Ototoxicity refers to ear poisoning caused by exposure to certain drugs or chemicals that damage the inner ear or auditory nerve. Common causes of ototoxicity include aminoglycoside antibiotics, loop diuretics, anti-malarials, and some cancer drugs. Symptoms range from mild tinnitus to total hearing loss. Diagnosis involves evaluating a patient's history of ototoxin exposure and conducting tests like electrocochleography and electronystagmography. Management focuses on discontinuing the ototoxic drug, treating any hearing or balance problems, and limiting future use of ototoxic medications.
Ototoxicity is, quite simply, ear poisoning (oto = ear, toxicity = poisoning), which results from exposure to drugs or chemicals that damage the inner ear or the vestibulo-cochlear nerve (the nerve sending balance and hearing information from the inner ear to the brain).
Ototoxicity is, quite simply, ear poisoning (oto = ear, toxicity = poisoning), which results from exposure to drugs or chemicals that damage the inner ear or the vestibulo-cochlear nerve (the nerve sending balance and hearing information from the inner ear to the brain).
meniere disease is the inner ear condition which affect the patient haring and balance this ppt can help the nurses to take care of the patient affected with this disease and can be used as a study material for their examination
meniere disease is the inner ear condition which affect the patient haring and balance this ppt can help the nurses to take care of the patient affected with this disease and can be used as a study material for their examination
Hearing loss is one of the most frequent sensory deficient in human population. It affects more than 360 million people.
Consequences of hearing impairment include reduced ability to communicate, economic and educational disadvantage, social isolation and stigmatization.
we will talk also about the common types & causes of hearing loss and the possible applicable methods to treat these conditions.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
2. INTRODUCTION
• Ototoxicity is quite simply, ear poisoning.
• (Oto= ear, toxicity= poisoning), which results from
exposure to drugs or chemicals that damage the inner
ear or the vestibulo-cochlear nerve (the nerve sending
balance and hearing information from the inner ear to
the brain).
4. CAUSES
# Ototoxic drugs :
• Quinine and salicylates: Tinnitus and hearing loss may occur
due to effect of this drugs.
• Aminoglycosides: destroy the hair cells in the organ of corti.
• Loop diuretics: Permanent sensori neural hearing loss.
• Antiepileptics: Vestibular disorder.
• Betablockers: Deafness.
• Antimalarial.
• Anticancer drugs.
• Analgesics.
• Topical drugs.
5. Aminoglycosides
-
-
-
-
-
Streptomycin, Gentamicin, Tobramycin, Neomyc
in and Kanamycin.
Cochlear toxicity:
Neomycin, Kanamycin, Amikacin.
Vestibular toxicity: Gentamicin, Streptomycin
Pathogenesis: Selectively destroy outer hair
cells, they even destroy inner hair cells.
Symptoms: hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo
7. +
-
Diuretics
-
-
-
-
Furosemide and Ethacrynic acid (loop diuretics)
Known to cause edema and cystic changes in
stria vascularis of cochlear duct.
The edema is caused due to blockage of Na &
Cl ions transport.
Effect: mostly reversible but permanent damage
may occur.
8. Antimalarials
-
-
-
-
Quinine & Chloroquine
Ototoxic effect is due to vasoconstriction in the
small vessels of the cochlea and stria vascularis.
The effect is reversible which generally appears
on prolonged medication, but deafness is
permanent with chloroquine.
Congenital deafness and hypoplasia of cochlea
have been reported in children whose mothers
received these drugs during pregnancy(1
trimester).
st
10. Analgesics
-
-
-
-
-
NSAIDS like Salicylates, Indomethacin, Phenyl
butazone, Ibuprofen.
Ototoxic effect is reversible and is due to
interference at enzymatic level.
No structural damage hence normal
histology(no hair cell loss)
Site of lesion testing indicates cochlear
involvement.
Symptoms: tinnitus and b/l hearing loss
particularly affecting higher frequencies.
11. Topical drugs
-
-
Topical ear drops used in the treatment of otitis
externa may be absorbed from the round and
oval windows into the fluids of inner ear leading
to ototoxicity.
Chlorhexidine which was used in the
preparartion of ear canal before surgery has also
been blamed for such deafness.
12. High risk groups
-
-
-
-
-
Patients having impaired renal function.
Elderly patients(age above 65 yrs).
Patients simultaneously receiving other ototoxic
drugs [aminoglycosides when concomitantly
used with diuretics have synergistic ototoxicity].
Patients who have genetic susceptibility to these
group of drugs.
Patients under prolonged treatment.
13. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
• The signs and symptoms range from mild tinnitus to
total hearing loss, depending upon each person, and the
form and level of exposure to the ototoxin.
• They can include one sided or two sided hearing loss
and constant or fluctuating tinnitus.
• High pitched tinnitus is often the earliest symptoms.
• Sensorineural deafness.
• Vertigo
14. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
• The diagnosis is based upon the patients history, symptoms and
test results.
• There is no specific test for ototoxicity; this makes a positive
history for ototoxin exposure crucial to the diagnosis.
• Electrocochleography (abbreviated ECochG or ECOG) is a
technique of recording electrical potentials generated in
the inner ear and auditory nerve in response to sound
stimulation, using an electrode placed in the ear canal or
tympanic membrane.
15. • Electronystagmography (ENG) is a diagnostic test to
record involuntary movements of the eye caused by a
condition known as nystagmus. It can also be used to
diagnose the cause of vertigo, dizziness or balance
dysfunction by testing the vestibular system.
• Monitoring drug concentrations in the body.
• BERA ( Brain stem evoked response audiometry): is an
non-invasive method of hearing assessment which
detects electrical activity from the inner ear to the
inferior colliculus.
16. Management
-
-
-
-
Early recognition and discontinuation of drugs.
Hearing aid in cases of severe hearing loss.
Tinnitus treated by mild hypnotics.
Disequilibrium should be treated with
reassurance and regular physiotherapy including
vestibular exercises, wearing of soft thick padded
shoes, avoidance of walking in darkness and
unnecessary head movement.
17. • Limit use of ototoxic drugs.
• Periodic ophthalmic/ audiometric
examination
• Treat the underlying causes