The document discusses the 16 tenses in English, providing definitions, examples, and forms for each tense. It covers the present simple, present continuous, present perfect, present perfect continuous, past simple, past continuous, past perfect, past perfect continuous, future simple, future continuous, future perfect, future perfect continuous, past future simple, past future continuous, past future perfect, and past future perfect continuous tenses. For each tense, it gives the use, forms, and examples to illustrate how to form sentences in that particular tense.

1. 16 TENSES
By Josephinne Krisdiva

2. PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE
Use: to talk about habitual actions
Forms:
Statement: S + base verb(-s/-es) + obj./compl.
Negative: S + do/does + not base verb + obj./compl.
Interrogative: do/does + S + base verb + obj./compl.?
Negative Interrogative: don’t/doesn’t + S + base verb
+ obj./compl.?

3. EXAMPLES
 I like to eat junk food.
 I don’t like to eat junk food.
 Do I like to eat junk food?
 Don’t I like to eat junk food?

4. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Use: to talk about something which is going on at the
moment of speaking
Forms:
Statement: S + am/is/are + present participle +
obj./compl.
Negative: S + am/is/are + not + present participle +
obj./compl.
Interrogative: am/is/are + S + present participle +
obj./compl.?
Negative interrogative: am/is/are + S +not + present
participle?

5. EXAMPLES
 I am eating junk food.
 I am not eating junk food.
 Am I eating junk food?
 Am I not eating junk food?

6. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
Use: to talk about experiences
Forms:
Statement: S + has/have + past participle +
obj./compl.
Negative: S has/have + not + past participle +
obj./compl.
Interrogative: has/have + S + past participle +
obj./compl.?
Negative Interrogative: has/have + not + S + past
participle?

7. EXAMPLES
 I have eaten junk food.
 I haven’t eaten junk food
 Have I eaten junk food?
 Haven’t I eaten junk food?

8. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Use: to talk about unwanted result which can be seen
in the present time
Forms:
Statement: S + has/have + been + present participle
+ obj./compl.
Negative: S + has/have + not + been +present
participle + obj./compl.
Interrogative: has/have + S been present participle +
obj./compl.?
Negative Interrogative: has/have + not + S + been +
present participle?

9. EXAMPLES
 I have been eating junk food.
 I have not been eating junk food.
 Have I been eating junk food?
 Haven’t I been eating junk food?

10. PAST SIMPLE TENSE
Use: to talk about the past
Forms:
Statement: S + past verb + obj./compl.
Negative: S + did + not + base verb + obj./compl.
Interrogative: did + S + base verb + obj./compl.?
Negative Interrogative: didn’t + S + base verb +
obj./compl.?

11. EXAMPLES
 I ate junk food.
 I didn’t eat junk food.
 Did I eat junk food?
 Didn’t I eat junk food?

12. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
use: to talk about something that was going on at a
specific time in the past
Forms:
Statement: S + was/were + present participle +
obj./compl.
Negative: S + was/were + not + present participle +
obj./compl.
Interrogative: was/were + S + present participle +
obj./compl.?
Negative Interrogative: was.’t/weren’t + S + present
participle + obj./compl.?

13. EXAMPLES
 I was walking down the street yesterday.
 I wasn’t walking down the street yesterday.
 Was I walking down the street yesterday?
 Wasn’t I walking down the street yesterday?

14. PAST PERFECT TENSE
Use: To talk about action which had completed
before another action started.
Forms:
Statement: S + had + past participle + obj/compl.
Negative: S + had n’t + past participle + obj/compl.
Interrogative: had + S + past participle + obj/compl?
Negative Interrigative: had n’t + S + past participle +
obj/compl?

15. EXAMPLE
 I had eaten my lunch.
 I hadn’t eaten my lunch
 Had I eaten my lunch?
 Hadn’t I eaten my lunch?

16. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Use: to explain how long an action had been happening
before another action happened
Forms:
Statement: S + had + been + present participle +
obj./compl.
Negative: S + had + not + been + present participle +
obj./compl.
Interrogative: had + S + been + present participle +
obj./compl?
Negative Interrogative: hadn’t + S + been + present
participle + obj./compl?

17. EXAMPLES
 I had been waiting long.
 I hadn’t been waiting long.
 Had I been waiting long?
 Hadn’t I been waiting long?

18. FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE
Use: to talk about predictions.
Forms:
Statement: S + will + base verb + obj./compl.
Negative: S + will + not + base verb + obj./compl.
Interrogative: will + S + base verb + obj./compl?
Negative Interrogative: won’t + S + base verb +
obj./compl?

19. EXAMPLES
 I will go to Medan.
 I won’t go to Medan.
 Will I go to Medan?
 Won’t I go to Medan?

20. FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
Use: To talk about unfinished action that will be in
progress later
Forms:
Statement: S + will + be + present participle + obj./compl.
Negative: S + will + not + be + present participle +
obj./compl.
Interrogative: will + S + be + present participle +
obj./compl?
Negative Interrogative: Won’t + S + be + present participle
+ obj./compl?

21. EXAMPLES
 I will be eating candy tomorrow.
 I won’t be eating candy tomorrow.
 Will I be eating candy tomorrow?
 Won’t I be eating candy tomorrow?

22. FUTURE PERFECT
Use: to talk about an action that will already be
completed in a certain time in the future
Forms:
Statement: S + will have + past participle + obj./compl.
Negative: S + will not have + past participle + obj.compl.
Interrogative: will + S + have + past participle +
obj./compl?
Negative Interrogative: won’t + S + have + past participle +
obj./compl?

23. EXAMPLES
 I will have eaten candy tomorrow morning.
 I won’t have eaten candy tomorrow morning.
 Will I have eaten candy tomorrow morning?
 Won’t I have eaten candy tomorrow morning?

24. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Use: to talk about duration of an activity that will be in
progress before another time event in the future.
Forms:
Statement: S + will have + been + present participle +
obj./compl.
Negative: S + won’t have + been + present participle +
obj./compl.
Interrogative: will + S + have + been + present participle
+obj./compl.?
Negative interrogative: won’t + S + have + been + present
participle + obj./compl.?

25. EXAMPLES
 I will have been eating candy.
 I won’t have been eating candy.
 Will I have been eating candy?
 Won’t I have been eating candy?

26. PAST FUTURE SIMPLE
Forms:
Statement: S + should/would + be + obj./compl.
Negative: S + should/would + not + be + obj./compl.
Interrogative: should/would + S + be + obj./cpml?
Negative Interrogative: shouldn’t/wouldn’t + S + be +
obj./compl?

27. EXAMPLES
o I should be at school by now.
o I shouldn't be at school by now.
o Should I be in school by now?
o Shouldn't/t I be in school by now?

28. PAST FUTURE CONTINUOUS
Forms:
Statement: S + would + be + present participle+
obj./compl.
Negative: S + would + not be + present participle +
obj./compl.
Interrogative: would + S + be + present participle +
obj./compl?
Negative Interrogative: wouldn’t + S + be + present
participle + obj./compl?

29. EXAMPLES
 I would be eating candy.
 I wouldn’t be eating candy.
 Would I be eating candy?
 Wouldn't I be eating candy?

30. PAST FUTURE PERFECT
Forms:
Statement: S + would/should + have + past participle +
obj./compl.
Negative: S + wouldn’t/shouldn’t + have + past participle +
obj./compl.
Interrogative: would/should + S + have + past participle +
obj./compl?
Negative Interrogative: wouldn’t/shopuldn’t + S + have + past
participle + obj./compl?

31. EXAMPLES
 I would have eaten two candies.
 I wouldn’t have eaten two candies.
 Would I have eaten two candies?
 Wouldn’t I have eaten two candies?

32. PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Forms:
Statement: S + would/should + have + been + present
participle + obj./compl.
Negative: S + wouldn’t/shouldn’t + have + been + present
participle + obj./compl.
Interrogative: would/should + S + have been + present
participle + obj/compl?
Negative Interrogative: wouldn’t/shouldn’t + S + have
been + present participle + obj./compl?

33. EXAMPLES
 I would have been eating candy by the time you arrive.
 I wouldn’t have been eating candy by the time you
arrive.
 Would I have been eating candy by the time you arrive.
 Wouldn’t I have been eating candy by the time you
arrive.

34. THANK YOU