This document summarizes key concepts about social change and modernization from a sociology course. It defines social change as community responses that address social problems by transforming culture and institutions over time. It discusses Max Weber's view that social change stems from new ideas. Important causes of change include inventions, discoveries, and the diffusion of ideas between societies. Social movements are classified based on who and how much change they seek. Modernization describes the transformation of traditional societies through economic development and changes to social, political, and cultural structures, characterized by declining communities, expanded personal choice, a future orientation, and replacing tradition with rational thinking.