Fermentation
Scale up of fermentation
Steps in scale up
Scale up fermentation process
Optimizing scale up of fermentation process
Rules followed while doing scale up
Studies carried out during scale up
Reference
Steps involved in fermentation products producing a viable product output.various steps and process were explained in them. A semester syllabus of undergraduate microbiology student in his/her semester -5 in paper -6 . I think this might be helpful to you and have a good response after reading this .thank you.
Fermentation
Scale up of fermentation
Steps in scale up
Scale up fermentation process
Optimizing scale up of fermentation process
Rules followed while doing scale up
Studies carried out during scale up
Reference
Steps involved in fermentation products producing a viable product output.various steps and process were explained in them. A semester syllabus of undergraduate microbiology student in his/her semester -5 in paper -6 . I think this might be helpful to you and have a good response after reading this .thank you.
Secondary screening of industrial important microbes DhruviSuvagiya
Detection and isolation of a microorganism from a natural environment like soil containing large number of microbial population is called as screening. It is very time consuming and expensive process.
Basic Knowledge about industrial microorganism. why industry choose microorganism rather than chemical. isolation technique of microorganism. source of microorganisms. Process of using microorganism. Disadvantages of using microorganisms in industry. Process of genetic modification of microorganisms. Storage process of microorganism. preservation methods of microorganism. Reculture methods of microorganism.
this presentation elaborates about the process of producing baker's yeast in detail
contents:1)Introduction
2)media and other raw material preparation
3)fermentation conditions
4)industrial preparation
5)Flowchart for the production of baker’s yeast
6)applications of bakers yeast.
Generally, organic acids are produced commercially either by chemical synthesis or fermentation. ... All organic acids of tricarboxylic acid cycle can be produced in high yields in microbiological processes. Among fermentation processes, the production of organic acids is dominated by submerged fermentation.
The term “fermentation” is derived from the Latin verb fervere, to boil, thus describing the appearance of the action of yeast on extracts of fruit or malted grain. The boiling appearance is due to the production of carbon dioxide bubbles caused by the anaerobic catabolism of the sugars present in the extract. However, fermentation has come to have different meanings to biochemists and to industrial microbiologists. Its biochemical meaning relates to the generation of energy by the catabolism of organic compounds, whereas its meaning in industrial microbiology tends to be much broader. Fermentation is a word that has many meanings for the microbiologist: 1 Any process involving the mass culture of microorganisims, either aerobic or anaerobic. 2 Any biological process that occurs in the absence of O2. 3 Food spoilage. 4 The production of
Secondary screening of industrial important microbes DhruviSuvagiya
Detection and isolation of a microorganism from a natural environment like soil containing large number of microbial population is called as screening. It is very time consuming and expensive process.
Basic Knowledge about industrial microorganism. why industry choose microorganism rather than chemical. isolation technique of microorganism. source of microorganisms. Process of using microorganism. Disadvantages of using microorganisms in industry. Process of genetic modification of microorganisms. Storage process of microorganism. preservation methods of microorganism. Reculture methods of microorganism.
this presentation elaborates about the process of producing baker's yeast in detail
contents:1)Introduction
2)media and other raw material preparation
3)fermentation conditions
4)industrial preparation
5)Flowchart for the production of baker’s yeast
6)applications of bakers yeast.
Generally, organic acids are produced commercially either by chemical synthesis or fermentation. ... All organic acids of tricarboxylic acid cycle can be produced in high yields in microbiological processes. Among fermentation processes, the production of organic acids is dominated by submerged fermentation.
The term “fermentation” is derived from the Latin verb fervere, to boil, thus describing the appearance of the action of yeast on extracts of fruit or malted grain. The boiling appearance is due to the production of carbon dioxide bubbles caused by the anaerobic catabolism of the sugars present in the extract. However, fermentation has come to have different meanings to biochemists and to industrial microbiologists. Its biochemical meaning relates to the generation of energy by the catabolism of organic compounds, whereas its meaning in industrial microbiology tends to be much broader. Fermentation is a word that has many meanings for the microbiologist: 1 Any process involving the mass culture of microorganisims, either aerobic or anaerobic. 2 Any biological process that occurs in the absence of O2. 3 Food spoilage. 4 The production of
In microbiology, the term isolation refers to the separation of a strain from a natural, mixed population of living microbes, as present in the environment, for example in water or soil flora, or from living beings with skin flora, oral flora or gut flora, in order to identify the microbe(s) of interest. Historically, the laboratory techniques of isolation first developed in the field of bacteriology and parasitology (during the 19th century), before those in virology during the 20th century. Methods of microbial isolation have drastically changed over the past 50 years, from a labor perspective with increasing mechanization, and in regard to the technology involved, and hence speed and accuracy.
Pure Culture Technique
Culture : Act of cultivating microorganisms or the microorganisms that are cultivated.
Mixed culture : more than one microorganism
Pure culture : containing a single species of organism.
Common isolation techniques:
1. Streak plate method
2. Pour plate method
3. Spread plate method
4. Roll tube method
A pure culture theoretically contains a single bacterial species. There are a number of procedures available for the isolation of pure cultures from mixed populations. A pure culture may be isolated by the use of special media with specific chemical or physical agents that allow the enrichment or selection of one
organism over another.
Originally isolated from nature, but increasingly "improved" by genetic manipulation via mutagenesis and selection or recombinant DNA technology or protoplast fusion (fungi)
The term isolation refers to the separation of a strain from a natural, mixed population of living microbes, as present in the environment. It becomes necessary to maintain the viability and purity of the microorganism by keeping the pure culture free from contamination.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
DERIVATION OF MODIFIED BERNOULLI EQUATION WITH VISCOUS EFFECTS AND TERMINAL V...Wasswaderrick3
In this book, we use conservation of energy techniques on a fluid element to derive the Modified Bernoulli equation of flow with viscous or friction effects. We derive the general equation of flow/ velocity and then from this we derive the Pouiselle flow equation, the transition flow equation and the turbulent flow equation. In the situations where there are no viscous effects , the equation reduces to the Bernoulli equation. From experimental results, we are able to include other terms in the Bernoulli equation. We also look at cases where pressure gradients exist. We use the Modified Bernoulli equation to derive equations of flow rate for pipes of different cross sectional areas connected together. We also extend our techniques of energy conservation to a sphere falling in a viscous medium under the effect of gravity. We demonstrate Stokes equation of terminal velocity and turbulent flow equation. We look at a way of calculating the time taken for a body to fall in a viscous medium. We also look at the general equation of terminal velocity.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Salas, V. (2024) "John of St. Thomas (Poinsot) on the Science of Sacred Theol...Studia Poinsotiana
I Introduction
II Subalternation and Theology
III Theology and Dogmatic Declarations
IV The Mixed Principles of Theology
V Virtual Revelation: The Unity of Theology
VI Theology as a Natural Science
VII Theology’s Certitude
VIII Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
All the contents are fully attributable to the author, Doctor Victor Salas. Should you wish to get this text republished, get in touch with the author or the editorial committee of the Studia Poinsotiana. Insofar as possible, we will be happy to broker your contact.
2. INTRODUCTION
Isolation, prevention and detection of Industrially useful
microorganisms is a time consuming and very expensive
process.
Therefore, it is essential to keep the isolated organisms in a
viable condition so that it retains the desirable characters and it
can be used whenever required for industrial production.
Preservation is a technique by which viability of
microorganisms can be maintained.
3. The criteria for selecting a method of preservation
The period of preservation desired
The nature of culture to be preserved
Aim to maintain and preserve microorganisms
To keep culture alive
Uncontaminated
As healthy as possible, both physically and physiologically.
Culture collection centres
Microbial culture collection (MCC, Pune)
Microbial Type Culture Collection (IMTECH, Chandigarh)
National Fungal Culture Collection of India (Pune)
National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (Pune)
4. TECHNIQUES FOR THE PRESERVATION OF
MICROBES
1. Methods where
organisms are in Continuous
metabolic active state
2. Methods where
organisms are in Suspended
metabolic state
1. Continuous metabolic active state preservation
technique:
In this technique, organisms preserved on general nutrient
medium by repeated sub-culturing. Here repeated
subculturing is required due to depletion or drying of nutrient
medium. This technique includes preservation by following
methods.
5. Periodic transfer to fresh media:
This is the simplest and most common method of maintaining
microbial culture.
Microbes are grown on agar slants and are transferred to fresh
media before they exhaust all the nutrients or dry- out.
There are several factors to be borne in mind while choosing a
suitable medium. Solid media be chosen in preference to
liquid media, so that growth of a contaminated can be more
easily observable.
Besides a suitable substratum, other factors affect the growth
of cultures for storage such as light intensity, temperature,
humidity, culture vessel, method of transfer and storage.
6. Procedures for the preservation of some bacterial
subcultures.
Bacteria Medium Transfer Incubation Storage
temp
Bacillus spp Nutrient
agar
12
months
or longer
28 10
Pseudomonas
spp
Nutrient
agar
3 months 28 10
Clostridium
spp
Robertso
n’s
cooked
meat
medium
12
months
or longer
28 Room
temp
7. Overlaying culture with mineral oil :
Organisms are grown on agar slant then they are covered with
sterile mineral oil to a depth of 1 cm. above the tip of the surface.
This method is simple; one can remove some organisms in
aseptic condition with the help of sterile wire loop and still
preserving the initial culture. Some species preserved
satisfactorily for 15 – 20 years by this method.
Storage in sterile soil:
This method is widely used for preserving spore forming
bacteria and fungi. In this method, organisms will remain in
dormant stage in sterile soil.
Soil sterilized then spore suspension added to it aseptically, this
mixture dried at room temperature and stored in refrigerator.
Viability of organisms found around 70 – 80 years.
8. Saline suspension :
Normal Saline used to provide proper osmotic pressure to
organism’s otherwise high salt concentration is inhibitory for
organisms.
Organisms kept in screw cap bottles in normal saline, stored at
room temperature, wherever required transfer made on agar
slats, and incubated.
9. 2. Methods where organisms are in Suspended metabolic
state
Organisms preserved in suspended metabolic state by either drying
or storing at low temperature. Microbes are dried or kept at low
temperature carefully so that their revival is possible.
Drying in vacuum :
In this technique, organisms dried over chemical instead of air dry.
Cells passed over CaCl2 in a vacuum and then stored in
refrigerator. Organisms survive for longer period.
Lyophilization :
Lyophilization is vacuum sublimation technique. Cells grown in
nutritive media and then this culture distributed in small vials.
These vials culture then immersed in a mixture of dry ice and
alcohol at -78oC. These vials immediately connected to a high-
vacuum line, and when they are completely dried, each vial sealed
under vacuum.
10. This is most effective and widely used technique due to long
time survival, less opportunity for changes in characteristics
of organisms and small storage area. Organisms can survive
for period of 20 years or more.
Cryopreservation or Liquid nitrogen storage:
Microorganisms grown in nutritive media and then this
culture frozen with Cryoprotective agents like Glycerol and
Dimethyl Sulfoxide.
Frozen culture kept in liquid Nitrogen refrigerator.
Organisms can remain alive for longer period.
Storage in silica gel :
Both bacteria and yeast stored by this method. By this
technique, organisms can survive for 1 – 2 years.
Finely Powdered Heat sterilized Silica powder mixed with
thick suspension of cell at low temperature.