Urbanization trends
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Lagos, Nigeria is experiencing rapid urbanization as its population grows. It is currently home to over 18 million people and is forecasted to reach 25 million by 2025, making it one of the largest cities worldwide. However, 70% of Nigeria's urban population lives in inadequate housing in poor conditions. This rapid population growth has outpaced infrastructure development, leading to overcrowding, lack of sanitation services, and increased health risks. High rates of poverty and diseases like diarrhea are associated with unsafe and overcrowded living conditions common in disadvantaged urban communities in Nigeria. Environmental health sciences and management are needed to help educate residents and implement safety policies to protect community well-being.
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This document discusses urbanization, housing, and infrastructure in Lagos, Nigeria. It notes that Lagos has experienced rapid urbanization and population growth that has outstripped investments in housing and basic infrastructure. As a result, many residents live in slums that lack access to clean water, sanitation, transportation, and other services. The government has acknowledged these issues and has begun projects to improve infrastructure through investments in roads, electricity, and other facilities. However, meeting future challenges of urbanization will require more efforts to boost housing supply and ensure all residents have access to basic infrastructure and services.
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This document provides information about urbanization and discusses it in the context of Dubai and Asia. It begins with entry tasks asking students to consider how Dubai's population has changed over time and what causes populations to increase or decrease. The objectives are for students to describe urbanization and analyze its benefits and challenges. The document defines urbanization as the increasing number of people living in urban areas. It provides statistics about urbanization trends in Asia, such as many people in poor urban areas lacking basic services. Students are directed to read case study articles on urbanization in China and India and answer questions. They are also asked to research urbanization statistics for Dubai.
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This document discusses global immigration, global security, and global borders. It begins by defining immigration and discussing its history and implications. Key challenges to immigration include language barriers, difficulties being absorbed into job markets, adapting to new weather/cultures, and security threats from terrorists. Immigration economically benefits both receiving and sending countries but can also mean loss of skilled workers for poor countries. The document then examines global emigration factors like motives, impacts, and challenges before concluding by linking immigration, security, and borders and arguing they must be analyzed together for global peace and security.
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Factoring population dynamics into sustainable regional development
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Major trends in urbanization and the urban environment:
1) Asia is leading unprecedented global urbanization, hosting the largest urban populations, including China and India which have the largest populations.
2) Asian cities are facing severe challenges from high density, congestion, air and water pollution, and solid waste issues due to rapid urban growth outpacing infrastructure development.
3) Looking ahead, further urbanization will increase challenges, with the urban population projected to grow twice as fast as the total population by 2030, concentrating environmental impacts in cities. Innovative solutions are needed to manage urban development.
Eleventh Five year plan
The document discusses key aspects of India's first five-year plan presented by Jawahar Lal Nehru after independence. It allocates funds to sectors like agriculture, transportation and aims for GDP growth of 2.1% which was surpassed at 3.6%. Infrastructure projects like dams were also initiated. National income grew due to factors like increased crop yields but population growth reduced the per capita income growth.
Review of 11th five year plan
The document provides a summary of the performance of Andhra Pradesh during the first four years (2007-2008 to 2010-2011) of the 11th Five Year Plan in India. Some key points:
1) The state economy grew at an average of 7.93% during this period, close to the national GDP growth of 8.16%. Agriculture grew at 7.16%, industries at 6.82%, and services at 8.84%.
2) Major initiatives included the Jalayagnam irrigation program, Rajiv Arogyasri public health insurance, 108 emergency services, and housing construction under Indiramma.
3) 32.51 lakh houses were constructed, 65.13
11th five year plan
The 11th Five Year Plan aimed to achieve rapid, inclusive growth and poverty reduction in India from 2007-2012. Key objectives included focusing on social sectors like education and health, empowering women, and increasing agricultural, industrial and services growth rates. The plan outlined 27 national targets and 13 state targets related to income, poverty, education, health, women, infrastructure and environment. While average GDP growth was lower than the target of 9% due to global crises, it exceeded the 10th plan's growth rate. Poverty declined faster than in previous periods but inequality remained a challenge.
Session 3 - Fundamental & Directive principles
This document outlines a session on fundamental rights and directive principles in India's constitution. It discusses key messages around fundamental rights, specific rights related to equality, freedom, religion, and remedies. It also describes activities where participants discuss rights, group rights from the constitution, and analyze cases related to fundamental rights and directive principles. The overall session aims to help participants understand fundamental rights and how they can be upheld.
Urbanization in india
India has experienced rapid economic growth and urbanization in recent decades. The service sector now accounts for 64.8% of India's GDP, surpassing agriculture and industry. Urbanization rates have also increased, with the urban population projected to rise to 590 million by 2030. However, rapid urbanization has exacerbated issues like unemployment, inadequate housing, pollution, and effects on rural land and agriculture. The government is promoting its Smart Cities Mission to develop urban infrastructure and make 100 cities more sustainable and economically productive.
DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY ( IN DETAIL )
The document summarizes the Directive Principles of State Policy outlined in the Constitution of India. It describes how the principles aim to establish a just social order and promote the welfare of citizens by securing adequate livelihoods, equal pay for equal work, protecting children and youth, and promoting village self-governance. However, the principles are not judicially enforceable but provide guidelines for policymaking.
Eleventh five year plan
The Eleventh Five-Year Plan aimed to achieve an average GDP growth rate of 9% per year from 2007-2012. Key targets included reducing poverty, improving education and literacy rates, reducing infant and maternal mortality, and expanding infrastructure like electricity, roads, and telecommunications. Thirteen national targets like GDP growth, poverty reduction, and health outcomes were broken down into state-specific targets. The Plan sought to balance continued economic growth with social development goals like education, health, and empowering women and children.
Indian political system
India has a multiparty democratic political system with three branches of government - executive, judiciary, and legislature. Key institutions include the Election Commission of India, which oversees national elections, and special constitutional provisions for the state of Jammu and Kashmir granting it autonomy. The document provides an overview of India's government structure at the federal and state levels.
Dpsp
Government Engineering College, Ajmer
This document discusses the Directive Principles of State Policy outlined in the Constitution of India. It provides 3 key points:
1) The Directive Principles of State Policy are guidelines for the central and state governments to consider when making laws and policies, aimed at establishing a just society. However, they are not enforceable in courts.
2) The principles cover issues like equal rights, living wages, education, nutrition, and environmental protection. They have been implemented through various laws and schemes over time.
3) While not judicially enforceable, the principles are considered fundamental to governance in India and it is the duty of the state to apply them when establishing laws and policies
Overview of the 12th Five Year Plan (2012 - 2017)
This document outlines India's 12th Five Year Plan strategy for achieving faster, more inclusive, and sustainable economic growth. It discusses short and long-term challenges including reversing the current slowdown and achieving over 9% growth. The plan aims to make growth more inclusive by reducing poverty, improving regional equality, and generating employment. It sets targets across various social and economic indicators and proposes combining pro-poor programs with policies to promote inclusive growth. Achieving the plan's goals will require increasing investment, savings, and infrastructure while containing subsidies and fiscal deficits. Effectively implementing flagship programs while giving states flexibility is also emphasized. Challenges around energy, water, and alternative growth scenarios are also summarized.
Politics of India
India has a federal parliamentary democratic republic system of government with the Prime Minister as head of government and President as head of state. Power is shared between the central government and state governments. The central government has authority over areas like defense, foreign policy, and taxation while states have powers in areas like agriculture, law, and order. India has a bicameral parliament consisting of the upper house Rajya Sabha and lower house Lok Sabha. The ruling party in the Lok Sabha forms the government and its leader becomes Prime Minister. The two main political parties are the Indian National Congress and the Bharatiya Janata Party.
Fundamental rights presentation
The document discusses the fundamental rights guaranteed to Indian citizens under the constitution. It outlines the 7 original fundamental rights - right to equality, right against exploitation, right to freedom of religion, right to cultural/educational rights, right to constitutional remedies, right to freedom, and right to property. It provides details on key rights like right to equality, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, right to residence and occupation. It emphasizes that the right to constitutional remedies allows citizens to seek redressal if their fundamental rights are violated.
Powerpoint urbanization
Urbanization causes various forms of pollution like air, water, and soil contamination. It also leads to problems like poor housing, poverty, unemployment, and overburdened public systems. However, these issues can be addressed by creating public transportation networks, parks, affordable housing, community centers, job opportunities, and involving community members in the planning process to build sustainable cities.
PPT OF URBANIZATION FACTS & FUNDAMENTALS
Urbanization is defined as the process where more people live in urban areas like towns and cities. The document discusses the rates of urbanization in different countries from 2010-2015. It also examines the challenges of rapid urbanization in South Africa, including housing shortages and the rise of shack settlements. China and India are highlighted as experiencing very fast urbanization currently, with China being more urbanized at 41% compared to India's 29% in 2005. The top causes of urbanization mentioned are opportunities for jobs, education, and transportation that cities provide.
India's 12th Five year Plan
The document summarizes India's 12th Five Year Plan (2012-2017). Key points include:
- The plan aims for 8.2% average annual GDP growth through faster, sustainable and inclusive development.
- Sectoral growth targets are set for agriculture, industry, services and infrastructure.
- Strategic challenges are identified such as improving education, health, energy access and urban development.
- Resource allocation priorities increase funding for education, health and infrastructure compared to the 11th Plan.
Fundamental rights of indian constitution
The document discusses the six fundamental rights provided to Indian citizens under the constitution:
1) Right to equality - which guarantees equality before the law and prohibits discrimination.
2) Right to freedom - including freedom of speech, assembly, profession.
3) Right against exploitation - abolishing practices like forced labor and child labor.
4) Right to freedom of religion - guaranteeing freedom to practice any religion.
5) Cultural and educational rights - including rights to conserve language and culture.
6) Right to constitutional remedies - empowering citizens to approach courts if fundamental rights are denied.
Urbanization impacts
Urbanization refers to the increasing proportion of people living in urban areas. It occurs due to rural-to-urban migration as populations increase and resources become scarce in rural areas, pushing people to cities where they believe living standards will be higher. Urbanization has major economic, social, cultural, and environmental impacts. It encourages changes in social and family structures, increases pollution and waste production, and places growing pressure on infrastructure and housing. While cities improve economies and facilitate cultural sharing, urbanization also leads to issues like unemployment, poverty, and the rise of slums if not properly managed.
Indian constitution
The Constituent Assembly of India framed the Constitution of India over a period of 2 years, 11 months and 18 days through 166 days of meetings. Key persons involved included Dr. Sachchidananda Sinha as the first president, Dr. Rajendra Prasad as the president, and Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar as the chairman of the drafting committee. The Assembly drew upon constitutional features and principles from various nations in drafting the document.
5.effects of urbanization
Urbanization refers to the increasing proportion of people living in cities and suburbs. It is closely connected to industrialization, as factories located in cities and drew workers. The main causes of urbanization are the industrial revolution, emergence of large manufacturing centers, job opportunities, and availability of transportation. Chicago's population grew from 15 people in 1820 to over 1.6 million in 1898, reflecting the effects of urbanization. Positive effects include opportunities not available in rural areas and a higher standard of living in cities. However, rapid urbanization also led to issues like overcrowding, lack of sanitation, unemployment, poverty, and increased crime rates.
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DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY ( IN DETAIL )
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Urban Health_Freeman_5.10.11
The document discusses several key issues regarding urban health in developing countries. It notes that over 1 billion people currently live in slums, with that number expected to rise to nearly 2 billion by 2030. Health outcomes for children, such as infant mortality rates, are often worse in urban slums compared to rural areas. Common causes of mortality for children in urban slums include pneumonia, diarrhea, and malnutrition. Successful urban health projects recognize community involvement, adapt interventions to local needs, and incorporate intersectoral collaboration across sectors.
Ijmet 10 02_032
Issues of population explosion has evoked several images characterized by
emotional, value-laden and often paranoiac connotation that cannot be obviously
ignored considering its threatening challenges. It is against the foregoing that this
paper attempt to interrogate the relevance of Thomas Malthus theory on population and
the challenges of the bourgeoning population explosion in Nigeria. The core objective
of this paper is to investigate the relevance of the theory on Nigeria’s population. Other
objectives are to ascertain the effects of the population explosion on the Nigerian urban
areas; food security, crimes and security and poverty. In terms of methodology, the
paper relies on an explanatory design and some empirical data generated through
secondary sources and official documents were examined. The data were analysed using
a descriptive method of analysis. The paper identified the relevance of Malthus theory
on the bourgeoning population explosion on the following key areas: Food Security;
Poverty Rate; Urbanization; crimes and Security Threat. After examination of official
documents and secondary data, the paper concludes that population explosion has
continued to undermine the achievement of development’s goals in Nigeria. A
population growing faster than the output of modern goods and services not only
frustrates development goals; it undermines the credibility of promises made
Country Progress Report for UNGASS on AIDS 2012
Indonesia has an estimated HIV prevalence of 0.27% among people aged 15-49. While most provinces have a concentrated epidemic among key populations like sex workers and injecting drug users, the provinces of Papua and West Papua have a generalized epidemic of 2.4% prevalence. Coverage of HIV prevention programs has increased for many key populations, though more work is needed to reach targets. Access to antiretroviral treatment has also expanded significantly. Looking ahead, Indonesia aims to achieve its targets under the UN General Assembly Special Session on HIV/AIDS by continuing and strengthening effective interventions led by the National AIDS Commission.
Effect of socio economic factors on access to improved water sources and basi...
This study examined the relationship between socioeconomic factors and access to improved water sources and basic sanitation in Bomet Municipality, Kenya. The researchers found that households' characteristics such as the occupation and education level of the household head significantly influenced the type of water source used. Additionally, the type of toilet facility used by a household was significantly impacted by the marital status of the household head. Improving access to water and sanitation is important for socioeconomic development, poverty reduction, health, and achieving environmental sustainability goals.
Prospects and challanges of population management in bangladesh
This document discusses population trends in Bangladesh and strategies for population management. It notes that Bangladesh has a population of over 158 million people, with high population densities concentrated in urban areas like Dhaka. To manage growth, it recommends improving access to family planning, promoting responsible parenthood, preventing early marriage, increasing education and employment opportunities for youth, and decentralizing industries and administrative centers. The overall goal is to achieve a sustainable population level through an integrated population management program.
Understanding the Grassroots Dynamics of Slums in Nairobi: The Dilemma of Kib...
A lot of literature on urban development in developing countries has entirely focused on the nexus between rapid urbanization, Gross Geographic Product (GGP) and poverty growth with little research that demonstrates what this impacts on urban sustainability especially with increasing slums in rapidly urbanizing African countries. Available research has focused entirely on increasing poverty level in urban Africa and its mitigation without a clear direction on what this means to slums improvement and urban sustainability. This papers aims to give a conceptual analysis that will help to understand the dynamics of urban sustainability and slums development. The historical perspectives and current realities of Kibera slums in Nairobi are reviewed.
RUNNING HEAD DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO GROUP PAPER1Run.docx
RUNNING HEAD: DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO GROUP PAPER
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Running head: DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO GROUP PAPER
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The Democratic Republic of the Congo Group Paper
Bianca C. Burgos, Luis Caza, Christina R. Morales, Sara I. Vallazza & Jennifer Zunzunegui
NUR 4667 Global Healthcare Systems
Instructions
· Examine the role of local, state, national, and global regulatory and accreditation agencies in providing quality healthcare. Who are the key actors? (Sara)
· Explore organizational and political processes and grassroots legislative efforts to influence healthcare policy and advocate for the country’s diverse populations (Jenny).
· Discuss how the country’s healthcare system, education, and economy influence the main health effects (Luis).
· Analyze how the country’s cultural, societal, legal, and environmental factors contribute to health disparities (Bianca)
· Discuss the impact of science and technology on the country’s healthcare outcome (Christina).
Rubric
Democratic Republic of the Congo Group Paper
Health disparities are greatly prevalent in the DRC, affecting over three million people in a short time frame of fewer than five years. Over 1000 people pass away daily and 98% of these deaths are due to very treatable diseases that are easily prevented ("Democratic Republic of the Congo", 2012). Untreated diseases/conditions such as malaria, acute respiratory infections, diarrhea, measles, malnutrition, and many others, also accounting for the majority of childhood mortality ("Democratic Republic of the Congo", 2012). According to the World Health Organization, malaria is responsible for 45% of childhood death, while the remaining diseases account for the remaining majority of death in children (Fund, 2007). Keeping epidemics under control is the DRC’s greatest priority, as the country is at a very high risk of any possible outbreak, including (re)emerging pathogens such as Ebola (Fund, 2007). Several factors contribute to these unfortunate circumstances, such as environmental, societal, and political factors. In addition to volcanic eruptions in the East, the flooding of the Congo river and the droughts of the South, high levels of conflict make this country extremely vulnerable to poor conditions (Fund, 2007). During the 1990s, the DRC was involved in the African War, which brought about 80% of the country (77 million people) into extreme poverty (Project, 2019). The DRC has had a long history of political instability and violence such as the civil war, which in turn, has destroyed many infrastructures that communities relied on for sanitation and clean water. The DRC has relied heavily on wealth from the mining industry due to its transition from Marxist to a Free Market economy. Therefore, their economy has not been appropriately managed, as their wealth was spent on patronage for government officials instead of humanitarian needs. This transition has subjected the DRC to a plethora of ceaseless internal ...
Public Health Discussion Response.docx
The document discusses public health tools like epidemiological studies and surveillance. It provides links to videos on these topics and readings from textbooks. It includes discussion questions on choosing a public health issue to discuss and a recent humanitarian disaster to analyze related public health issues and management approaches. One discussion question response is included that discusses urbanization issues related to water and sanitation in urban centers.
Towards improving service delivery in local authorities. A case of Chegutu Mu...
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
Poverty Laws An Introduction
Despite global effort it is estimated that about 2.2 billion people still live in poverty, and that approximately 80 of this figure is made up of people living in rural areas. The Sustainable Development Goals SDGs of the 2030 Agenda include as its number 1 goal, the goal to end poverty. However, the report by the World Bank 2018 stated that putting an end to poverty is proving to be one of the greatest human rights challenges the modern world faces.The Sustainable Development Goals SDGs which are an extension of the Millennium Development Goals MDGs was adopted on September 2015 by the United Nations Assembly to fight against poverty and eradicate human deprivation.This paper presents a brief introduction on poverty laws, discusses possible challenges and the way forward. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Sarhan M. Musa "Poverty Laws: An Introduction" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33275.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/33275/poverty-laws-an-introduction/paul-a-adekunte
A study on housing and environmental quality of moniya community in ibadan, n...
The International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE). Science, Technology and Medicine Journals Call for Academic Manuscripts
Urbanisation Essay
Rapid, uncontrolled urbanization in developing countries has led to serious health and environmental consequences. It overloads hospitals and healthcare centers, causing shortages of medical resources. It also increases air pollution, which damages agriculture, costs countries significant GDP losses, and lowers average incomes. Urbanization is driving forces population growth in cities in developing nations.
Analysis of low cost residential housing development for the urban poor a cas...
The International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE). Science, Technology and Medicine Journals Call for Academic Manuscripts
THE IMPACT OF TELECOMMUNICATION BUSINESS ON YOUTH EMPLOYMENT AND POVERTY REDU...
Abstract: The study examines the impact of telecommunication business on youth unemployment and poverty reduction in Zamfara State. The study intends to find out how telecommunication business activities have positively influenced the wellbeing of the young people. Data were collected using multistage sampling and purposive sampling techniques from 200 respondents in the study area. Data generated were analyzed using descriptive statistics, multiple least-squares regression model and logit regression analysis model. The result of the multiple least- square regression analyses showed that telecommunication business has significant influenced on youth employment in the study area. Similarly the result of the logit regression analysis also revealed that telecommunication business has significant influence on youth poverty reduction in the study. The study recommended for government interventions at all levels to encourage these youth in term of easy access to venture capital, telecommunications service provider quality service delivery and provision of appropriate youth telecommunication employed database.
Urbanization
This document discusses urbanization and its relationship to industrialization. It begins by defining urbanization as the process of populations shifting from rural to urban areas. The industrial revolution in the late 18th century drove significant urbanization as industrialization took hold. Industrialization created new jobs and opportunities in cities, attracting migrants. Factories constructed during the industrial period further increased urban job availability. As a result, industrialization and urbanization developed together, with industrialization initiating and necessitating urban growth.
The informal sector and the environment in nigerian towns what we knw and w...
This document summarizes existing research on the informal sector and its relationship to the environment in Nigerian towns. It is known that the informal sector provides important employment opportunities for low-income individuals and absorbs migrants from rural areas. However, activities in the informal sector also generate waste and pollution that municipalities struggle to manage effectively. While studies have documented general environmental problems, there are few detailed case studies analyzing the specific environmental impacts of different informal sub-sectors. The document calls for more field research focusing on how particular informal activities affect the local environment in order to develop new policies that balance livelihoods and sustainability.
Does population growth have any impact on economic growth?: Evidence from Tan...
Effects of population growth on economic growth in Tanzania is presented to two specific objectives notably the direction and relative influence of population growth on economic growth and the existence of long-run relationship between population growth and economic growth are examined. Annual time series data from 1980 to 2019 together with Autoregressive distributed lag model which ascertain the direction and relative influence of population growth on economic growth are used. Granger causality test to ascertain the causality between population growth and economic growth is observed. Co-integration test to determine the existence of long-run relationship between population growth and economic growth is applied. Findings reveals that population growth, gross capital formation, government expenditure, total fertility rate, life expectancy, dependency ratio, and foreign direct investment net inflow have negative impact towards economic growth while trade openness has a positive impact towards economic growth. This paper shows that there is a negative relationship between population growth and economic growth in Tanzania. Therefore, though population growth has a negative relationship on economic growth the analysis recommends that, if population growth is well managed it can give positive outcomes towards economic growth. The government should be advised to emphasize on family planning policy towards population growth management. Trade openness has a positive impact towards economic growth hence this paper recommends that its advancement by opening up doors inside and outside the country will increase the accessibility of goods and services providing efficiency in the allocation of resources. Trade openness also improves foreign direct investment through the transfer of new technology.
Assessment of Poverty Situation in Ethiopia
The study specifically aims to review the status and determinants of poverty in Ethiopia. Ethiopia is amongst the poorest countries in the world, with a very low human-development ranking, or 174th out of 188 countries. About 23 million Ethiopians live in conditions substantially below the basic poverty line and food insecurity remains a major challenge. It is mostly a rural phenomenon, as the shares of the population below the poverty line in rural areas are higher than in urban areas. Over the past fifteen years, the headcount poverty rate declined by about 93 percent from 45.5 percent in 2000 to 23.5 percent in 2016. Between 2010/11 and 2015/16 about 5.3 million people are lifted out of poverty. Poverty gap and poverty severity indices have respectively declined from 10.1 percent and 3.9 percent in 2000 to 3.7 percent and 1.4 percent in 2016. Lack of asset/skill, backward attitude of people towards work, lack of income results in reduction of expenditure pattern, poor health leads to being unproductive, absence from work, less energetic, lack of education results in lack of skill, helplessness are the major factors of poverty. The empirical findings suggest that special attention should be given to improving crop and livestock market, veterinary services, health services, agricultural technologies and creation of awareness on family planning. Interventions like capacity building, agricultural research, agricultural marketing as well as infrastructures that enhance nonfarm activities in sustainable manner need to be designed to reduce poverty prevalence in the country.
Youth Active Citizenship Context Analysis 2013
This document provides a summary of trends, barriers, and strategies related to youth active citizenship based on an analysis by Oxfam International Youth Partnerships. It identifies five key global trends: 1) changing populations with the largest youth population in history, 2) globalization and complex issues requiring new approaches to citizenship, 3) increased connectivity through technology and education, 4) protests related to rising inequality and unemployment, and 5) Oxfam's focus on emerging economies and middle income countries where most people in poverty now live. The document aims to support options for evolving Oxfam's youth programs to engage young people as agents of change.
Citizen participation and service delivery at the local
The International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE). Science, Technology and Medicine Journals Call for Academic Manuscripts
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Individual punishment research
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Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
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Urbanization trends
- 1. UNIVERSITY OF PHOENIX URBANIZATION TRENDS CHECKPOINT ASSIGNMENT WK 7 SOCIOLOGY 120 PROFESSOR LEE DAFFIN MECHELLE DAVIDSON 12/16/2011
- 2. Urbanization Trends December 16, 2011 LAGOS NIGERIA’S URBANIZATION TRENDS As urban living fast becomes the predominant of the world’s population growth, it is changing societies with affects to the health and economics of those living within these urban areas. Nigeria currently have six cities with a current population of one million or more, As these populations growth demands for urban accommodations in Nigeria rises by the day, so too does the disadvantage of living conditions available to them (Awofes, 2010/2011). With 70% of Nigerians urban population living in crude disadvantaged housing developments, and showing only to multiply across Nigeria with very few of these new migrants able to afford adequate housing. Urbanization trends within Lagos, Nigeria has evidence suggesting that it is forecasted to reach a population of 25 million by 2025, making Lagos the third largest city after that of Mumbai and Tokyo (Awofes, 2010/2011). Urban Disadvantages With the perceived economic opportunities available within Nigeria’s growing cities, Lagos receives more rural-urban migration than any other does, skirting currently 18 million inhabitants. This population growth trend far exceeds the already overstretched economic infrastructure of these urban development’s benefits, while increasing the socioeconomically disadvantages of these areas has shown a direct association connected with increasing mortality risks for these areas (Antai & Moradi, 2010). Nigeria having the fastest urbanization growth within the world is leading cause for poverty influenced economic developments increase of infectious diseases and diarrhea’s associated with safe drinking water and housing quality contributing to the increasing child
- 3. Urbanization Trends December 16, 2011 mortalities and increased health risks of urbanization. As poor disadvantaged urban communities characterized by overcrowding, unsafe drinking water, inadequate sanitary waste services, and other hazardous pollutions increases, so shall the availability of resources for which urban livings benefits that were ideal to those of low to middle income migrants (Antai & Moradi, 2010). Economic Performances With economic performances failing along with governance, housing policies, and legal institutions falling short in the capacity for developing urban economics by providing only a fraction of the growing social needs within these urban areas being met also. This continuation of Nigerians rural-urban migration to perceived areas of opportunities will persist in providing increased challenges for matching infrastructures, public utilities, and other social amenities that are over whelming both the state and local governments as of current. When Lagos became one of sub-Saharan Africa’s’ first mega-urban regions with a metropolitan population of 10 million inhabitants, and continues to grow scientists’ declare that by 2015 an estimated 16 million will assure Lego’s eleventh place as the largest urban system of the world (Antai & Moradi, 2010). Place like Lagos of increasing population in urban living under these disadvantaged conditions will only contribute further to the limited financial, human, and material resources available and important for the safe developments of communities within these areas of rapid economic and industrial growth areas.
- 4. Urbanization Trends December 16, 2011 Environmental Safeguards As inequalities in the distribution, access, availability, and use result in new and re- accruing hazards to the health and well-being of both individuals and environments occurring just as rapidly. It is important that education, training, research, and preventative practice to provide as safeguards to the environmental health and wellbeing of these communities (Shendell & Ana, 2011). Environmental health sciences coupled with its management will help to further educate and train those Nigerians already semi-skilled officers in the EPH, and increase the advantages associated with the safety of our environments health. These will only be the start of needed safety policies and practices that scientists specialized educations in epidemiology, biotechnology, and toxicology as important concentrations with environmental health sciences in keeping the worlds environment healthy worldwide.
- 5. Urbanization Trends December 16, 2011 References Antai, D., & Moradi, T. (2010). Urban area Disadvantage and Under -5 Mortality. Environmental Health Perspectives, 877-883. Awofes, P. O. (2010/2011). One out of Every Two Nigerians Now Live in A City. World Policy Instatute, 67-73. Shendell, D. G., & Ana, G. R. (2011). Promoting Environmental Public Health inRapidly Urbanizing Areas of Less-Developed Countries in Africa . Journal of Environmental Health, 26-35.