This document defines and classifies different types of speech disorders, including stuttering, cluttering, dysprosody, muteness, articulation disorders, phonemic disorders, voice disorders, dysarthria, and apraxia. It lists various causes of speech disorders such as hearing loss, neurological disorders, brain injury, and physical impairments. Speech therapy is identified as the primary treatment, with the speech language pathologist using language intervention activities, articulation exercises, and oral-motor exercises to help patients improve their speech.

1. Speech defects

2. Definition
• Speech disorders or speech impediments are
a type of communication disorders where
'normal' speech is disrupted.

3. Classification
Stuttering
Cluttering
Dysprosody
Muteness
Speech sound disorders
-Articulation disorders /
phonetic disorders
-Phonemic disorders
Voice disorders
Dysarthria
Apraxia

4. Terminologies
• Dysprosody: is characterized by alterations in
intensity, in the timing of utterance
segments, and in rhythm, cadence, and
intonation of words.
• Muteness: is complete inability to speak.
• Articulation disorders: are characterized by
difficulty learning to produce sounds
physically.

5. • Phonemic disorders: are characterized by difficulty in
learning the sound distinctions of a language, so that
one sound may be used in place of many.
• Voice disorders: are impairments, often physical, that
involve the function of the larynx or vocal resonance.
• Dysarthria: is a weakness or paralysis of speech
muscles caused by damage to the nerves and/or
brain.
• Apraxia: of speech may result from stroke or be
developmental, and involves inconsistent production
of speech sounds and rearranging of sounds in a
word ("potato" may become "topato" and next
"totapo").

6. Causes
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Unknown
Hearing Loss,
Neurological Disorders,
Brain Injury,
Mental Retardation,
Drug Abuse,
Physical Impairments: Cleft Lip And Palate,
Vocal Abuse Or Misuse.

7. Treatment
• Speech therapy

8. Speech therapy / Speech Language
therapy
• In speech language therapy, an sleep language
pathologist (SLP) will work with a child one on
one, in a small group, or directly on a
classroom to overcome difficulties involved
with a specific disorder.

9. Indications
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Hearing impairment
Cognitive or developmental delays
Weak oral muscles
Excessive drooling
Chronic hoarseness
Birth defects such as CL/CP
Autism
Motor planning problems
Respiratory problems
Feeding and swallowing disorders
Traumatic brain injury

10. Strategies used
1. Language intervention activities:
– A SLP will interact with a child by playing and
talking, using pictures, books, objects or ongoing
events to stimulate language development. The
therapist model correct pronunciation & use
repetition exercises to build speech and language
skills.

11. 2. Articulation therapy
- Articulation exercises involve having the therapist
model correct sounds and syllables for a
child, often during play activities. The level of
play is age appropriate and related to the childs
specific needs

12. 3. Oral-motor / feeding and swallowing
therapy
- The SLP will use a variety of oral exercisesincluding facial massage and various
tongue, lip and jaw exercises to strengthen
the muscles of the mouth.

13. Thank you