The document discusses RNA splicing and the spliceosome. It notes that Phillip Allen Sharp co-discovered RNA splicing and won the 1993 Nobel Prize for discovering that eukaryotic genes contain introns that are removed from messenger RNA through splicing. It then provides details about the spliceosome, a large molecular machine that helps remove introns. The spliceosome is made up of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) including U1, U2, U4, U5 and U6, which act in complexes E, A, B and C during the splicing process.
RNA Polymerase
Introduction
Purification
History
PRODUCTS OF RNAP
Messenger RNA
Non-coding RNA or "RNA genes
Transfer RNA
Ribosomal RNA
Micro RNA
Catalytic RNA (Ribozyme)
prokaryotic and eukaryotic
Transcription by RNA Polymerase
TYPES OF RNA POLYMERASE
Type I
Type II
Type III
Prokaryotic Transcription Unit
EXPRESSION OF A PROKARYOTIC GENE
Prokaryotic Polycistronic Message Codes for Several Different Proteins
Eukaryotic Transcription Unit
ENHANCERS AND SILENCERS
RESULT OF THE TRANSCRIPTION CYCLE
RNAP III TRANSCRIBES HUMAN MICRORNAS
RNAP I–specific subunits promote polymerase clustering to enhance the rRNA gene transcription cycle
RNAP II–TFIIB STRUCTURE AND MECHANISM OF TRANSCRIPTION INITIATION
FIVE CHECKPOINTS MAINTAINING THE FIDELITY OF TRANSCRIPTION BY RNAP IN STRUCTURAL AND ENERGETIC DETAILS
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription with their clinical applicationsrohini sane
A comprehensive presentation on Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic DNA transcription with their clinical applications for Medical, dental, Pharma & Biotechnology students to facilitate self- study.
Eukaryotic transcription is the elaborate process that eukaryotic cells use to copy genetic information stored in DNA into units of RNA replica.- Source: Wikipedia
Introduction
What RNA Splicing???
Discovery
Types
Alternative Splicing
Mechanism
Regulatory element And protein
Splicing repression
Splicing activation
Significance
Diseases
Conclusion
Refrences
CBCS 4TH SEM ,
CHARGING, STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF tRNA,
AMINOACYL RNA SYNTHETASE(ASR) PROOFREADING AND EDITING
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YzOVMWYLiCE
RNA Polymerase
Introduction
Purification
History
PRODUCTS OF RNAP
Messenger RNA
Non-coding RNA or "RNA genes
Transfer RNA
Ribosomal RNA
Micro RNA
Catalytic RNA (Ribozyme)
prokaryotic and eukaryotic
Transcription by RNA Polymerase
TYPES OF RNA POLYMERASE
Type I
Type II
Type III
Prokaryotic Transcription Unit
EXPRESSION OF A PROKARYOTIC GENE
Prokaryotic Polycistronic Message Codes for Several Different Proteins
Eukaryotic Transcription Unit
ENHANCERS AND SILENCERS
RESULT OF THE TRANSCRIPTION CYCLE
RNAP III TRANSCRIBES HUMAN MICRORNAS
RNAP I–specific subunits promote polymerase clustering to enhance the rRNA gene transcription cycle
RNAP II–TFIIB STRUCTURE AND MECHANISM OF TRANSCRIPTION INITIATION
FIVE CHECKPOINTS MAINTAINING THE FIDELITY OF TRANSCRIPTION BY RNAP IN STRUCTURAL AND ENERGETIC DETAILS
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription with their clinical applicationsrohini sane
A comprehensive presentation on Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic DNA transcription with their clinical applications for Medical, dental, Pharma & Biotechnology students to facilitate self- study.
Eukaryotic transcription is the elaborate process that eukaryotic cells use to copy genetic information stored in DNA into units of RNA replica.- Source: Wikipedia
Introduction
What RNA Splicing???
Discovery
Types
Alternative Splicing
Mechanism
Regulatory element And protein
Splicing repression
Splicing activation
Significance
Diseases
Conclusion
Refrences
CBCS 4TH SEM ,
CHARGING, STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF tRNA,
AMINOACYL RNA SYNTHETASE(ASR) PROOFREADING AND EDITING
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YzOVMWYLiCE
RNA editing is a term associated with structural changes in an RNA strand that alter its coding properties. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions include nucleotide and oligonucleotide insertions and deletions as well as base modifications. The diversity of coding strands created by these reactions contributes to the protein diversity present in cells of higher organisms. In this review, we highlight advances in our understanding of the structure, mechanism, regulation, and biological functions of the ADAR enzymes published in the last five years. The ADARs (adenosine deaminases that act on RNA) are multidomain enzymes capable of converting adenosine to inosine at specific locations in certain RNA substrates. These reactions can change codon meaning in mRNA and lead to changes in the structures of proteins, including ligand-gated and voltage-gated ion channels and G-protein coupled receptors expressed in the central nervous system.
Both RNA and DNA are made of nucleotides and take similar shapes. Both contain five-carbon sugars, phosphate groups, and nucleobases (nitrogenous bases). They both play important roles in protein synthesis. DNA has the five-carbon sugar deoxyribose and RNA has the five-carbon sugar ribose, hence their names
This presentation provides an overview of What is a transposon,different types of transposons, their mechanism of action, examples for each type of transposons, changes caused due to insertion of transposon into the target gene and applications of Transposons. They are controlling factors in gene expression. Jumping genes is a special area of interest in Genetic research.
DNA & RNA the basic bio molecules of heredity are very complex molecules with definite structure and functions. Few of the basic structures and functions are described in the presentation.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
2. • the removal of introns from a primary
transcript and the subsequent joining
of exons in the production of a
mature RNA molecule.
RNA
splicing
transcriptio
n
exons
intron
s
Rna
splicing
translation
DNA PRE-
MRNA
MATURED
RNA Polypeptid
e
3. history
phillip Allen Sharp is an American
geneticist and molecular biologist
who co-discovered RNA splicing. He
shared the 1993 Nobel Prize with
Richard J. Roberts for "the discovery
that genes in eukaryotes are not
contiguous strings but contain
introns, and that the splicing of
messenger RNA to delete those
introns can occur in different ways,
yielding different proteins from the
same DNA sequence".
phillip Allen Sharp Richard J. Roberts
9. • It is a large and complex
molecular machine which
helps to remove the introns
from pre-Mrna molecule
Spliceosome
●The complexes of snRNA and
proteins are called small nuclear
ribonuclear proteins (snRNP,
pronounces “snurps”).
There are 5 snrnp’s
U1, U2, U4, U5, U6
● Spliceosome act by formation
of-
COMPLEX E
COMPLEX A
COMPLEX B
COMPLEX C
11. E complex
a complex
a complex
b complex
b complex
c complex
u1 bbp
u2af65
u2af36
u1
u1
u1
u1
bbp
u1
u2
u2
u2af65
u2af36
u2
U6, u4, u5
u4
U6, u4, u5
u2
