Skeletal System

Anatomy and
Physiology “2”
………..
For Students of Occupational Therapy

Lecturer: Mohammed Subhi El-Lulu

Skeletal System

Anatomy & Physiology 2
2
mohdlulu@hotmail.com

Functions of Skeletal System

Support Protection Movement

Blood Cell Energy
Storage
Formation Storage

3

Bones Shape: LONG

4

Bones Shape: SHORT

5

Bones Shape: FLAT

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Bones Shape: IRREGULAR

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Compact bone

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Porous (Spongy) bone

9

Anatomy of Long bone
Diaphysis

Epiphysis

Medullary
Cavity

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Structure of Long bone
1 Periosteum

2 Endosteum

Sharpey’s
3 fiber

4 Arteries

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Types of Bone Cells

12

13

The skull and associated bones
Cranial Bones Facial Bones
Occipital Single Vomer Single
Frontal Single Lacrimal Paired
Parietal Paired Nasal Paired
Temporal Paired Inferior Nasal Conchae Paired
Sphenoid Single Zygomatic Paired
Ethmoid Single Maxillary Paired
Mandible Single
Platine Paired

Malleus Incus Stapes
Auditory Ossicles Paired Paired Paired

14

Sutures

Sagittal Squamous
• Parietal • Parietal • Ossify by
• Frontal • Parietal • Occipital • Parietal 2 years
• Parietal • Temporal
Coronal Lambdoid Fontanels

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16

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18

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Vertebral Column

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Bony Thorax

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Ribs

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Ribs

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Clavicles

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Scapulae

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Humerus

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Forearm

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Wrist

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The Pelvis

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Acetabulum

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Comparing the Male and Female Pelvis

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Femur: (The longest, heaviest bone)

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Tibia and Fibula

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Bones of the Ankle

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Articulations (Joints)
• Fibrous
Synarthroses • No Movement
• Skull Sutures

• Cartilage
Amphiarthroses • Slight Movement
• Inter-Vertebral

• Synovial
Diarthroses • Multiple Movement
• Inter-Carpal/Tarsal

36

Synarthroses

Fibrous Ligament

37

Amphiarthroses

Cartilaginous Joint

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Diarthroses

Synovial Joint

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Typical Synovial Joint

40

Synovial Joint Movement
Movement Definition
Flexion Narrowing joint angle in sagittal plane (bending elbow)
Extension Increasing joint angle in sagittal plane (straightening elbows)
Hyperextension Increasing angle more than in natural position (bending
backwards)
Abduction Lifting a body part away from body midline (in frontal plane)
Adduction Returning a body part to body midline (in frontal plane)
Rotation Turning a body part on axis (horizontal plane) (not rotation
all the way round - see circumduction).
Lateral flexion Bending body sideways (frontal plane)
Lateral extension Returning body to anatomical position

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Synovial Joint Movement
Movement Definition
Elevation Lifting a body part (shoulder shrugs)
Depression Lowering a body part (dropping the jaw)
Protraction Moving a body part outwards
Retraction Bringing a body part back
Horizontal Flexion (starts from abducted position)
Moving arm forwards in horizontal plane
Horizontal Extension (starts from abducted position)
Returning arm to the abducted position
Dorsal Flexion Bending ankle so that the toes are raised
Plantar Flexion Hyperextending ankle joint so toes point downwards
Circumduction Range of movements that create a complete circle (as
opposed to a rotation of less than 360 degrees)
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Flexion// Extension

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Hyperextension

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Lateral flexion// Lateral extension

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Horizontal flexion// Horizontal extension

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Dorsal flexion// Plantar flexion

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Abduction// Adduction

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Elevation// Depression

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Protraction// Retraction

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Medial rotation// Lateral rotation

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Eversion// Inversion

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Pronation// Supination

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Circumduction

54

Thank you “ Ladies”

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Skeletal System

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