1. LECTURER’S NAME : MADAM DASHIMA BT ABDUL WAHAB
PRESENTERS : GORDON BEDALI ANAK JIMBUN
SILVIAN SILVESTER SIGA
MOHAMAD SOLEHUDDIN BIN MOHAMAD SIDEK
MOHD DZUL FADHLY BIN MASNIN @ MUSNIN

2. Major Types Of Tenses in English
Present
Tense
• present continues
tanse
• present perfect tenses
• present perfect
continues tense
Past
Tense
• past continues tense
• past perfect tenses
• past perfect continues
tenses
Future
Tense
• continues continues
tense
• continues perfect tenses
• continues perfect
continues tenses
Major
Types of
tenses in
English

3. Present Tense
present
continues
tense
Present
Tense
present
perfect
tenses
present
perfect
continues
tense
simple
present
tense

4. Sentence structure
For simple present tense: subject + auxiliary verb
+main verb
For present continuous tense: subject + auxiliary verb
+main verb
For Present Perfect Tense: subject + auxiliary verb +
main verb
The structure of the present perfect continuous tense
is: subject + 1st auxiliary verb + 2nd auxiliary verb
+main verb

5. Simple Present Tense
for
Habbitual
Action
When we
use Simple
present
tense?
For
repeated
action or
Events
For General
truth
for
For Fixed
Aggrement
Instruction
and
direction

6.  Habbitual actions
 He drinks tea at breakfast.
 She only eats fish.
 They watch television regularly.
 For repeated actions or events
 We catch the bus every morning.
 It rains every afternoon in the hot
season.
 They drive to Monaco every
summer.
 For general truths
 Water freezes at zero degrees.
 The Earth revolves around the
Sun.
 Her mother is Peruvian.
 For instructions or directions
 Open the packet and pour the
contents into hot water.
 You take the No.6 bus to Watney
and then the No.10 to Bedford.
 For fixed arrangements
 His mother arrives tomorrow.
 Our holiday starts on the 26th
March

7. Present Continuous Tense
 We used present continuous tenses for the action
that is happening:
Use present
Continuous Tense for
the action that…
Is action that is
happening now
Action that is
happening around

8. I am eating my lunch
Example 1:
Past Preasent Future
______________
The action happening
around now
Example 2:
The candle is burning. – the action of the burning candle is happening at
the same time frame as the observer watch the candle.

9. John is going out with Mary
Example 2:
Past Preasent Future
__________________________
The action is happening
around now
Example 2:
I am living with my sister untill i find my appartment

10. Present Perfect Tense
Here are some examples of the present perfect tense in general order:
Types of
sentences
subject auxiliary
verb
main verb
+ I have seen you
+ You have eaten mine.
- She has not been to Rome.
- We have not played football.
? Have you finished?
? Have they done it?

11. When we should use Present
Perfect Tense?
stating
experience
3 uses of
Present
perfect
tense
stating a
change
that has
been occur
for
continuing
situation

12. I have seen ET.
He has lived in Bangkok.
Have you been there?
We have never eaten caviar.
Example:
past present future
!!!
The action or state was in
the past.
In my head, I have a
memory now.
Connection with past: the event was in the past.
Connection with present: In my head, now, I have a memory of the
event; I know something about the event; I have experience of it.

13. Present perfect tense for change
A positive change
I have bought a car
past present future
- +
Last week I didn't have a car. Now I have a car.
A negative change
John has broken his leg.
past present future
+ -
Yesterday John had a good leg. Now he has a bad leg.

14. Present perfect tense for
continuing situation
- Use the present perfect tense to talk about a continuing situation.
- We use this for describing the idea of an action that started in the past and
continues in the present (and will probably continue into the future).
- We usually use ‘for’ or ‘since’ with this structure.
I have worked here since June.
He has been ill for 2 days.
How long have you known Tara?
past present future
The situation started in
the past.
It continues up
to now.
(It will probably
continue into the
future.)
Connection with past: the situation started in the past.
Connection with present: the situation continues in the present.

15. ‘For’ & ‘Since’ with Present Perfect
Tense
for since
a period of time a point in past time
x------------
20 minutes 6.15pm
three days Monday
6 months January
4 years 1994
2 centuries 1800
a long time I left school
ever the beginning of time

16. The Present Perfect ContinuousTense
Type of
sentences
subject 1st
auxiliary
verb
2nd
auxiliary
verb
main verb
+ I have been waiting for one
hour.
+ You have been talking too much.
- It has not been raining.
- We have not been playing football.
? Have you been seeing her?
? Have they been doing their
homework?
The structure of the present perfect continuous tense is:
subject + 1st auxiliary verb + 2nd auxiliary verb +main verb
Here are some examples of the present perfect continuous tense:

17. When to use Present Perfect
Continuous Tense?
when to use
Present Perfect
Continuous tenses
Duration from
past until now
Recently/lately

18. Duration from past untill now:
I have been reading for 2 hours.
past present future
_____________________________
Action started in
past.
Action is
continuing now.
The timeline on when to
use present perfect
continuous tense:
In other example as we can see below:
•I have been reading for 2 hours. [I am still reading now.]
•How long have you been learning English? [You are still learning
now.]
•They have been talking for the last hour.
•She has been working at that company for three years.

19. An action that has just stopped or
recently stopped
I'm tired because I've been running.
past present future
!!!
Recent action. Result now.

20. For and Since with Present Perfect Continuous
Tense
for since
a period of time a point in past time
x
20 minutes 6.15pm
three days Monday
6 months January
4 years 1994
2 centuries 1800
a long time I left school
ever the beginning of time
etc etc

21. Past Tense
past
continues
tense
Past
Tense
past
perfect
tenses
past
perfect
continues
tense
simple
past tense

22. Simple Past Tense
 We use the Simple Past to express the idea that an
action started and finished at a specific time in the
past.
 subject +main verb
 The structure for negative sentences in the simple
past tense is:
 subject + auxiliary verb + not +main verb

23. completed
action in
the past
• the action is started
and finished in the
past
• Example Sentence:
I saw a movie
yesterday.
series of
completed
action in
the past
• Example:
I finished work, walk
ed to the beach,
and found a nice
place to swim
duration in
the past
• duration which starts
and stops in the past
• Example Sentence:
I lived in Brazil for two
years.
Habbits in
the past
• a habit which stopped
in the past
• Example Sentence:
He played the violin.
Past fact
or
generalisat
ion
• facts or
generalizations which
are no longer true
• Example sentence:
He didn't
like tomatoes before
We used Simple
Past Tense when
we want to
describe

24. Past perfect tenses
The structure of the past perfect tense is:
subject + auxiliary
verb HAVE
+ main verb
conjugated
in simple
past tense
past
participle
had V3

25. Look at these example sentences with the past perfect tense:
Types of
sentences
subject auxiliary verb main verb
+ I had finished my work.
+ You had stopped before me.
- She had not gone to school.
- We had not left.
? Had you arrived?
? Had they eaten dinner?

26. We used Past Perfect
Tense when describing..
Completed action
before something
in the past
Duration before
something in the
past

27. Completed Action Before
Something in the Past
 The Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred
before another action in the past. It can also show that
something happened before a specific time in the past.
 As an easy explaination, this tense talks about the "past in the
past".
 The above diagram clearly shows that, the blue dot, is the
actual event that is being describe using Past Perfect Tense.

28. Duration before something in the
past
 We use the Past Perfect to show that something started in the past and continued up
until another action in the past.
Examples:
 We had had that car for ten years before it broke down.
 By the time Alex finished his studies, he had been in London for over eight years.
 They felt bad about selling the house because they had owned it for more than forty
years.

29. Past Continuous Tense
The structure of the past continuous tense is:
subject + auxiliary verb + main verb
conjugated in simple
past tense
present participle
Was, were base + ing

30. Look at these example sentences with the past continuous tense:
Types of
sentence
subject auxiliary
verb
main verb
+ I was watching TV.
+ You were working hard.
- He, she, it was not helping Mary.
- We were not joking.
? Were you being silly?
? Were they playing football?

31. Interrupted
action in the
past
• Past Continuous is used
to indicate that a longer
action in the past was
interrupted
• Example sentence:
I was watching TV
when she called.
specific
time as an
interuption
• Example Sentence: Last
night at 6 PM, I was
eating dinner.
Parallel
action
• expresses the idea that
both actions were
happening at the same
time in the past.
• Example Sentence:
I was studying while
he was making dinner.
Repetition
and
Irritation
with
"Always"
• expresses the idea that
something irritating or
shocking often
happened in the past.
• Example Sentence:
She was always
coming to class late.
We use Past
Continuous Tense
when describing…

32. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
The structure of the past perfect continuous tense is:
subject + auxiliary verb
HAVE
+ auxiliary verb
BE
+ main verb
conjugated in
simple past tense
past
participle
present participle
had been base + ing

33. look at these example sentences with the past perfect continuous tense:
Type Of
Sentence
subject auxiliary
verb
auxiliary
verb
main
verb
+ I had been working.
+ You had been playing tennis.
- It had not been working well.
- We had not been expectin
g
her.
? Had you been drinking?
? Had they been waiting long?

34. How do we use the Past Perfect
Continuous Tense?
The past perfect continuous tense is like the past perfect tense, but it
expresses longer actions in the past before another action in
the past. For example:
•Ram started waiting at 9am. I arrived at 11am. When I arrived,
Ram had been waiting for two hours.
Ram had been waiting for two hours when I arrived.
past present future
Ram starts waiting in past at
9am.
9 11
I arrive in past at 11am.

35. Future Tense
Future
continues
tense
Future
Tense
Future
perfect
tenses
Future
perfect
continues
tense
Simple
future
tense

36. Simple Future tense
The structure of the future simple tense is:
subject + auxiliary
verb WILL
+ main verb
invariable base
will V1

37. Example sentences with the future simple tense:
Type of
sentence
subject auxiliary
verb
main verb
+ I will open the door.
+ You will finish before me.
- She will not be at school
tomorrow.
- We will not leave yet.
? Will you arrive on time?
? Will they want dinner?

38. Future Continues Tense
subject + auxiliary
verb
WILL
+ auxiliary
verb BE
+ main verb
invariable invariable present
participle
will be base +
ing
The structure of the future continuous tense is:

39. Can be form by 2 different ways:
FORM
Future
Continuous
with "Will"
• Sentence Structure: [will
be + present participle]
• Example
Sentence:You will be
waiting for her when her
plane arrives tonight.
FORM
Future
Continuous
with "Be
Going To "
• Sentence Structure:
[am/is/are + going to be +
present participle]
• Example Sentence:
You are going to be
waiting for her when her
plane arrives tonight.
2 different form of
Future Continuous
Tense

40. When to use Future Continuous Tense???
Interupted
action in
future
• To indicate that a longer action in the future will be
interrupted by a shorter action in the future.
• can be a real interruption or just an interruption in
time.
• Example Sentence: I will be watching TV when
she arrives tonight
specific time
as interuption
in future
• at a time on future, there will be an interuption
• Example: Tonight at 6 PM, I am going to be
eating dinner.
Parallel
action in
future
• expresses the idea that both actions will be
happening at the same time.
• Example Sentece: I am going to be
studying and he is going to be
making dinner.

41. Future Perfect Tense
The structure of the future perfect tense is:
subject + auxilia
ry verb
WILL
+ auxilia
ry verb
HAVE
+ main
verb
invaria
ble
invaria
ble
past
partici
ple
will have V3

42. FORM
Future
Perfect
with "Will"
• Sentence Structure: [will
have + present participle]
• Example Sentence:
You will have
perfected your English
by the time you come
back from the U.S.
FORM
Future
Perfect
with "Be
Going To "
• Sentence Structure:
[am/is/are + going to
have + present participle]
• Example Sentence:
You are going to have
perfected your English
by the time you come
back from the U.S.
2 different form of
Future Perfect Tense

43. When to use Future Perfect Tense???
completed action
before something
in future
• To expresses the idea that something will
occur before another action in the future.
• Example Sentence: By next November, I will
have received my promotion.
duration before
something in
future
• to show that something will continue up until
another action in the future.
• Example: I will have been in London for six
months by the time I leave.

44. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
The structure of the future perfect continuous tense is:
subject + auxiliary
verb WILL
+ auxiliary verb
HAVE
+ auxiliary verb
BE
+ main verb
invariable invariable past participle present
participle
will have been base + ing

45. FORM
Future
Perfect
Continuous
with "Will"
• Sentence Structure:[will
have been + present
participle]
• Example
Sentence:You will have
been waiting for more
than two hours when her
plane finally arrives.
FORM
Future
Perfect
Continuous
with "Be
Going To "
• Sentence Structure:
[am/is/are + going to have
been + present participle]
• Example Sentence:
You are going to have
been waiting for more
than two hours when her
plane finally arrives.
2 different form of
Future Perfect
Continuous Tense

46. When to use Future Perfect Continuous
Tense?
cause of
something in
future
• Example Sentence: Jason will be tired when he gets
home because he will have been jogging for over an
hour.
duration
before
something in
future
• Use the Future Perfect Continuous to show that something will continue
up until a particular event or time in the future.
• The duration stops at or before a reference point in the future.
• Example: She is going to have been working at that company for
three years when it finally closes.

47. Exercise :
A. Complete questions 1-5 below with the appropriate tenses.
1. When Carol (call) _____ last night, I (watch) _____ my favorite show on television.
2. I (work) _____ for this company for more than thirty years, and I intend to stay here until I retire!
3. Sharon (love) _____ to travel. She (go) _____ abroad almost every summer. Next year, she plans to
go to Peru.
4. Thomas is an author. He (write) _____ mystery novels and travel memoirs. He (write) _____ since he
was twenty-eight. Altogether, he (write) _____ seven novels, three collections of short stories and a book
of poetry.
5. We were late because we had some car problems. By the time we (get) _____ to the train station,
Susan (wait) _____ for us for more than two hours

48. B. Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple
present or present progressive)
Look! Sara (go) to the movies.
On her right hand, Sara (carry) her handbag.
The handbag (be) very beautiful.
Sara usually (put) on black shoes but now she
(wear) white trainers.
And look, she (take) an umbrella because it (rain)

49. C. Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or past
perfect)
When he (wake up) , his mother (already /prepare) breakfast
We (go) to London because our friends (invite) us
He (hear) the news, (go) to the telephone and (call) a friend.
When she (start) learning English she (already /learn) French.
Jane (already / type) three pages when her computer (crash) .
By the time the doctor (arrive) at the house the patient ( die) .
Before that day we (never / think) of traveling to Japan.
I (know) him a long time before I (meet) his family.
They (not / know) where to meet because nobody (tell) them.
It (be) cloudy for days before it (begin) to rain.

50. D. Put the verbs into the correct tense (Simple Past or
Past Progressive).
The receptionist (welcome) the guests and (ask) them to fill
in the form
The car (break) down and we (have) to walk home.
The boys (swim) while the girls (sunbath) .
My father (come) in, (look) and (tell) me to tidy up my
room.
While one group (prepare) dinner the others (collect) wood
for the campfire.
While the parents (have) breakfast the children (run) about.
Martha (turn) off the light and (go) to bed.

51. E. Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple future or
future perfect)
Tomorrow I think I (start) my new project.
I (finish) it by the end of this month.
The teacher (probably/assign) a test to his students next
Monday.
He (correct) it by the end of next week.
My friend (certainly/get) a good mark.
By 9 o'clock, we (finish) our homework.
They (leave) the classroom by the end of the hour.
I think I (start) my trip tomorrow

52.  1) We __________ TV when it started to rain. (to watch)
 2) I ________ to visit you yesterday, but you ________ not at home.(to
want) (to be)
 3) Look! It ________ , so we can't ________ to the beach. (to rain) (to
go)
 4) There are a lot of clouds! It ______soon. (to rain)
 5) The sun_______ in the east. (to rise)
 6) Since 2011 they_________ their son every year. (to visit)
 7) While the doctor _________ Mr Jones, his son ________ outside this
morning. (to examine) (to wait)
 8) I ________ for my girlfriend for two hours. (to wait)
 9) After Larry ___________the film on TV, he decided to buy the
book. (to see)
 10) Wait a minute, I ___________ this box for you. (to carry)

53. THE END, THANK YOU..