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Speech disorders
This document discusses different types of speech disorders including aphasia, dysphonia, dysarthria, and others. It provides details on aphasia including the major divisions of fluent and non-fluent aphasia. Specific types of aphasia like Wernicke's, Broca's, conduction, and global aphasia are explained. The document also covers dysarthria and dysphonia as well as other miscellaneous speech disorders.
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Speech disorders
- 1. SPEECH DISORDERS Page 1
- 2. TYPES OF SPEECH DISORDERS APHASIA DYSPHONIA DYSARTHRIA FUNCTIONAL/PSYCHOGENIC MISCELLANEOUS Page 2
- 3. PROCESS OF ABNORMALITIES SPEECH HEARING DEAFNESS UNDERSTANDING APHASIA THOUGHT & APHASIA WORD PROCESSING DYSPHONIA VOICE PRODUCTION DYSARTHRIA ARTICULATION Page 3
- 4. APHASIA • Aphasia isdefined as an acquired impairment in the use of language due to damage to certain parts of the brain • This damage could be caused by injury, stroke, or seizures • The language deficits include difficulties in language comprehension and execution Page 4
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- 6. MAJOR DIVISIONS OF APHASIA • Fluent aphasias/Receptive aphasia – The inability to understand the language of others and the production of less meaningful speech then normal. eg; wernicke”s, transcortical sensory,conduction,anomic • Non-fluent aphasias/expressive aphasia – Difficulty producing fluent, articulated, or self-initiated speech.eg; Broca”s, transcortical motor,global • Pure aphasia – are selective impairments in reading, writing, or the recognition of words. These disorders may be quite selective. For example, a person is able to read but not write, or is able to write but not read. Examples of pure aphasias are – : Pure Alexia, Agraphia,Pure word deafness Page 6
- 7. Types of FluentAphasias • Wernicke’s aphasia – People with this type of aphasia- JARGON APHASIA, have difficulty or inability understanding others speech, and produce meaningless speech – FLUENT,VOLUMINOUS SPEECH – NEOLOGISMS – SYMANTIC-”sister for mother” – Insight is ABSENT – produced by damage to Wernicke’s area of the brain-division of middle cerebral artery Page 7
- 8. WERNICKE”S APHASIA Page 8
- 9. More Types ofFluent Aphasia • Conduction aphasia – The main symptom of this type of aphasia is difficulty repeating something someone has just said – FLUENT SPEECH, but paraphasic – COMPREHENSION INTACT.. – REPETITION,NAMING,WRITING IMPAIRED – FILLED PAUSES-Aaaa….Aaaaa – damage to the ARCUATE FASICULUS Page 9
- 10. More Types ofFluent Aphasia • Anomic aphasia/minimal dysfunction syndrome/nominal aphasia – This aphasia is characterized by difficulty finding names and difficulty substituting indefinite nouns and pronouns with substantive words. For instance, people with this affliction will use words like, thing, stuff, or it instead of automobiles, groceries, or furniture. – Primary deficit is WORD FINDING AND NAMING – SINGLE MOST COMMON LANGUAGE DISTURBANCE IN HEAD TRAUMA AND ALZHEIMER”S D/S Page 10
- 11. FLUENT TRANSCORTICAL/ TRANSCORTICAL SENSORY APHASIA • Similar to WERNICKE”S APHASIA but REPETITION IS INTACT • They can repeat but cant understand it Page 11
- 12. Non-Fluent Aphasias • Broca’saphasia – This type of aphasia manifests with difficulties initiating well-articulated conversational speech – NON FLUENT, EFFORTFUL,slow, labored, and agrammatical speech, which means words like a, an, or the and verb tense is left out of their speech…incomplete speech – Insight is PRESENT – Additional defects? – damage to Broca’s area of the brain..superior div. of middle cerebral artery Page 12
- 13. BROCA”S APHASIA Page 13
- 14. More Types ofNon-Fluent Aphasia’s – Transcortical motor aphasia – Similar to BROCA”S APHASIA but REPETITION is INTACT – People with this aphasia do not speak unless they are strongly encouraged to do so and when they do speak it is labored and non-fluent – damage to the premotor cortex anterior and superior to Broca’s area… anterior cerebral artery Page 14
- 15. More Types ofNon-Fluent Aphasia’s • Global aphasia – As the name suggests, this type of aphasia is characterized by a severe depression of all language functioning – NON FLUENT, naming, repetition, comprehension all impaired – damage around and to Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas of the brain …entire middle cerebral artery Page 15
- 16. Other Interesting FactsAbout Aphasia The handwriting of a person with an aphasia reflects their speech impediment. There was an experiment done where people with Broca’s and Wernicke’s aphasias were presented with a picture and then asked to write down a description of what they say in the picture. Page 16
- 17. This is thepicture Page 17
- 18. A patient withBroca’s aphasia wrote this Notice the use of very few words, but the words do make some sense Page 18
- 19. A patient withWernicke’s aphasia wrote this Notice here that there are many, less forced, words, but they don’t make much sense. Also because they’re not struggling to find their words, the handwriting is better Page 19
- 20. Type of aphasiaRepetition Naming Auditory Fluency comprehension Wernicke’s mild– fluent mild–mod defective aphaia severe paraphasic Conduction poor poor relatively good fluent aphasia Nominal or mod– mild mild fluent Anomic aphasia severe non-fluent, mod– Broca’s aphasia mod–severe mild difficulty effortful, severe slow Global aphasia poor poor poor non-fluent Page 20
- 21. DYSARTHRIA • Is dueto defect IN ARTICULATION. • LANGUAGE CONTENT IS NORMAL • TYPES- 4 Page 21
- 22. TYPES OF DYSARTHRIA TYPE SITE CHARACTERISTICS MYOPATHIC MUSCLES OF SPEECH MYASTHENIC MOTOR ENDPLATE BULBAR BRAINSTEM{LMN} INDISTINCT,NASAL SLURRING,SING-SONG SCANNING CEREBELLUM QUALITY SPASTIC/ PYRAMIDAL TRACTS INDISTINCT/ PSEUDOBULBAR {UMN} BREATHY,MUMBLING PARKINSONIAN BASAL GANGLIA STAMMERING DYSTONIC BASAL GANGLIA Page 22
- 23. DYSPHONIA • Is dueto defect in the production of sound CAUSES 1) Laryngeal diseases-eg;laryngitis 2) Vocal cord lesions 3) Xth cranial nerve palsy 4) hysterical Page 23
- 24. OTHERS 1) Cluttering 2) Stammering 3) Dysprosody-in parkinsonian disease 4) Scanning 5) Staccato-each syllable is uttered seperately Page 24
- 25. THANK YOU!!!! Page 25