.
• The book falls.

6. RULE OF PASSIVE VOICE
• Sentence must have object.
Example -Angelina Jolie is buying Dior’s bag.
= Dior’s bag is being bought by Angelina Jolie.
• If the verb of sentence is Phrasal Verb, you need to
place Preposition after Verb as before.
Example – The pilots take off the airplane.
=The airplane are taken off.

7. RULE OF PASSIVE VOICE
• Verb that can’t change in Passive Voice form.
Intransitive Verb etc. die, live, grow, go, come ,arrive
Linking Verb because Linking Verb + complement doesn’t have object
some Transitive Verb that tell the state etc. fit, have ,lack ,resemble, suit
• Can leave phrase “By…..”
-by + indefinite pronoun
- someone stole his wallet yesterday.
= His wallet was stolen yesterday.

8. RULE OF PASSIVE VOICE
• By + Agent etc. Animal , Human , Natural Disaster [thing that done by itself]
- Brian is selected as the new chairman by committee
With + instrument or thing [have something or someone control it]
- The rabid dog was tied [by its owner] with ropes.
• The sentence has 2 objects.
Example Gutt gave Mai the ring.
Indirect object - Mai
Direct object – The ring
Passive form
• Mai was given the ring by Gutt
• The ring was given to Mai by Gutt

9. RULE OF PASSIVE VOICE
• The sentence SVOC
-The final competition made us very excited.
=We were made very excited by the final competition.
• If has Helping Verb ,use Helping Verb + Be + Past Participle
form
-We can see her underwear through her skirt.
= Her underwear can be seen through her skirt.

10. RULE OF PASSIVE VOICE
• If sentence has Question word, place Question Word in front as before.
[If it is “who” need to transform into “whom”]
-Who did you buy the sneakers form?
= From whom were the sneakers bought?
- Where do you drink this carton of milk?
= From where is this carton of milk drunk?
or = Is this carton of milk drunk at your house?
• If the Sentence has to infinitive use the structure of to be + Past Participle.
- Get wants someone to take photographs.
= Get wants photographs to be taken.

11. RULE OF PASSIVE VOICE
• If Subject and Object of the sentence are the same person ,
use Reflexive Pronoun.
Example - He lets someone shout at him.
= He lets himself be shouted at.
• Imperative Sentence.
o if have Object use
Example - Close your eyes = Let your eyes be closed.
- Don’t lock the door. =Let the door not be locked.
=Don’t let the door be locked.
Let + Object + [not]+ be + Past Participle

12. RULE OF PASSIVE VOICE
o if don’t have Object ..
- Command Sentence use You are commanded to…
- Requests sentence use You are asked/requested to
- Persuade Sentence use You are invited to..
Example keep quiet = You are asked to keep quiet.
• If the Subject of Active Voice is Negation [no one, nobody, nothing] If
you change the form into passive , it need to use negation form as before.
Example – No one has ever lied to my father.
= My father has never been lied to.

13. RULE OF PASSIVE VOICE
• In Active voice that use with “ think ,consider ,know ,
acknowledge ,report ,say ,find ,claim ,feel ,fear , hope
,believe , understand “ can be change into 2 forms of passive
voice.
Example :
Active voice : Many people believed the world was flat.
Passive voice1 : It was believed the world was flat.
Passive voice2 : The world was believed to be flat.

16. PRESENT SIMPLE
Structure
Subject + is/am/are+ Past participle.
Ex. Affirmative Sentence
Active Voice ; Jan eats a cake.
Passive Voice ; A cake is eaten by Jan.

17. PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Structure
Subject + is/am/are + being + Past
Participle.
Ex. Affirmative Sentence
Active Voice ; Tong is playing the guitar.
Passive Voice ; The guitar is being played by
Tong.

18. PRESENT PERFECT
Structure
Subject + has/have + been + Past Participle
Ex. Affirmative Sentence
Active Voice ; Karn has read a novel.
Passive Voice ; A novel has been read by Karn.

19. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Structure
Subject + has/have + been + being + Past
Participle
Ex. Affirmative Sentence
Active Voice ; I have been feeding a dog for
2 hours.
Passive Voice ; A dog has been being fed by
me for 2 hours.

21. PAST SIMPLE
Structure
Subject + was/were + Past Participle
Example
Active Voice ; I ate a pizza yesterday.
Passive Voice ; Pizza was eaten [by me]

22. PAST CONTINUOUS
Structure
Subject + was/were + Being+ Past Participle
Ex. Affirmative Sentence
Active Voice ; When someone was interviewing
Katy Perry. The car crashed outside.
Passive Voice ; When Katy Perry was being
interviewed. The car crashed outside.

23. PAST PERFECT
Structure
Subject + had + been +Past Participle
Ex. Affirmative Sentence
Active Voice ; Amber had worked the company
this company before he fired.
Passive Voice ; This company had been worked
by Amber before he fired.

24. PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS
Structure
Subject + had+ Been +being + Past Participle
Ex. Affirmative Sentence
Active Voice ; I had been being cooking dinner for 2
hours before you arrived home.
Passive Voice ; A dinner had been being cooked for 2
hours before you arrived home.

26. FUTURE SIMPLE
Structure
Subject + will + be +Past Participle
Ex. Affirmative Sentence
Active voice: We will grow rice next week.
Passive voice: Rice will be grown next week.

27. FUTURE CONTINUOUS
Structure
Subject + will ,shall + be + being + Past Participle
Ex. Affirmative Sentence
Active voice: My mom will be eating ice cream tomorow
at evening.
Passive voice: Ice cream will be being eaten by my mom
at evening.

28. Structure
Subject + will , shall + have + been + Past Participle
Ex. Affirmative Sentence
Active voice: By tomorrow afternoon, Mark will have
signed a thousand of albums.
Passive voice : By tomorrow afternoon Mark
will have been signed a thousand of albums.
FUTURE PERFECT

29. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Structure
Subject + will,shall + have + been + being+ Past Participle
Ex. Affirmative Sentence
Active voice: I will have been doing homeworks for an hour
when the bell rings.
Passive voice : Homeworks will have been being done by me
for an hour when the bell rings.

31. Tense
Present Simple
Present Continuous
Present Perfect
Present Perfect Cont.
Past Simple
Past Continuous
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Cont.
Future Simple
Future Continuous
Subject
He
Form of have
Has
Is having
Has had
Has been having
Had
Was having
Had had
Had been having
Will have /
Is going to have
Will be having
Object
His hair
Past Participle
cut
We use have + object+ V.3 to say somebody does a
job for us. We don’t do it by ourselves.

33. STRUCTURE
Subject + Modal verb + be + past participle + Object.
Example
Active voice : You should do the exercises
everyday.
Passive voice : The exercises should be done
everyday.

35. Answer these following question
•Change the following sentences to passive voice.
1.Gutt had cleaned the floor. (Past Perfect)
2. Get must visit her grand parent every week.
(Modal)

36. Answer these following question
•Change the following sentences to passive voice.
1.Gutt had cleaned the floor. (Past Perfect)
The floor had been cleaned by Gutt.
2. Get must visit her grand parent every week.
(Modal)

37. Answer these following question
•Change the following sentences to passive voice.
1.Gutt had cleaned the floor. (Past Perfect)
The floor had been cleaned by Gutt.
2. Get must visit her grand parent every week.
(Modal)
Her grand parent must be visited every week.

38. Answer these following question
What tenses is this?
3. Eye was having her house cleaned.
4. Mai will have been being waited by Gutt for an
hour when Mai finally arrives.
5.Her homework is being done by Jubjang.

39. Answer these following question
What tenses is this?
3. Eye was having her house cleaned.
Past Continuous tense.
4. Mai will have been being waited by Gutt for an
hour when Mai finally arrives.
5.Her homework is being done by Jubjang.

40. Answer these following question
What tenses is this?
3. Eye was having her house cleaned.
Past Continuous tense.
4. Mai will have been being waited by Gutt for an
hour when Mai finally arrives.
Future Perfect Continuous.
5.Her homework is being done by Jubjang.

41. Answer these following question
What tenses is this?
3. Eye was having her house cleaned.
Past Continuous tense.
4. Mai will have been being waited by Gutt for an
hour when Mai finally arrives.
Future Perfect Continuous.
5.Her homework is being done by Jubjang.
Present Continuous