This document discusses different types of splints and traction used for immobilizing fractures. It describes ladder splints, Thomas splints, and Bohler's modification of the Braun splint. Thomas splints consist of a ring, medial bar, and lateral bar and are used to immobilize the lower limb. Bohler's modification uses pulleys to allow changing the angle of traction without adjusting the traction arrangement. The document also covers skin traction versus skeletal traction, application sites for each, and risks associated with traction use.
2. Any material used to support a fracture is
known as splint.
Unconventional.
Conventional.
3. Temporary immobilization of sprains,
fractures, and reduced dislocations
Control of pain
Prevention of further soft tissue or
neurovascular injuries
4.
5. Ladder splint.
Used for temporary splintage of fractures
during transportation.
Made of 2 thick parallel wires with
interlacing wires.
Can be bent into different shapes.
6. Thomas splint.
Devised by Hugh. Owen Thomas.
Initially used for immobilisation for
tuberculosis of the knee.
7. PARTS OF THOMAS SPLINT
Consist of:
Ring
Medial bar
Lateral bar
25. Splint should be properly applied, well padded at
bony prominences and at the fracture sites
Bandage of the splint shouldn’t be too tight nor
too loose.
Patient should be encouraged to actively exercise
the muscles and the joints inside the splint as much
as permitted.
Any compression of nerve or vessel should be
detected early and managed accordingly.
Daily checking and adjustments should be made.
26. Traction is a method of restoring
alignment to a fracture through gradual
neutralisation of muscular forces.
27. USES
a) Reduction of fractures and dislocations.
b) Immobilising painful and inflamed joint.
c) Preventing deformities.
d) Correction of soft tissue contractures.
28. FIXED TRACTION
Counter-traction is provided by a part of the
body.
SLIDING TRACTION
Weight of the body under influence of
gravity provides counter-traction.
36. Olecranon
Greater trochanter
Lower end of femur
Upper end of tibia
Lower end f tibia
Calcaneum
37. SKIN TRACTION SKELETAL
TRACTION
AGE Children Adults
APPLIED WITH Adhesive plaster Pin,wire
APPLIED Skin Bone
SITE Below knee Upper tibial pin
traction
Wt.PERMITTED 3-4 kg 20kg
DURATION Short long
38. Over distraction
Loss of position
Pressure sores
Pin track infection
Injury to vessels or nerves
39. a. Traction should be made comfortable.
b. Proper functioning of traction unit must
be ensured.
c. Sensations over toes and fingers should
be normal.
d. Proper position of fracture ensured by
taking check xrays in traction.
e. Physiotherapy of limb should be
continued to minimise muscle wasting.