This document provides information on assisting with the application and removal of plaster casts. It defines casts and slabs, describes their purposes and types. The key steps of the application process are outlined, including preparing the patient and materials, applying the cast correctly in layers, and ensuring proper positioning afterwards. Potential complications are listed. The purpose and process of cast removal is also defined, including the use of tools like scissors, vibrators and dilators to carefully cut and remove the cast.
it explain about introduction, definition, purpose of applying cast, indcation, type of cast, procedure of application and removal of plaster and management.
if you like this kindly give your comment and share to others for a education purpose. and follow to my account on slide share to know the update. i tried to give the all information in this slide in detailed. in hope its helpful for you all.
it explain about introduction, definition, purpose of applying cast, indcation, type of cast, procedure of application and removal of plaster and management.
if you like this kindly give your comment and share to others for a education purpose. and follow to my account on slide share to know the update. i tried to give the all information in this slide in detailed. in hope its helpful for you all.
This slide includes general principles of fracture management. This is just a basic idea. I have tried to include figures as well as videos. But unfortunately videos wont play here.
CARE OF CLIENTS WITH CAST AND SPLINTS
A cast is a rigid, temporary, immobilizing and protective external device made of layers of plasters or fiberglass material (synthetic material) moulded to the body parts that it encases.
PURPOSES: To immobilize, support and protect the fractured extremity.
To correct and prevent deformities
To stabilize weakened joints
To apply uniform compression to soft tissues of an amputated extremity.
To promote healing process
To prevent injury in case of osteomyelitis
To promote early mobilization.
SPLINTS
Application of an immobilizing devices to stabilize a broken bone or injured body part from moving and to protect it from further damage to body.
Casting Technique and Modification process of Hip Disarticulation.pptxRishiRajgude
Casting techniques for hip disarticulation prosthetics are crucial for ensuring a comfortable and functional fit for the prosthesis. Some common methods include:
Total Suspension Casting: This method involves suspending the patient to create a mold that accurately captures the shape of the body where the prosthesis will be attached1.
Forming Blocks: This technique uses blocks to form the shape of the prosthesis around the patient’s body, marking key anatomical points like the iliac crests and pubis2.
Anatomical Compression Contour Method: Developed by Bobby Latham, CP, and Alex Hedquist, CPO, this method focuses on creating a contour that fits the anatomy of the patient3.
Each of these techniques has its own advantages and is chosen based on the individual needs of the patient, the type of prosthesis being fitted, and the expertise of the prosthetist. For more detailed information, you can refer to this Presentation.
Cast and immobilization techniques in orthopaedics by Dr O.O. AfuyeAlade Olubunmi
Cast, similar in function to splints are used to immobilize broken bones. The principles of its application and cast care most be followed for effectiveness.
The BANDAGING for First Aid Provider and Health care PersonelSankappa Gulaganji
BANDAGING
Dr. Sankappa Gulaganji
Associate Professor
BLDEA’s Shri B M Patil Institute of Nursing Sciences, Vijayapur
Definition
A strip of material used mainly to support and immobilize a part of the body. Definition of a bandage. And used
To support - fractured bone
To immobilize – Dislocated shoulder/Jaw
To apply pressure – Stop bleeding & Improve venous blood flow.
To secure a dressing in place.
To retain splints in place.
TYPES OF BANDAGING
Crepe bandages: Crepe bandages, commonly made of cotton, are a woven, elasticated bandage. Crepe bandages are ideal to support the healing of sprains and strains, as they provide good compression to injured areas, as per the PRICE method, but as they’re elastic they don’t prevent joints or muscles from flexing. Washable & Reusable
Conforming bandages: Conforming bandages are very stretchy and, as their name suggests, conform closely to the body’s contours. These bandages are ideal for securing dressings in place, particularly on limbs. These bandages are lightweight, fray-resistant and breathable. These are usually made with synthetic materials.
PRICE Method
Cohesive bandages (adhesive): Cohesive bandages are designed to stick to themselves, but not to skin or hair. This makes cohesive bandages quick and easy to apply and remove, not requiring any tape or pins to hold them in place. These bandages can be used both for holding wound dressings in place and for supporting and providing compression to injured muscles or joints.
Open wove bandages(cotton/Gauze): Unlike other kinds of bandage, these bandages are non-elastic, and can be used to hold dressings in place without constricting or pressuring the wound. This does however make them unsuitable for PRICE therapy. Their loose weave allows good ventilation, helping the skin to breathe and avoiding infection.
Plaster of paris: These bandages are used for creating casts to provide rigid immobilisation of fractured or broken limbs. Impregnated with Plaster of Paris (calcined gypsum), once immersed in water, these bandages can be moulded to the limb. The bandages then set fast into a strong, solid cast. These bandages should only be applied by medical professionals.
Triangular bandage:
Method of Applying Bandages
Circular
Spiral
Reverse Spiral
Figure of Eight
Principles for Applying Bandages
Wash hands
Give victim comfortable position on bed or chair and support the body part to be bandaged.
Always stand in front of the part to be bandaged except when applying bandages to head, eye and ear.
Be sure the bandages is rolled firm.
Make sure the body part to be bandaged is clean and dry.
Assess skin before applying bandage for any break down.
Observe circulation by noting pulse, surface temperature, skin color and sensation of the body part to be wrapped.
Always start bandaging from inner to outer aspect and far to near end.
When bandaging a joint ensures flexibility of the joint.
Always start and end two circular turns.
Cover the area
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
2. INTRODUCTION OF ASSIST IN
APPLICATION OF CAST/SLAB
• These procedures are being done to immobilize the
injured injured part in the conditions or problems
like soft tissue injury , fracture, weakened bone, etc.
• For this procedure cast/slab can be made from POP
or fiber glass can be used.
3. DEFINITION OF CAST & SLAB
• A plaster cast / fiber glass cast is a rigid
immobilizing device that is moulded to
countour of body to encase an injured part.
4. • A POP slab / fiber glass slab can be applied firstly for
temporary period while waiting for definitive
treatment or it could be definitive treatment in itself.
5. PURPOSE OF CAST / SLAB
FOR SLAB:
• Applied as first treatment to immobilize the bone or
joints.
• Acts as a splint, to apply pressure on bone.
• To correct further complications.
• To observe signs & symptoms after application
(minimum one week after making cast).
6. FOR CAST:
• Applied after slab, means (full observation of injured
part).
• To immobilize the body part in specific position.
• To apply uniform pressure on bone.
• To provide support / stability for weakened joints.
• To prevent micro-movements in joints, bone fracture.
7. INDICATIONS FOR CAST / SLAB
• Bone fracture / dislocation.
• Soft tissue injury.
• Bone weakness.
• Ligaments injury.
• Joint swelling due to disease.
• Nerve, tendon or vessel repair.
• Congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV) or clubfoot.
• Achilles / calcaneus tendon (its tear, rupture or
inflammation).
8. TYPES OF CAST /SLAB
1. Upper extremity:
1) Long arm cast:
(A/E cast)
It is applied to arm
from the hand to
about lower two
thirds of arm till the
level below arm pit,
leaving fingers &
thumb free.
9. 2) Short arm cast : (wrist
plaster)
It is just below the
elbow.
10. 3) Arm cylinder cast:
It covers upper and
lower arm & elbow,
but leave wrist & hand
free.
11. 2. Lower extremity :
1) Short leg cast :
(B/K cast)
it include the encasing
of foot, ankle and lower
leg ending below knee
12. 2) Long leg cast :
(A/K cast)
it includes the encasing
of foot and leg to the
hip.
13. 2) Leg cylindrical cast :
(used in knee injuries)
It is similar to long leg
cast but in some cases
it may end just above
the ankles.
14. 3. Hip Spica:
It include the
trunk of body
and one or more
legs. It is
extended till
navel (hollow
area) in trunk.
It is of three
types:
15. 4. Shoulder spica:
In this the trunk is
covered from shoulder
of the involved side
(other side is below
arm pit), to ileac crest
and involved limb is
covered till wrist or
hand.
16. 5. Finger or thumb
spica:
It includes long arm
cast and short arm cast
covering thumb or
fingers
17. 6. Body cast / plaster jacket:
(Rarely used)
(In spinal problem)
An encasement or covering for trunk, especially
thorax.
In this cast the anterior thorax and anterior
abdomen area is remained open.
18. 7. Minerva cast /
Minerva jacket:
(Rarely used)
It is applied to trunk
and head , with spaces
cut out for face and
ears.
It extends from
sternum and distal rib
border anteriorly &
across the distal rib
border posteriorly
19. 8. Bivalve cast:
A cast cutted into two
halves
When frequent
inspection is needed.
20. ARTICLES REQUIRED FOR
APPLICATION OF CAST
A TRAY CONTAINING RATIONALE QUANTITY
POP bandages / fiber glass
bandages
To make cast 1 or 2
Stockinet To cover skin before cast 1
Cotton roll (generally used) To cover the body part 1 or 2
Soft cotton roll
(medicated with glycerin)
To cover or to prevent allergy 1 or 2
Cotton bandage To dress the part 1
Scissor To cut the bandage 1
Short trimming knife To remove hairs before cast 1
Mackintosh To protect bed sheet 1 or 2
Plastic apron / gown To protect ourselves 1
Gloves To protect hands from POP 2
Bowel with lupe warm water To rinse the POP bandage 1
Fracture table To support extremity 1
Measuring tape To measure the part 1
25. PROCEDURE FOR APPLICATION OF
CAST
• Assess client’s health status (not be diabetic /
malnourished).
• Explain the procedure to client and start IV line as
advised.
• Immobilize the part by applying splint to affected
part and provide position on bed.
• Assess the affected part for rashes , breakdown and
bruising.
• Provide skin care before the cast / slab application (if
it is open/ compound fracture then prepare client for
surgery).
26. • Determine client’s pain status (provide analgesics 20-
30 minutes before as advised).
• Arrange the articles.
• Place the mackintosh.
• Prepare the client by removing splint & positioning
the body part on bed or fracture table as required.
• Wash hands and don gloves.
• Part preparation.
• Apply glycerin to prevent swelling , lactamine lotion
to prevent allergy, apply betadine gauze piece if any
wound , and cover or apply stockinet over the part to
be casted.
27. • Wrap the part to be casted by the cotton roll or by
using soft cotton (anti-allergic),
• In case of Slab, prepare the POP bandage by
measuring the size to be casted (measuring tape),
and then that measured POP bandage is then placed
again and again onto each layer (in S-shape manner)
of POP (15 layers minimum). then dip it into lupe
warm water.
• In case of cast, dip the rolled POP bandage into lupe
warm water.
• Then in both cases (cast or slab) wait till bubbles stop
coming out of bandage (it takes 15- 20 seconds).
28. • Take it out of the warm water and squeeze the POP
bandage gently (don’t apply more pressure).
• Rule of thumb for plaster application blocks a joint
above and below the fracture, to prevent
mobilization.
• Hold the part to be casted by application of force as
required onto opposite side.
• In case of slab apply measured POP bandage onto
affected part posteriorly , then wrap it around by
wet cotton bandages.
• In case of cast apply rolled dipped POP bandage onto
the affected part to be casted , if required then take
another POP bandage to complete the cast.
29. • If fiberglass cast /slab is applied then open the
packing and apply the rolled bandage over the part
to be casted by wrapping it as in POP cast and make
layers and apply in case of slab making.
• Continue apply the force on opposite side of affected
part by pulling it.
• Both ends of stockinet sleeve may be folded back
over the cast padding to give attractive ending to
cast.
• Wait till the time it hardens. (fiberglass takes less
time to fix).
(handle the damped plaster cast with only palm of
hand not the fingers)
30. • If the cast/slab/fiberglass become harden then tell
the assistants to leave the pressure on to cast area.
• Position the casted part by placing a pillow under it
to elevate the part.
• Remove gloves and replace articles.
• The cast /slab should not be to much hard that it can
decrease the blood supply to affected part. So ask
client to move his /her fingers to confirm the
sensation or control.
• Record application of cast and condition of skin &
circulation.
• Record the client’s ability to perform ADL’s.
31. COMPLICATION OF THE CAST/ SLAB
• Impaired blood flow
• Nerve damage
• Tissue necrosis and infection
• Cast syndrome (nausea, vomiting & abd. distension).
• Complications due to immobility including joint
stiffness, foot drop, decubitus ulcers, depression,
insomnia, etc..
• Medical complications including phlebothrombosis,
pulmonary Embolism, wound enfection, etc..
33. INTRODUCTION OF ASSIST IN
REMOVAL OF CAST/SLAB
• Removal of slab is being done after complete
observation of body part for any complication for
minimum 1 week after (1 month or 45 days after).
• Cast is being removed after the joining of the
fractured bone (confirming by X-ray exma.)
34. DEFINITION
• The removal of cast / slab is a procedure that is done
by qualified and experienced medical personnel
involving different methods of cast removal.
35. PURPOSE OF CAST/SLAB REMOVAL
• Slab is removed to apply cast for further treatment.
• Cast is removed when there is sign of full recovery or
completion of time duration as advised by Doctor.
• To prevent or treat any complication the cast is
removed.
36. ARTICLES REQUIRED FOR CAST/SLAB
REMOVAL
NAME OF ARTICLE RATIONALE QUANTITY
Mackintosh To prevent soiling of bed sheet 1
Clean gloves To protect our hands 1
Water in bucket To dissolve cast 1
Plaster cutter scissors To cut the plaster 1
Vibrator To cut plaster by vibrations 1
Dilator To dilate the cutted cast 1
Sand bags To hold body part 2-3
Handle blade To erode or cut the cast 1
43. PROCEDURE FOR CAST/SLAB
REMOVAL
• Assess the patient’s condition.
• Explain the procedure to patient.
• Provide the proper position to patient as required
(sitting or lateral), and place the sandbags as
required.
• Spread the mackintosh over the bed .
• Arrange all articles as needed.
• Don gloves and start the procedure.
• Place the casted part into the water bucket, this
helps in dissolving and softening the POP bandage.
44. • If you are using plaster cutter scissor to cut the POP
cast/slab or fiber glass cast/slab.
– In this one blade is placed inside the cast under the
padding wool and another blade over the cast,
– then start cutting the plaster slowly slowly , the handle
should be in parallel to the skin position.
– After each cut the blade should be realigned before next
cut is made.
– Never try to cut round corners.
– Always remove the blades and cut from opposite side end
of line.
45. • If you are using the vibrator to remove POP or
fiberglass cast/slab:
– first mark the area line by which you have to make cut ,
– then apply vibrator over the marked line and start it ,
– and change the placement of vibrator according to marked
lines.
– After the cut has been made then use dilator to dilate the
cast and easily remove it out.
• Remove the gloves, replace the articles.
• Remove the stockinet and examine the skin condition
(any trauma due to cast removal).
46. • Wash and dry the part , massage with oil or cream to
restore normal elasticity.
• If there is edema then apply crepe bandage as
advised.
47. REFERENCES
• Annamma Jacob, Rekha R, A textbook of Clinical
Nursing Procedures: The art of Nursing practice, 1st
Edition, Published by Jaypee Publication ,2007.
• http://www.boneandspine.com/removal-of-plaster-
• http://www.m.healthkids.org/en/parents/cast-
removal-
• http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ortho..//-