The document defines and provides examples of the present perfect tense. The present perfect tense is used to talk about actions that began in the past and have relevance to the present. It discusses the forms of the present perfect tense for both verbal and nominal clauses. Examples are given for positive, negative, and question forms. Common words used with the present perfect tense are defined, including "since," "already," "ever," "for," "just," and "yet."

1. Present perfect tense
BIMA ILYAS I FADKHULI MUTHMAINNAH I HANNIN RATNA SARI I MAHMUDAH

2. Definition
Present perfect tense is talk about things that
happened at some time in the past and have a
connection to the present.

3. Function
1. Something that started in the past and is still true now
 I known my best friend since I was 14
2. Indefinite past action
 I have flown on a plane before
3. Repeated past action
 Ana has gone to park many times
4. Used in the past but has an effect on the present situation
 I have posted the letter
5. It is also used with just for recently completed action
 I have just eaten

4. Form
Verbal
Nominal
next

5. Verbal
Positive Negative Question
I
You
We
They
Have + verb3
+ o
Have not +
verb3 + o
Have + subject +
verb3 + O ?
She
He
It
Has + verb3 +
o
Has not + verb3
+ o
Has + subject +
verb3 + O ?
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6. Nominal
Positive Negative Question
I
You
We
They
Have + been +
complement
Have not + been
+ complement
Have + subject +
been +
complement ?
She
He
It
Has + been +
complement
Has not + been +
complement
Has + subject +
been +
complement ?
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7. Example
Verbal
1. Positive
He has BOUGHT a skateboard
2. Negative
He hasn’t BOUGHT a skateboard
3. Question
Has he BOUGHT a skateboard ?
Nominal
1. Positive
I has BEEN for 20 minutes
2. Negative
I hasn’t BEEN for 20 minutes
3. Question
Has I BEEN for 20 minutes ?

8. We often use the following words with the
present perfect tense.
Since
Already
Ever
For
Just
Yet

9. We often use the following words with the
present perfect tense.
Which word is followed by a certain
time in the past?
Since
 I haven’t seen Helen since last summer.
Since
Already
Ever
For
Just
Yet

10. We often use the following words with the
present perfect tense.
Which word is used in positive statements to
stress that something has happened?
Already
 Karen has already left Hong Kong.
Since
Already
Ever
For
Just
Yet

11. We often use the following words with the
present perfect tense.
Which other word is often used with the
present perfect tense in questions?
Ever
 Has he ever invited you out for lunch?
Since
Already
Ever
For
Just
Yet

12. We often use the following words with the
present perfect tense.
Which word is followed by a length of time?
For
 She hasn’t written to me for a year.
Since
Already
Ever
For
Just
Yet

13. We often use the following words with the
present perfect tense.
Which word shows that an action
was completed a short time ago?
Just
 They have just finished the project.
Since
Already
Ever
For
Just
Yet

14. We often use the following words with the
present perfect tense.
Which word is often used with negative statements and
questions when the action has happened already or
we expect it to happen soon?
Yet
 I haven’t had lunch yet.
Since
Already
Ever
For
Just
Yet