This document discusses modernization and social change, providing definitions and characteristics of each. It addresses that modernization is a multifaceted process involving changes across all areas of human life that began with the industrial revolution. Social change refers to variations in social relationships, interactions, and organizations over time. While modernization and social change impact societies globally, achieving consensus on shared human values can guide modernization in a way that respects both developed and developing communities.

1.  MEANING OF MODERNIZATION
 DEFINITION OF MODERNIZATION
 CHARACTERISTICS OF MODERNIZATION
MEANING OF SOCIAL CHANGE
 DEFINITION OF SOCIAL CHANGE
 CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL CHANGE
 ABOUT THE TOPIC
 CONCLUSION
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

2.  One time historical process started by the
industrial revolution of England and
political revolution in France.
 Occurred in the west through the twin processes of
commercialization and industrialization.
 The process of modernization is global in character.
 The heterogeneous meanings to the concept is due to
wide range of interest, level of abstraction and degree of
attentiveness to definitional problems.

3.  According to Huntington, modernization is a
multifaceted process involving changes in all
areas of human thought and activity.
 Wilbert E Moore defines modernization as the total
transformation of a traditional or pre-modern
society into the types of technology and
associated social organization that characterize
the advanced, economically prosperous and relatively
politically stable nations of the western world.
 According to Neit J. Smelser, the term
modernization refers to the fact that technical, economic
and ecological change ramify through the whole social and
cultural fabric.

4.  Differentiation and social mobilization.
 Involves structural differentiation.
 Implies the process in which major cluster of old social,
economic and psychological commencements are eroded.
 Is characterized by mass communications, literacy and
education.
 It includes the intense application of scientific technology
and inanimate sources of energy high specialization of
labour and interdependence of impersonal market, large
- scale financing and concentration of economic decision
- making and raising level of material well – being etc.

5.  Substitution of inanimate power like steam, electricity or
atomic for human and animal power as the basis of
production, distribution; transport and communication,
separation of economic activities from the traditional
settings, increasing replacement by machine and
technology.
 Highly differentiated and functionally specified system.
 High degree of integration.
 Widespread and effective sense of popular identification.
 Widespread popular-interest and involvement.
 Diversified educational services .

6.  It refers to the modifications which take place
in life pattern of people.
 It refers to observable differences in any social
phenomena over any period of time.
 It is the change in social relationships (social processes,
social patterns and social interactions).
 It describes variations of any aspect of social processes,
social patterns, social interactions or social organization.

7.  According to Jones “social change is a term
used to describe variations in social
relationships. “
 According to Kingsley “social change is meant
only such alternations as occur in social
organization.”
 According to Maclver and Page “social change
refers to a process responsive to many types of
changes.”

8.  According to Morris Ginsberg “social change is
change in social structure.”
 According to P Fairchild “social change is
variations or modifications in any aspects of
social process, pattern or form.
 According to H. M. Johnson “social change is
either change in the structure or quasi-structural
aspects of a system of change in the relative
importance of coexisting structural pattern.”

9.  It is used to describe variation in social
interactions, processes and social organizations.
 It occurs in all societies and at all times.
 It is natural, unavoidable and unchangeable law.
 It does not attach any value judgment.
 It is neither moral nor immoral, it is amoral.
 It is temporal.
 The rate, tempo, speed and extent is not uniform.
 Any prediction on exact forms is difficult to
make.
 It is the consequence of a number of factors.

10.  It is considered as modifications or replacements.
 The conceptualization of the magnitude of change
involves the next attribute of change, the time span.
 It may occur in the natural course or it is done by man
deliberately.

11.  The Western model reconsidered

12.  Transformation

13.  Empathy

14.  The want-get ratio

15.  Public opinion

16. Modernization, now occurring on an interactive global
scale, will point the way to a future modernity in the
measure that advanced and backward, developed and
underdeveloped, societies arrive at an understanding of
what they have in common. This achievement of consensus
on the values of a commonwealth of human dignity will
provide the ultimate motor of modernization-for those who
think they are, as for those who wish to be, modern.

17.  Barker, Ernest (1937) 1944 The Development of Public Services in Western
Europe: 1660–1930. New York and London: Oxford Univ. Press. → First published
as “The Development of Administration, Taxation, Social Services and
Education” in Edward Eyre (editor), European Civilization, Its Origin and
Development.
 Bendix, Reinhard 1961 Social Stratification and the Political Community.
Archives européennes de sociologie 1:181–210.
 Black, Cyril E. 1962 Political Modernization in Russia and China. Pages 3–18 in
International Conference on Sino-Soviet Bloc Affairs, 3d, Lake Kawaguchi, 1960,
Unity and Contradiction: Major Aspects of Sino-Soviet Relations. Edited by Kurt
London. New York: Praeger.
 Black, Cyril E. 1966 The Dynamics of Modernization: A Study in Comparative
History. New York: Harper.
 Brookings Institution, Washington, D.C. 1962 Development of the Emerging
Countries: An Agenda for Research. Washington: The Institution.
 Brzezinski, Zbigniew 1956 The Politics of Underdevelopment. World Politics
9:55–75.

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