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All of the pictures and pieces of information on this site are the property of their respective owners. I do not hold any copyright in regards to these pictures and information. These pictures have been collected from different public sources including various websites, considered to be in the public domain. If anyone has any objection to display of any picture, image or information, it may be brought to my notice by sending an email (contact me) & the disputed media will be removed immediately, after verification of the claim.
INTRODUCTION, Definitions, Origin, Causes, Characteristics, IMPACTS OF SOCIAL STRATIFICATION, FORMS OF STRATIFICATION, Health Sector, Education, Bounds Individual Actions, Specification of Social Roles, Societal laws, Whom Will Live Or Die, The Slavery System, The Estate System, The Caste System, The Class System, Structural-Functionalist Perspectives, Social-Conflict Perspectives, Multidimensional Perspectives, SOCIAL MOBILITY, Horizontal mobility, VERTICAL MOBILITY, Intragenerational mobility, Intergenerational mobility, Structural mobility, Positional mobility
INTRODUCTION, Definitions, Origin, Causes, Characteristics, IMPACTS OF SOCIAL STRATIFICATION, FORMS OF STRATIFICATION, Health Sector, Education, Bounds Individual Actions, Specification of Social Roles, Societal laws, Whom Will Live Or Die, The Slavery System, The Estate System, The Caste System, The Class System, Structural-Functionalist Perspectives, Social-Conflict Perspectives, Multidimensional Perspectives, SOCIAL MOBILITY, Horizontal mobility, VERTICAL MOBILITY, Intragenerational mobility, Intergenerational mobility, Structural mobility, Positional mobility
my short report in sociology about social stratification.. :D x x x
My slides includes:
Meaning of stratification
Basic concepts of inequality
Social stratification system
Dimensions of social stratification
Methods of determining class divisions
The theories of social stratification
Four ways in which wealth can be distributed
Three types of social stratification
Classes in some countries
Social Stratification: Class, Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and SexChristina Sookdeo
Defining social stratification and discussing it's most common divisions such as race, class, gender, ethnicity, and sex. Also looks at the impact each has on education.
Topic of Sociology, Introduction and theories, evolutionary theory, THEORIES, Evolutionary theory , Cyclic theory, Functional theory and conflict theory, Processes of Social change, discovery, invention, diffusion, Factors of Change, Resistance and acceptance and consequences
my short report in sociology about social stratification.. :D x x x
My slides includes:
Meaning of stratification
Basic concepts of inequality
Social stratification system
Dimensions of social stratification
Methods of determining class divisions
The theories of social stratification
Four ways in which wealth can be distributed
Three types of social stratification
Classes in some countries
Social Stratification: Class, Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and SexChristina Sookdeo
Defining social stratification and discussing it's most common divisions such as race, class, gender, ethnicity, and sex. Also looks at the impact each has on education.
Topic of Sociology, Introduction and theories, evolutionary theory, THEORIES, Evolutionary theory , Cyclic theory, Functional theory and conflict theory, Processes of Social change, discovery, invention, diffusion, Factors of Change, Resistance and acceptance and consequences
A report in Foundation of Education as a partial requirement under the Master of Education Class major in Social Science at Guimaras State College, Guimaras, Iloilo, Philippines
Emile 1
Christina Emile
Professor Magrass
SOA 356
December 9, 2019
TITLEEEEE
Introduction
Social class is a hierarchy in which groups and individuals are categorized according
to prestige and esteem developed from wealth and economic success. A social class simply
means a set of individuals with the same levels of wealth, status and influence are grouped
together. According to Karl Marx Theory of social class, what differentiates one category of
a society from another it’s the method of production. Each method of production forms a
certain class system which controls the production while the other classes are the producers
and provide service to the prevailing class.
Sociologists use three approaches to determine a social class. The approaches used
include objective, reputational, and subjective methods. The objective method is where
sociologists measure and evaluate physical facts. On the subjective method, individuals are
questioned on how they think about themselves, while on the reputational method individuals
are asked on how they think about other people. Through this approach, people are divided
into various social classes.
Emile 2
The four main social classes include the upper, middle, working and lower class.
These social classes only are classified in America. The upper class are the individuals that
have the supreme status in society. From my understanding these people are very wealthy
and have a lot of power. Some occupation of these individuals may be investors, CEOs ,
heirs and some celebrities. The middle class are individuals that are considered white collar
workers and these individuals may work in the professional setting. The working class are
the individuals of low status occupations such as manual labor, food and retail jobs, blue
collar jobs, jobs where you are in a cubicle, and even caring jobs such as home health aides.
The lower class, which is at the bottom, are individuals with low education that leads to low
status jobs which leads to low income.
According to the book Social Class and Stratification: Classic Statements and
Theoretical Debates edited by Rhonda F. Levine, she writes “When societies are complex
and service large populations, they always possess some kind of status system which, by its
own values, places people on higher or lower positions” (Levine 71). This quote stood out to
me because Levine is saying that is almost inevitable to not have a hierarchy within a society.
A system is put in place to have some kind of order within the society, so with a system
hierarchy is needed. ...
Social and Political Stratification Definition
Systems of Stratification
Theoretical Perspectives on Social Stratification
Social MObility and Social Inequality
Social and Political Stratification Definition
Systems of Stratification
Theoretical Perspectives on Social Stratification
Social Mobility and Inequality
Please give credits to the creator of this PPT presentation.
I'm a graduating STEM student of Senior High School in Makati Science High School (2018).
ARALING PANLIPUNAN 9 QUARTER 1- MGA KATANGIAN NG MATALINONG MAMIMILIMiss Ivy
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References:
Book: Sampa, Elias M.,
Discipline and Ideas in the Applied Social Sciences (First Edition). REX Book Store Inc., 2017.
Ariola, Mariano M., LL.B.;Ed.D.; L.P.T
Discipline and Ideas in the Applied Social Sciences. UNLIMITED BOOKS LIBRARY SERVICES & PUBLISHING INC., 2017.
Internet sites:
www.facebook.com/HeyMissChaii
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** Disclaimer:
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** Disclaimer:
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Aralin 4 alokasyon at sistemang pang-ekonomiyaMiss Ivy
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Reference:
https://www.slideshare.net/sirarnelPHhistory/aralin-4-alokasyon-at-sistemang-pangekonomiya-97962378?qid=8e005ab9-005e-4bda-bc97-3f026dbbfa84&v=&b=&from_search=4
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Created by my Grade 12-ABM student, MJ Nollan.
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Definition, Principles and Core Values of Counseling
(Discipline and Ideas in the Applied Social Sciences)
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Credits to: Mr. Melvin Arias
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Introduction to the Disciplines of Applied Social SciencesMiss Ivy
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** Disclaimer:
All of the pieces of information on this site are the property of the respective owners. I do not hold any copyright in regards to these pictures and information. These pictures have been collected from different public sources including various websites, considered to be in the public domain. If anyone has any objection to display of any picture, image or information, it may be brought to my notice by sending an email (contact me) & the disputed media will be removed immediately, after verification of the claim.
** Disclaimer:
All of the pieces of information on this site are the property of the respective owners. I do not hold any copyright in regards to these pictures and information. These pictures have been collected from different public sources including various websites, considered to be in the public domain. If anyone has any objection to display of any picture, image or information, it may be brought to my notice by sending an email (contact me) & the disputed media will be removed immediately, after verification of the claim.
** Disclaimer:
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** Disclaimer:
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*Meaning and Nature of Power
*Dimensions of Power
*Types of Power
Reference: MUTYA Publishing House Inc.
PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE for SHS
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This presentation was made by Kim Condenuevo.
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This presentation was made by Edgardo Castro
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Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
2. Meaning & Nature
• Social Stratification refers to the ranking of individuals
and groups in any given society.
• Tends to be transmitted from one generation to
another.
• Hierarchical arrangement and establishment of social
categories that may evolve into social groups as well as
of statuses and their corresponding roles.
• Separating people or objects into categories
3. Social Structure
• Differentiation of statuses and social roles into
ranked orders.
• “Institutionalized Inequality”
Social Process
• Splitting up of society into social categories that
develop into social groups cooperating,
competing, conflicting- for the status quo or
social change
Social Problem
• Involves bitter feelings of discontent and of
strong demands for equality or social justice.
4. Basic Concepts of Inequality
• The situation in which the economic goods in
a society are distributed unevenly among
different groups or categories of people.
5. Macro Concept of Social Stratification
ATTRIBUTIONS
• It assigns to people
different attributes as a
result of differences. People
are treated differently due
to their presumed ethnic
characteristics.
STEREOTYPE
• One assumes that persons
who falls into a particular
category on the basis of
certain characteristics also
have many characteristics
that we assume to belong
to that category
6. Macro Concept of Social Stratification
SELF-FULFILLING
PROPHESIS
• Once we categorize people
through assigning a
stereotype, our perception
of their behaviour is being
filtered through that
stereotype. As a
consequence, the person
may begin to act as we
expect him or het to act.
SOCIAL COMPARISONS
• People need to compare
themselves with others in
order to establish for
themselves what kind of
people they are.
7. Macro Concept of Social Stratification
A FAIR WORLD
• People are more concerned
about establishing equity
(just division of rewards)
than equality (equal division
of rewards)
JUST WORLD
HYPOTHESIS
• People like to believe that
there is justice, that people
get what they deserve.
8. • Social psychological research indicates
that people make attributions about
themselves and others, compare
themselves with others, form
judgement about who is better and
who is better and develop beliefs that
justify inequalities.
9. Social differentiation has been made distinct from social
stratification.
Differentiation refers to how things or people can be
distinguished from one another. People may be
differentiated on the basis of the colors of their skin, colors
of hair, and the like.
Stratification refers to the ranking of things or people. In
closed stratification, people cannot change their rankings,
In open stratification, people can change their ranking.
11. Wealth and Income
• What people own and
inherit is called wealth.
It consists of the value
of everything a person
or group owns.
• Income refers to how
much people get. It is
the amount of money
one person or group
receives
12. Inequalities of power
• Sociologists define
power as the ability to
control one’s life
(personal power) and to
control or influence the
action of others.
13. Inequalities of prestige
• Social recognition that a
person or group
receives from others.
• Esteem, respect or
approval that is granted
by an individual or a
collectivity for
performance or
qualities they consider
above the average.
• Societies differ in what
attributes they attach
prestige to:
– Religion, holiness, zeal
– Occupational ranking
– Consumption patterns
– Leisure activities
– Membership in
organizations
14. Methods of Determining Class Division
• Subjective Method. Personal ascription of the
class one belongs to.
• Reputational Method. Old-timers identify the
social classes that exist in the community and
to place each resident in one or another
category.
• Objective Method. Division according to
income, occupation, education and type of
residence.
16. Conflict Theory (Karl Marx)
1. Stratification is the result of the struggle among
people for scarce rewards and it persists in
society because the “haves” are determined
(exploiters) and equipped to preserve their
advantage by dominating and exploiting the
“have nots” (exploited).
2. Class conflict over material privilege and power;
those who own the means of production
(capitalists or bourgeoisie) and those who sell
their labor (worker or proletariat)
17. Conflict Theory (Karl Marx)
3. Viewed the: nation or state as an instrument
of oppression; religion as a method of
diverting and controlling the masses; the
family as a devise of keeping wealth and
education in the hands of the few
4. People’s lives are centered on how they deal
with the material world. The key issue is how
wealth is distributed among the people
18. Conflict Theory (Karl Marx)
5. Four ways in which wealth can be distributed
– To each according to need. Basic economic needs of
all of the people are satisfied.
– To each according to want. Wealth is distributed
according to what people desire and request.
– To each according to what is earned.
– To each according to what can be taken- by using
whatever means. Everyone ruthlessly attempts to
acquire much wealth as possible without regard for
the hardship that might be brought on others.
19. Conflict Theory (Max Weber)
1. People are motivated by self interest.
2. Group conflict is a basic ingredient of society
3. Those who do not have property can defend
their interests less well than those who have
property
4. Economic institutions are of fundamental
importance in shaping the rest of society
20. Conflict Theory (Max Weber)
5. Those in power promote ideas and values
that help them maintain their dominance
6. Only when exploitation becomes extremely
obvious will the powerless their dominance.
21. Functionalist Theory (Kingley Davis and
Wilbert Moore)
• If all the positions that have to be filled in a
society were equally important and everyone
were equally capable of doing their jobs, there
would be no need of stratification. But this is
not the case. Some tasks are clearly more
necessary than others, and some require a
great deal more talent and training.
• Social inequality is viewed as both necessary
and constructive.
22. Similarities of Stratification Theories (
Theodore D. Kemper)
• Both theories acknowledge that the evaluation of
the contributions of jobs to society also
determines unequal rewards.
• The Marxist theory leans heavily on the
significance of power in the distribution of
resources; while the functionalist emphasize the
necessity of assigning some position or work
higher status than others.
• Both theories recognize that social power plays a
part in determining the unequal distribution of
rewards.
23. Comparison of Stratification Theories
Functionalist View
1. Stratification is universal,
necessary and inevitable
2. Social organization (the
social system) shapes the
stratification system
Conflict Theory
1. Stratification may be
universal without being
necessary and inevitable
2. The stratification system
shapes social
organizations (social
system)
24. Comparison of Stratification Theories
Functionalist View
3. Stratification arises from
the societal need for
integration, coordination
and cohesion
4. Stratification facilitates
the optimal functioning of
society and the individual
Conflict Theory
3. Stratification arises from
group conquest,
competition, and conflict
4. Stratification impeded the
optimal functioning of
society and the individual
25. Comparison of Stratification Theories
Functionalist View
5. Stratification is an
expression of commonly
shared social values
6. Power is usually
legitimately distributed in
society
Conflict Theory
5. Stratification is an
expression of the values
of powerful groups
6. Power is usually
illegitimately distributed
in society
26. Comparison of Stratification Theories
Functionalist View
7. Tasks and rewards are
equitably allocated.
8. The economic dimensions
is subordinate to other
dimensions of society
Conflict Theory
7. Tasks and rewards are
inequitably allocated.
8. The economic dimension
is paramount in society
27. Comparison of Stratification Theories
Functionalist View
9. Stratification systems
generally change through
evolutionary processes
Conflict Theory
9. Stratification systems
often change through
revolutionary process.
29. Open System (Class System)
• Positions are awarded on the basis of merit,
and rank is tied to individual achievements.
• Status is said to be achieved depending on
what the individual accomplishes and what he
can do by his own efforts.
• It provides people with an equal chance to
succeed.
30. Open System (Class System)
• It consists of a category of people who share
similar opportunities, similar economic and
vocational positions, similar lifestyles, and
similar attitudes and behaviour.
• Class boundaries are maintained by limitations
on social interaction, intermarriage, and
mobility into that class.
31. Closed System (Caste System)
• Status is ascribed and determined at birth and
people are locked into their parent’s social
position.
• Ascribed characteristics determine social
position, and individuals opportunities are
limited accordingly.
• Caste lines are clearly defined and legal and
religious sanctions are applied to those who
attempt to cross them
32. Closed System (Caste System)
• It is a rigid system. People are born into and
spend their entire lives within a caste with
little chance of leaving it.
• Contact between castes is minimal and is
governed by a set of rules or laws.
• Access to valued resources is extremely
unequal
33. Estate System
• A person’s social position is based on
ownership of land, birth or military strength.
• An estate is a segment of a society that has
legally established rights and duties.
34. Social Stratification in Various
Countries
1. People who have
made it
2. People who are doing
very well
3. People who have
achieved the middle
class dream
4. People who have
comfortable life
5. People who are just
getting by
6. People who are
having a difficult time
7. People who are poor
35. Typical of Class System (Fichter)
• Upper Class have great wealth, often going back
for many generations; are recognized by
reputation and lifestyle; have an influence on the
society’s basic economic and political structures.
• Upper- Middle Class is made up of successful
business and professional people and their
families; Have a college education, own property
and have money savings; live comfortably in
exclusive areas
36. Typical of Class System (Fichter)
• Lower- Middle Class shares many characteristics
with the upper middle class but they have not
been able to achieve the same lifestyle because
of economic or educational shortcomings; usually
high school or vocational education graduates
with modest incomes; less professionals, clerical,
and sales workers
• Working Class is made up of factory works and
other blue-collar workers
37. Typical of Class System (Fichter)
• Lower Class are people at the bottom of the
economic ladder. They have little in the way of
education or occupational skills and are
consequently either unemployed or
underemployed.
38. SOCIAL MOBILITY
• The movement of an individual or
group within a stratification that
changes the individual’s or group’s
status in society
• The degree of mobility depends on (1)
rules governing how people gain or
keep their positions; and (2) structural
changes in society.
40. Power
• It is the ability to attain
goals, control events
and maintain influence
over others- even in the
face of oppositions
• People empowerment is
a movement aimed at
liberating the poor
people from their
poverty, and the
powerless people from
their situation.
41. Prestige
• It consists of approval
and respect an
individual or group
receives from other
members of society
1. Esteem consists of the
appreciation and
respect a person wins
in his or her daily
interpersonal
relationships.
2. Honor that is
associated with
specific statuses in
society
42. Wealth
• The total economic
assets of the individual
or a family are known
as a wealth.
• Poverty is a condition in
which people do not
have enough money to
maintain a standard of
living that includes the
basic necessity of life.
44. Upward/ Vertical Mobility
• Movement of individuals or groups from lower
to higher status in social stratification system
(or vice versa)
• Operate intragenerationally- social change
during the lifetime of one individual; or
intergenerationally- changes in the social level
of a family through two or more generations.
45. Factors affecting upward mobility
• The policy and practice of immigration into a
total society and into a local community
• Differential fertility of social classes
• Presence or absence of individual competition
as a value in the culture
• Availability of opportunities to prepare one’s
self for the competitive process.
• Pattern of equality and inequality in a society
(religion, sex, ethnic plurality and the like)
46. Compensation for Downward Mobility
• Disappointments and frustrations are
cushioned by the traditional conservatism of
middle class
• Have little contact with his former associates
of higher status
• Rationalization of the mobility
• There is no significant status visibility
• Consolation that children may regain social
status that one has himself lost
47. Horizontal Mobility
• May come about because of changing one’s
occupation, marrying into a certain family and
others.
• Movement involves a change in status with no
corresponding change in social class
48. Geographical Migration/ Physical
Mobility
• Movement from one geographical spot to
another
• Includes forced relocation of large groups of
people, eviction, and dispossession of unwanted
people, voluntary permanent migration from one
country to another, or from one region to
another within the same country, as well as local
residential changes.
• Fluidity exemplified by people commuting from
home to office or factory, making business trips
and taking vacations.
49. Types of Geographical Migration
• Voluntary Migration refers to the voluntary
movement of people from one geographical
area to another
• Forced migration includes expulsion of
unwanted people, the herding people into
reservation areas and concentration camps,
the transportation of enslaved individuals and
groups
50. Reasons for Voluntary Migration
• Economic factor. This refers to the desire of
people to seek better food supplies, workers
looking for better living.
• Political reason. Some people move to escape
from political oppression and racial
discrimination; or political asylum to other
countries
• Religious liberty. Some people move to enjoy
religious liberty in response to existing religious
persecutions in their country
51. Reasons for Voluntary Migration
• Educational opportunities. Some avail
themselves of educational opportunities
prevailing in other areas due to the presence
of colleges and university in other areas.
• Natural or man-made calamities (floods,
denudation, volcanic eruption, earthquake)
52. Effects of Migration
• Diffusion of culture means contact and
communication between people who had
been culturally and geographically isolated.
• Biological mixture
• Urbanization of the culture. Urban ways of
thinking and acting, urban social relations and
structures and increasing secondary
associations.
53. Role Mobility
• It is the shifting from role to role
• Every person enacts multiples roles, even
while he remains a total, integrated
personality. His participation in different
groups and in different situations call for
enactment of various roles.
• There is normal successive assumption of new
roles.
• Occupational mobility causes shifting of roles.
54. Factors Affecting Social Mobility
• Hard work.
• Social structure.
• Societal values and
norms.
• Level of education.
• Marriage
• Luck
55. Mobility and Social Personality
• Higher status is the result of personal
achievement.
• There as many channels of social mobility as
they are social roles the person enacts.
• Striving for higher status is often accompanied
by certain strains and frustrations
• Downward social mobility carries it own costs
and personal costs.
56. Education and Social Mobility
• The amount of education a person has
constitute one of the most important criteria
of social status.
• Those who receive higher education may use
it as a stepping stone to a higher social status
57. Social Mobility and Success
• Success in life is always attached to upward
social mobility.
• The values of activity, success and quantity are
extremely improtant from the point of view of
social mobility.
• Upward mobility means for any individual that
he enjoys higher status than he previously
had, and this is in itself valued as an
achievement.