Renal structure and function physiology
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The kidneys are paired organs located retroperitoneally that are responsible for filtering blood and regulating fluid and electrolyte balance. The kidneys contain nephrons, which are the functional filtering units. Blood enters nephrons via the glomerulus and is filtered, and the filtrate undergoes reabsorption and secretion as it passes through the renal tubules. Urine is formed and collects in the renal pelvis before exiting through the ureters. Kidney function can be assessed through urinalysis and measurements of substances such as creatinine, BUN, and inulin clearance.
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Urinary system
The document describes the anatomy and physiology of the urinary system. It discusses the key parts which include the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys contain nephrons, which are the functional units that filter blood to form urine. Urine is produced via glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and secretion. The kidneys play important roles in regulating water balance, electrolyte balance, and acid-base balance in the body.
Functions of urinary system, Kidney & Nephron
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter the blood, remove waste and regulate fluid balance by producing urine. The urine travels from the kidneys through the ureters into the bladder, where it is stored until excreted through the urethra. The urinary system plays key roles in regulating blood pressure, electrolyte and acid-base balance, and red blood cell production by releasing hormones and filtering wastes from the bloodstream.
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The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine. Each kidney contains over a million nephrons, the functional units that filter blood. Urine is composed of water and waste products like urea and passes from the kidneys through the ureters to the bladder. Hormones and the nervous system help regulate urine production to maintain fluid balance and blood pressure within tight limits.
Anatomy and physiology of the Urinary system by Dipali Harkhani
The document summarizes the anatomy and physiology of the urinary system. It describes the main components of the urinary system as the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine, which travels through the ureters to the bladder. The bladder stores urine until urination, when urine exits through the urethra. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney that filters blood and modifies it into urine through processes of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.
Urinary system ------(Physiology)
The urinary system removes waste from the bloodstream through the kidneys, stores it in the bladder, and excretes it from the body through the urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to form urine, which travels through the ureters to the bladder. When full, the bladder contracts to expel urine through the urethra in a process called micturition. The kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra work together to maintain homeostasis by regulating waste removal, fluid balance, and blood pressure.
Genito-urinary disorders
This document provides an overview of genito-urinary disorders and the anatomy and physiology of the urinary system. It describes the key components of the urinary system including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. It then focuses on the anatomy and functions of the kidneys, nephrons, glomerulus, and the three step process of urine formation through glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion. Common genito-urinary disorders like urinary tract infections, cystitis, pyelonephritis, prostatitis, urethritis, and nephrotic syndrome are also summarized.
The urinary system
The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, one urinary bladder, and one urethra. The kidneys filter wastes from the blood and regulate fluid and electrolyte balance. Each kidney contains over a million nephrons, the functional units that filter blood in the glomerulus and reabsorb useful substances along the renal tubules. The kidneys secrete urine that travels through ureters to the bladder, where it is temporarily stored then expelled through the urethra. The urinary system plays critical roles in homeostasis by filtering wastes and regulating water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance.
Urinary system
The urinary system filters wastes from the blood and removes them from the body as urine. The kidneys filter blood to form urine and regulate fluid and electrolyte balance. Each kidney contains millions of nephrons, the functional units of filtration. Urine is transported from the kidneys to the bladder via ureters and is stored in the bladder until elimination through the urethra. Hormones help regulate urine concentration and output to maintain fluid homeostasis.
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Urinary system
The document describes the anatomy and physiology of the urinary system. It discusses the key parts which include the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys contain nephrons, which are the functional units that filter blood to form urine. Urine is produced via glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and secretion. The kidneys play important roles in regulating water balance, electrolyte balance, and acid-base balance in the body.
Functions of urinary system, Kidney & Nephron
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter the blood, remove waste and regulate fluid balance by producing urine. The urine travels from the kidneys through the ureters into the bladder, where it is stored until excreted through the urethra. The urinary system plays key roles in regulating blood pressure, electrolyte and acid-base balance, and red blood cell production by releasing hormones and filtering wastes from the bloodstream.
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The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine. Each kidney contains over a million nephrons, the functional units that filter blood. Urine is composed of water and waste products like urea and passes from the kidneys through the ureters to the bladder. Hormones and the nervous system help regulate urine production to maintain fluid balance and blood pressure within tight limits.
Anatomy and physiology of the Urinary system by Dipali Harkhani
The document summarizes the anatomy and physiology of the urinary system. It describes the main components of the urinary system as the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine, which travels through the ureters to the bladder. The bladder stores urine until urination, when urine exits through the urethra. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney that filters blood and modifies it into urine through processes of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.
Urinary system ------(Physiology)
The urinary system removes waste from the bloodstream through the kidneys, stores it in the bladder, and excretes it from the body through the urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to form urine, which travels through the ureters to the bladder. When full, the bladder contracts to expel urine through the urethra in a process called micturition. The kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra work together to maintain homeostasis by regulating waste removal, fluid balance, and blood pressure.
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This document provides an overview of genito-urinary disorders and the anatomy and physiology of the urinary system. It describes the key components of the urinary system including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. It then focuses on the anatomy and functions of the kidneys, nephrons, glomerulus, and the three step process of urine formation through glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion. Common genito-urinary disorders like urinary tract infections, cystitis, pyelonephritis, prostatitis, urethritis, and nephrotic syndrome are also summarized.
The urinary system
The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, one urinary bladder, and one urethra. The kidneys filter wastes from the blood and regulate fluid and electrolyte balance. Each kidney contains over a million nephrons, the functional units that filter blood in the glomerulus and reabsorb useful substances along the renal tubules. The kidneys secrete urine that travels through ureters to the bladder, where it is temporarily stored then expelled through the urethra. The urinary system plays critical roles in homeostasis by filtering wastes and regulating water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance.
Urinary system
The urinary system filters wastes from the blood and removes them from the body as urine. The kidneys filter blood to form urine and regulate fluid and electrolyte balance. Each kidney contains millions of nephrons, the functional units of filtration. Urine is transported from the kidneys to the bladder via ureters and is stored in the bladder until elimination through the urethra. Hormones help regulate urine concentration and output to maintain fluid homeostasis.
Urinary+system+anatomy+and+physiology
The document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the urinary system. It describes the key components including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. It explains the functions of the kidneys in filtering waste and regulating fluid balance. It also details the nephron, the functional unit of the kidney, and how it produces urine through glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and secretion.
Urinary system
The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, a urinary bladder, and a urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to form urine. The ureters carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. The bladder stores urine until urination. During urination, urine exits the body through the urethra. Together, these components work to regulate fluid balance and remove waste from the body.
Urinary system
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra. The kidneys filter the blood to remove wastes and produce urine. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney that filters blood and forms urine. Urine passes from the kidneys through the ureters into the bladder, and is then emptied through the urethra. Urine formation involves glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and secretion, and a countercurrent mechanism in the kidney. The urinary system regulates water and electrolyte balance and removes nitrogenous wastes from the body.
physiology and anatomy of urinary system
The urinary system functions to remove waste from the bloodstream, regulate fluid balance and electrolyte levels, and release important hormones. The kidneys filter around 50 gallons of blood per day, reabsorbing almost all of it back into circulation except for waste products like urea and excess water, which exit the body as urine through the ureters, bladder, and urethra. Each kidney contains over a million nephrons, the functional units that filter blood, reabsorb necessary molecules and ions, and secrete urine through a complex multi-step process along the nephron tubule. Urine production is regulated by hormones like ADH and aldosterone to maintain fluid homeostasis.
Nervous system ( anatomy and physiology)
the topic contain function of nervous system, classification of nervous system, neurons anatomy, structural classification of neurons, functional classification of neurons, nerve impulse
Urinary system
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter the blood to remove wastes and produce urine. The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron, which contains the glomerulus that filters the blood and Bowman's capsule. The kidneys regulate fluid balance and blood pressure through hormones like antidiuretic hormone and renin. The bladder stores urine and its transitional epithelium and rugae allow it to expand as it fills. The urethra then carries urine from the bladder out of the body.
Renal blood flow & jga
1. Renal blood flow is tightly regulated to maintain a constant rate of around 1200 mL/min despite wide changes in blood pressure, through mechanisms like autoregulation and tubuloglomerular feedback.
2. The kidneys receive a high blood flow of around 20-30% of cardiac output despite their small size, and oxygen consumption in the kidneys is very high, second only to the heart.
3. Blood enters the kidneys through the renal artery and is distributed through a branching network of arteries before entering the glomerular capillaries and surrounding the nephron tubules, with the renal veins collecting the blood and returning it to circulation.
Kidney function
The kidney has four main functions:
1. Excretory - forms and excretes urine through glomerular filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
2. Homeostatic - regulates blood volume, pressure, pH and electrolyte concentrations
3. Endocrine - produces hormones like erythropoietin, renin, and prostaglandins
4. Metabolic - performs gluconeogenesis during starvation and metabolizes hormones
Urine formation function of kidney
The document summarizes the key structures and mechanisms involved in urine formation by the kidneys. The glomeruli, proximal canaliculi, and distal canaliculi are responsible for filtration, reabsorption, and secretion to form urine. Filtration occurs as blood is filtered in the glomeruli, producing primary urine. Most of the filtered substances are then reabsorbed back into the bloodstream in the canaliculi. Remaining substances and waste are excreted in the final urine output, with the kidneys processing around 180 L of blood filtrate per day.
Urinary system
The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, one urinary bladder, and one urethra. The kidneys filter the blood and produce urine by regulating ions, volume, pH, and producing hormones. Urine passes from the kidneys to the bladder via the ureters. The bladder stores urine which is then expelled through the urethra. The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron, which filters blood and reabsorbs needed substances while secreting waste for urine production.
Urinary system
The urinary system includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter the blood to remove wastes and regulate fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balance. The kidneys contain nephrons that filter blood in the glomerulus and reabsorb nutrients in the tubules. The remaining fluid becomes urine and drains into the bladder via the ureters. When full, the bladder empties urine through the urethra and out of the body. The urinary system works to regulate blood volume and pressure, maintain electrolyte and acid-base balance, conserve nutrients, and remove wastes and toxins from the body.
Urinary system
The urinary system filters waste from the blood and removes it from the body as urine. It includes the kidneys, which filter blood and produce urine, removing wastes and regulating water and electrolyte levels. Urine travels from the kidneys through ureters to the bladder, where it is stored until excreted through the urethra. The kidneys contain nephrons, which filter blood and form urine, and consist of a glomerulus and tubules. Urine is produced through filtration, reabsorption, and secretion processes in the nephrons and collects in the renal pelvis before exiting through the ureters into the bladder.
The urinary system
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter the blood to remove wastes and produce urine. The urine travels from the kidneys down the ureters into the urinary bladder, where it is stored until emptying through the urethra. The nephrons are the functional units of the kidney that filter the blood and regulate water and electrolyte balance to produce urine and maintain homeostasis. Common disorders of the urinary system include renal failure, cystitis, kidney stones, and urinary incontinence.
Urine formation
Dr. K. Rama Rao
Department of Zoology
Govt, Degree College
TEKKALI; Srikakulam Dt: A.P.
Phone: 9010705687
Physiology of urine formation
The document summarizes the physiology of urine formation through glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion. It describes the histology of the nephron including the glomerular capsule, renal tubule, and collecting duct. The three basic processes of urine production are glomerular filtration where fluid is filtered from blood, tubular reabsorption where the kidney reabsorbs water and solutes, and tubular secretion where wastes and excess ions are secreted into the urine. Hormonal regulation by systems like renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone help control tubular reabsorption and secretion.
Anatomy and Physilogy of Urinary System (Renal System)
The urinary system is responsible for filtering blood and producing urine. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to form urine, while regulating water and electrolyte levels. Urine travels from the kidneys through ureters to the bladder, where it is stored until excreted through the urethra. The key parts are the kidneys, which contain nephrons that filter blood and reabsorb necessary substances; ureters, which transport urine from kidneys to bladder; and bladder, which stores urine until excretion. Together this system eliminates wastes and regulates fluid and electrolyte balance in the body.
Urinary system
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood and regulate fluid and electrolyte balance. The ureters transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder, which stores urine until emptying through the urethra. Together this system works to maintain homeostasis by regulating waste removal, pH balance, and water levels in the body.
Uninary System
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine. Urine travels from the kidneys down the ureters into the bladder, where it is stored until urination. During urination, urine exits the body through the urethra. The kidneys contain nephrons, which are the functional filtering units of the kidney and include a glomerulus and renal tubule. Nephrons remove waste from the blood via glomerular filtration and reabsorb useful molecules like water before urine is stored in the bladder.
Renal system
The renal system consists of the kidneys and urinary bladder. The kidneys play a vital role in maintaining fluid balance and composition in the body, regulating the internal environment. The kidneys are composed of nephrons which filter blood, reabsorbing necessary substances and secreting waste products to produce urine. Urine is stored in the bladder and emptied during micturition.
Anatomy of urinary system
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter the blood to remove waste and produce urine. Approximately 1 million nephrons in each kidney filter blood and form urine. The ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra form the urinary tract to store and release urine produced by the kidneys.
Renal presentation
This document outlines a presentation on renal handling of urea, uric acid, and creatinine. It begins with objectives to explain renal clearance and discuss handling of the three substances. Renal clearance is introduced as the rate at which a solute is removed from the body by excretion or metabolism. Urea is 50% reabsorbed in the proximal tubule and its excretion varies with urine flow rate. Uric acid freely filters but is almost entirely reabsorbed and then secreted back in the proximal tubule. Creatinine is neither reabsorbed nor secreted and its clearance can estimate glomerular filtration rate.
Chap23 powerpoint 97 03
The document provides an overview of the urinary system and kidney functions. It discusses:
- The main components of the urinary system including kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.
- The key functions of the kidneys which include filtering blood, regulating fluid and electrolyte balance, controlling blood pressure, and producing hormones.
- The anatomy of the kidneys including their location, layers of tissue, blood supply, and the functional unit of the kidney called the nephron.
- The three stages of urine formation: glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and secretion, and the regulation of glomerular filtration rate.
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Urinary+system+anatomy+and+physiology
The document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the urinary system. It describes the key components including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. It explains the functions of the kidneys in filtering waste and regulating fluid balance. It also details the nephron, the functional unit of the kidney, and how it produces urine through glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and secretion.
Urinary system
The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, a urinary bladder, and a urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to form urine. The ureters carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. The bladder stores urine until urination. During urination, urine exits the body through the urethra. Together, these components work to regulate fluid balance and remove waste from the body.
Urinary system
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra. The kidneys filter the blood to remove wastes and produce urine. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney that filters blood and forms urine. Urine passes from the kidneys through the ureters into the bladder, and is then emptied through the urethra. Urine formation involves glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and secretion, and a countercurrent mechanism in the kidney. The urinary system regulates water and electrolyte balance and removes nitrogenous wastes from the body.
physiology and anatomy of urinary system
The urinary system functions to remove waste from the bloodstream, regulate fluid balance and electrolyte levels, and release important hormones. The kidneys filter around 50 gallons of blood per day, reabsorbing almost all of it back into circulation except for waste products like urea and excess water, which exit the body as urine through the ureters, bladder, and urethra. Each kidney contains over a million nephrons, the functional units that filter blood, reabsorb necessary molecules and ions, and secrete urine through a complex multi-step process along the nephron tubule. Urine production is regulated by hormones like ADH and aldosterone to maintain fluid homeostasis.
Nervous system ( anatomy and physiology)
the topic contain function of nervous system, classification of nervous system, neurons anatomy, structural classification of neurons, functional classification of neurons, nerve impulse
Urinary system
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter the blood to remove wastes and produce urine. The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron, which contains the glomerulus that filters the blood and Bowman's capsule. The kidneys regulate fluid balance and blood pressure through hormones like antidiuretic hormone and renin. The bladder stores urine and its transitional epithelium and rugae allow it to expand as it fills. The urethra then carries urine from the bladder out of the body.
Renal blood flow & jga
1. Renal blood flow is tightly regulated to maintain a constant rate of around 1200 mL/min despite wide changes in blood pressure, through mechanisms like autoregulation and tubuloglomerular feedback.
2. The kidneys receive a high blood flow of around 20-30% of cardiac output despite their small size, and oxygen consumption in the kidneys is very high, second only to the heart.
3. Blood enters the kidneys through the renal artery and is distributed through a branching network of arteries before entering the glomerular capillaries and surrounding the nephron tubules, with the renal veins collecting the blood and returning it to circulation.
Kidney function
The kidney has four main functions:
1. Excretory - forms and excretes urine through glomerular filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
2. Homeostatic - regulates blood volume, pressure, pH and electrolyte concentrations
3. Endocrine - produces hormones like erythropoietin, renin, and prostaglandins
4. Metabolic - performs gluconeogenesis during starvation and metabolizes hormones
Urine formation function of kidney
The document summarizes the key structures and mechanisms involved in urine formation by the kidneys. The glomeruli, proximal canaliculi, and distal canaliculi are responsible for filtration, reabsorption, and secretion to form urine. Filtration occurs as blood is filtered in the glomeruli, producing primary urine. Most of the filtered substances are then reabsorbed back into the bloodstream in the canaliculi. Remaining substances and waste are excreted in the final urine output, with the kidneys processing around 180 L of blood filtrate per day.
Urinary system
The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, one urinary bladder, and one urethra. The kidneys filter the blood and produce urine by regulating ions, volume, pH, and producing hormones. Urine passes from the kidneys to the bladder via the ureters. The bladder stores urine which is then expelled through the urethra. The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron, which filters blood and reabsorbs needed substances while secreting waste for urine production.
Urinary system
The urinary system includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter the blood to remove wastes and regulate fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balance. The kidneys contain nephrons that filter blood in the glomerulus and reabsorb nutrients in the tubules. The remaining fluid becomes urine and drains into the bladder via the ureters. When full, the bladder empties urine through the urethra and out of the body. The urinary system works to regulate blood volume and pressure, maintain electrolyte and acid-base balance, conserve nutrients, and remove wastes and toxins from the body.
Urinary system
The urinary system filters waste from the blood and removes it from the body as urine. It includes the kidneys, which filter blood and produce urine, removing wastes and regulating water and electrolyte levels. Urine travels from the kidneys through ureters to the bladder, where it is stored until excreted through the urethra. The kidneys contain nephrons, which filter blood and form urine, and consist of a glomerulus and tubules. Urine is produced through filtration, reabsorption, and secretion processes in the nephrons and collects in the renal pelvis before exiting through the ureters into the bladder.
The urinary system
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter the blood to remove wastes and produce urine. The urine travels from the kidneys down the ureters into the urinary bladder, where it is stored until emptying through the urethra. The nephrons are the functional units of the kidney that filter the blood and regulate water and electrolyte balance to produce urine and maintain homeostasis. Common disorders of the urinary system include renal failure, cystitis, kidney stones, and urinary incontinence.
Urine formation
Dr. K. Rama Rao
Department of Zoology
Govt, Degree College
TEKKALI; Srikakulam Dt: A.P.
Phone: 9010705687
Physiology of urine formation
The document summarizes the physiology of urine formation through glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion. It describes the histology of the nephron including the glomerular capsule, renal tubule, and collecting duct. The three basic processes of urine production are glomerular filtration where fluid is filtered from blood, tubular reabsorption where the kidney reabsorbs water and solutes, and tubular secretion where wastes and excess ions are secreted into the urine. Hormonal regulation by systems like renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone help control tubular reabsorption and secretion.
Anatomy and Physilogy of Urinary System (Renal System)
The urinary system is responsible for filtering blood and producing urine. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to form urine, while regulating water and electrolyte levels. Urine travels from the kidneys through ureters to the bladder, where it is stored until excreted through the urethra. The key parts are the kidneys, which contain nephrons that filter blood and reabsorb necessary substances; ureters, which transport urine from kidneys to bladder; and bladder, which stores urine until excretion. Together this system eliminates wastes and regulates fluid and electrolyte balance in the body.
Urinary system
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood and regulate fluid and electrolyte balance. The ureters transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder, which stores urine until emptying through the urethra. Together this system works to maintain homeostasis by regulating waste removal, pH balance, and water levels in the body.
Uninary System
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine. Urine travels from the kidneys down the ureters into the bladder, where it is stored until urination. During urination, urine exits the body through the urethra. The kidneys contain nephrons, which are the functional filtering units of the kidney and include a glomerulus and renal tubule. Nephrons remove waste from the blood via glomerular filtration and reabsorb useful molecules like water before urine is stored in the bladder.
Renal system
The renal system consists of the kidneys and urinary bladder. The kidneys play a vital role in maintaining fluid balance and composition in the body, regulating the internal environment. The kidneys are composed of nephrons which filter blood, reabsorbing necessary substances and secreting waste products to produce urine. Urine is stored in the bladder and emptied during micturition.
Anatomy of urinary system
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter the blood to remove waste and produce urine. Approximately 1 million nephrons in each kidney filter blood and form urine. The ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra form the urinary tract to store and release urine produced by the kidneys.
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Anatomy and Physilogy of Urinary System (Renal System)
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This document outlines a presentation on renal handling of urea, uric acid, and creatinine. It begins with objectives to explain renal clearance and discuss handling of the three substances. Renal clearance is introduced as the rate at which a solute is removed from the body by excretion or metabolism. Urea is 50% reabsorbed in the proximal tubule and its excretion varies with urine flow rate. Uric acid freely filters but is almost entirely reabsorbed and then secreted back in the proximal tubule. Creatinine is neither reabsorbed nor secreted and its clearance can estimate glomerular filtration rate.
Chap23 powerpoint 97 03
The document provides an overview of the urinary system and kidney functions. It discusses:
- The main components of the urinary system including kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.
- The key functions of the kidneys which include filtering blood, regulating fluid and electrolyte balance, controlling blood pressure, and producing hormones.
- The anatomy of the kidneys including their location, layers of tissue, blood supply, and the functional unit of the kidney called the nephron.
- The three stages of urine formation: glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and secretion, and the regulation of glomerular filtration rate.
Renal structure and function
The kidneys are paired organs located retroperitoneally that are responsible for filtering blood and regulating homeostasis. Each kidney contains millions of nephrons, the functional units that filter blood to form urine via glomerular filtration. Urine passes from the nephrons through the renal medulla and pelvis into the ureters. Hormones and pressure differences influence filtration and reabsorption of water and solutes along the nephron tubules to produce concentrated urine. Urinalysis can detect abnormalities in kidney function by measuring properties like pH, specific gravity, and microscopic constituents. Blood tests also evaluate renal function by analyzing creatinine, BUN, and clearance rates.
Hemoglobin and insulin
Hemoglobin is composed of four globin molecules and four heme groups that reversibly bind oxygen. Each heme group contains an iron atom held at the center of a porphyrin ring. Hemoglobin transports oxygen from the lungs to tissues via oxygen binding to the heme groups. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood glucose levels. It is composed of two polypeptide chains that form a hexamer structure. Insulin causes cells to uptake glucose from the blood for energy storage.
Excretory system
The excretory system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra which work together to remove waste from the body. The kidneys filter blood and regulate waste removal by selectively reabsorbing useful compounds while secreting metabolic wastes into urine. This urine is then transported through the ureters to the bladder and finally expelled from the body through the urethra, aided by other excretory organs like the skin, lungs, large intestine and liver.
Renal physiology 3
I am a medical student. I have one friend who is persuing his MBBS degree in Taishan Medical UNiversity. I got these notes from him.
These notes are by Dr. Bikesh, He is a famous lecturer of TMU.
These notes have helped me a lot and i also watch his lecture videos , which are great; highly simple and huge content.
I am uploading with Renal physiology. If you want some other topics i would upload for you.
"Let the Knowledge be spread" Dr. Bikesh
The human body systemsphatmtech
The human body is composed of 11 organ systems that work together to keep us alive. Each system is made up of major structures that carry out important functions. The organ systems include the circulatory system which transports blood throughout the body; the digestive system which breaks down food and absorbs nutrients; and the nervous system which controls the body's functions and senses the environment. Working in harmony, these 11 systems allow the human body to survive and thrive.
Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
The document discusses the functions of the juxtaglomerular apparatus and hormonal control in the urinary system. It describes the juxtaglomerular apparatus as a specialized structure located where the distal tubule contacts the renal corpuscle. It regulates renal functions through the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and vasopressin response to osmolarity levels which control water retention and excretion. These systems work together to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance.
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The major organs involved in drug excretion are the kidneys and liver. The kidneys excrete drugs through glomerular filtration, tubular secretion, and tubular reabsorption in the nephron. The liver excretes some drugs and their metabolites into bile. Pulmonary excretion eliminates gaseous and volatile substances through expiration.
Renal Physiology (II) - Glomerular Structure & Filtration - Dr. Gawad
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9.2 transport in the phloem of plants
1. Plants transport organic compounds like sucrose from sources of production, like leaves, to sinks of storage or use, like roots and fruits.
2. Sucrose is actively loaded into phloem sieve tubes in the leaves through the use of ATP. This increases the solute concentration in the phloem.
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Renal Physiology
The document provides an overview of renal physiology and the structure and function of the kidney and nephron. It describes the kidney as a bean-shaped organ that filters blood to produce urine and removes wastes. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, consisting of a glomerulus and tubules (proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct) that work together to regulate water and electrolyte levels via selective reabsorption and secretion processes along different portions of the tubule. The loop of Henle plays a key role in concentrating urine by establishing an osmotic gradient in the kidney medulla.
Kidney histology
This document provides an overview of the normal histology of the kidney. It describes the anatomy and histological features of the major structures of the kidney, including the cortex, medulla, renal corpuscle, nephron (glomerulus, proximal and distal tubules, loop of Henle), collecting duct system, and juxtaglomerular apparatus. Key cellular components such as podocytes, mesangial cells, and intercalated cells are also discussed. The functions of the kidney in regulating fluid and electrolyte balance and producing hormones are briefly introduced.
the urinary system
The urinary system consists of paired kidneys, ureters, a urinary bladder, and a urethra. The kidneys filter the blood to remove wastes and excess water, which are collected in the bladder via the ureters. When full, the bladder contracts to expel urine through the urethra. Each kidney contains millions of nephrons, the functional units that filter the blood, reabsorb necessary molecules, and secrete wastes into the urine. The collected urine is concentrated in the kidneys before exiting through the ureters into the bladder for storage and eventual expulsion.
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Renal Physiology (II) - Glomerular Structure & Filtration - Dr. Gawad
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The Excretory system
The Excretory system is responsible for the elimination of wastes produced by homeostasis.
There are several parts of the body that are involved in this process, such as sweat glands, the liver, the lungs and the kidney system. ... From there, urine is expelled through the urethra and out of the body.
Urinary system
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra, and it is responsible for filtering the blood and eliminating waste from the body in the form of urine. The kidneys contain millions of nephrons that filter blood to remove waste and regulate water and electrolyte levels. Urine is transported from the kidneys to the bladder via the ureters and is then excreted through the urethra. Diseases can impact kidney function and sometimes require dialysis or transplantation.
702 kidney
The urinary system filters wastes from the blood and regulates fluid balance through the kidneys and urine production. The kidneys contain nephrons which filter blood to form urine and regulate electrolyte and acid-base balance. Urine passes from the kidneys through ureters to the bladder and is eliminated through the urethra. Precise control of filtration, reabsorption and secretion allows the kidneys to regulate fluid balance and remove nitrogenous and other wastes from the body.
Urogenital
The document discusses the human urogenital system and kidney anatomy and function. It provides details on:
- The location and external anatomy of the kidneys in the body.
- The internal anatomy of the kidneys including nephrons, renal corpuscles, tubules, and collecting ducts.
- How the kidneys filter blood to remove wastes and regulate fluid and electrolyte balance through processes like filtration, reabsorption, and secretion in the nephrons.
- Hormonal control of kidney functions including ADH and aldosterone.
Chapter 15 the uirnary system
The urinary system filters waste and regulates homeostasis through the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys contain nephrons which filter blood in the glomerulus and reabsorb water and ions while secreting wastes like urea through tubules. Precise regulation of reabsorption and secretion allows the production of hypertonic urine while maintaining electrolyte and pH balance.
Week 13, Urinary system, student version.pptx
This presentation is prepared for Medical students. Presentation is about the whole urinary system. It helps students to reach the knowledge about Urinary System, because in presentation giving the main information about urinary system.
The urinary system
The urinary system filters waste and regulates water balance. The kidneys contain nephrons which are the functional units. Nephrons contain a glomerulus for blood filtration and renal tubules for reabsorption and secretion. Filtration in the glomerulus forms an ultrafiltrate which is then modified by tubular processes to form urine. Tubular reabsorption recovers necessary molecules while secretion adds waste. Together filtration, reabsorption and secretion by nephrons precisely regulate urine composition to maintain water, electrolyte and acid-base balance in the blood.
Renal Principles
The document discusses renal and kidney function including:
1. The functions of the kidney including regulation of fluid balance, electrolytes, acid-base balance, and hormone production.
2. The structure of the nephron and how it filters blood to form urine through processes like glomerular filtration and reabsorption.
3. Factors that influence kidney function like the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and how different drugs can impact renal excretion and dosing considerations in renal failure.
09 urinary system
The urinary system regulates blood composition and excretes waste through the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. The kidneys filter blood to form urine and regulate electrolyte and fluid levels. Urine passes from the kidneys through the ureters to the bladder, where it is temporarily stored until urination. During urination, urine exits the body through the urethra under control of sphincter muscles. The urinary system helps maintain homeostasis by regulating water balance and removing toxins and wastes from the bloodstream.
12. urinary system
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to form urine. Each kidney contains over 1 million nephrons, the basic functional units that filter blood and form urine. Urine travels from the kidneys through the ureters to the urinary bladder, where it is stored until micturition. During micturition, muscles contract to expel urine through the urethra and out of the body. Precise regulation of urine production, composition, and excretion helps maintain fluid and electrolyte balance in the body.
KIDNEY - normal histology, clinical syndromes related to renal failure, Patho...
KIDNEY - normal histology, clinical syndromes related to renal failure, Pathophysiology of renal failure, ARF
URINARY SYSTEM.ppt555555555555555555555555
The document discusses the structure and function of the renal (urinary) system. It begins by outlining the key parts of the renal system - the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. It then describes the internal structure of the kidneys including nephrons, which are the functional units that filter blood to form urine. The three stages of urine formation are discussed - filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. Filtration occurs in the glomerulus to remove wastes, which are then selectively reabsorbed or secreted along the nephron as urine is formed. Hormones like ADH and aldosterone help regulate fluid and electrolyte balance.
Kidney and urinary system parts and their functions
The urinary system's function is to filter blood and create urine as a waste by-product. The organs of the urinary system include the kidneys, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder and urethra.
The body takes nutrients from food and converts them to energy. After the body has taken the food components that it needs, waste products are left behind in the bowel and in the blood.
The kidney and urinary systems help the body to eliminate liquid waste called urea, and to keep chemicals, such as potassium and sodium, and water in balance. Urea is produced when foods containing protein, such as meat, poultry, and certain vegetables, are broken down in the body. Urea is carried in the bloodstream to the kidneys, where it is removed along with water and other wastes in the form of urine.The kidneys remove urea from the blood through tiny filtering units called nephrons. Each nephron consists of a ball formed of small blood capillaries, called a glomerulus, and a small tube called a renal tubule. Urea, together with water and other waste substances, forms the urine as it passes through the nephrons and down the renal tubules of the kidney.Two ureters. These narrow tubes carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. Muscles in the ureter walls continually tighten and relax forcing urine downward, away from the kidneys. If urine backs up, or is allowed to stand still, a kidney infection can develop. About every 10 to 15 seconds, small amounts of urine are emptied into the bladder from the ureters.Two ureters. These narrow tubes carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. Muscles in the ureter walls continually tighten and relax forcing urine downward, away from the kidneys. If urine backs up, or is allowed to stand still, a kidney infection can develop. About every 10 to 15 seconds, small amounts of urine are emptied into the bladder from the ureters.Bladder. This triangle-shaped, hollow organ is located in the lower abdomen. It is held in place by ligaments that are attached to other organs and the pelvic bones. The bladder's walls relax and expand to store urine, and contract and flatten to empty urine through the urethra. The typical healthy adult bladder can store up to two cups of urine for two to five hours.
Upon examination, specific "landmarks" are used to describe the location of any irregularities in the bladder. These are:
Trigone: a triangle-shaped region near the junction of the urethra and the bladder
Right and left lateral walls: walls on either side of the trigone
Posterior wall: back wall
Two sphincter muscles. These circular muscles help keep urine from leaking by closing tightly like a rubber band around the opening of the bladder.
Nerves in the bladder. The nerves alert a person when it is time to urinate, or empty the bladder.
Urethra. This tube allows urine to pass outside the body. The brain signals the bladder muscles to tighten, which squeezes urine out of the bladder. At the same time, the brain signals the sphincter muscles to rel
Urinary system
The urinary system filters wastes from the blood and excretes them as urine. Key functions include the kidneys filtering blood to form urine and regulating fluid and electrolyte balance. The kidneys contain nephrons, the functional units that filter blood, reabsorb useful substances, and secrete wastes. Urine is transported from the kidneys to the bladder via ureters and stored in the bladder before being eliminated through the urethra.
Renal system bundle.pdf
The document provides information about the renal (urinary) system. It describes the anatomy and functions of the kidneys, nephrons, and other structures involved in urine formation and excretion. It discusses urine production and the role of the kidneys in maintaining fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. Common kidney problems like urinary tract infections and glomerulonephritis are also summarized.
RENAL FUNCTION AND RENAL FUNCTION TESTS -RACOH.pptx
The document discusses renal function and renal function tests. It begins by introducing the important functions of the kidneys, including removal of waste, regulation of water/electrolytes, and participation in hormone regulation. It then describes renal anatomy, including the structures of the nephron and how urine is formed and transported. Finally, it details the three main renal processes - glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion - and how they work together to regulate waste removal and fluid/electrolyte balance.
Urinary system
The urinary system removes waste from the blood and regulates fluid balance. It includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys contain nephrons which filter waste from the blood to form urine via glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion. Urine is stored in the bladder and exits the body through the urethra. Kidney diseases can cause stones or failure requiring dialysis or transplant.
excretory system URINARY SYSTEM GENITOURINARY SYSTEM
The genitourinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine. Each kidney contains approximately 1 million nephrons, which are the functional filtering units of the kidney. In the nephrons, blood is filtered in the glomerulus and most of the filtrate is reabsorbed, with the remaining filtrate becoming urine. Urine travels from the kidneys through the ureters to the urinary bladder, where it is temporarily stored until urination through the urethra.
Excretion system of urea in human revise by Ahmed Ghdhban Alziaydi
1. The kidneys filter waste from the blood and regulate water and electrolyte levels.
2. The nephrons are the functional units of the kidneys that filter blood and produce urine.
3. Urine travels from the kidneys through the ureters to the urinary bladder for temporary storage and then exits through the urethra.
OSCE Tutorial W8 AKI & Urinalysis.pptx
1) The document provides an overview of acute kidney injury (AKI) and urinalysis. It discusses the physiology of the kidney, pathophysiology of AKI including pre-renal, renal and post-renal causes, criteria for diagnosing AKI, investigations for AKI including urinalysis, and management of AKI.
2) Key points covered include the kidney's role in electrolyte balance, acid-base balance, water balance and blood pressure regulation. The document also discusses the three subtypes of AKI and how they present differently. Criteria for diagnosing AKI such as RIFLE and AKIN are presented.
3) Investigations discussed are renal function tests
Similar to Renal structure and function physiology (20)
KIDNEY - normal histology, clinical syndromes related to renal failure, Patho...
KIDNEY - normal histology, clinical syndromes related to renal failure, Patho...
Kidney and urinary system parts and their functions
Kidney and urinary system parts and their functions
RENAL FUNCTION AND RENAL FUNCTION TESTS -RACOH.pptx
RENAL FUNCTION AND RENAL FUNCTION TESTS -RACOH.pptx
excretory system URINARY SYSTEM GENITOURINARY SYSTEM
excretory system URINARY SYSTEM GENITOURINARY SYSTEM
Excretion system of urea in human revise by Ahmed Ghdhban Alziaydi
Excretion system of urea in human revise by Ahmed Ghdhban Alziaydi
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Renal structure and function physiology
- 1. 1 Renal Structure and Function
- 2. 2 Kidneys • Paired • Retroperitoneal • Partially protected by the 11th and 12th ribs • Right slightly lower due to liver • Surrounded by renal capsule • Adipose capsule • Renal fascia
- 3. 3
- 4. 4
- 5. 5 Anatomy • Hilum (hilus) • Renal artery and vein • Cortex • Medulla • Renal pyramids and renal papillae • Major and minor calyces • Renal Pelvis • Ureters
- 6. 6
- 7. 7 • Ureters connect kidneys to urinary bladder • Urethra leads from bladder outside the body
- 8. 8
- 9. 9 • Kidneys make up 1 % of body mass, but receive about 25% of cardiac output. • Kidney has two major functions: 1. Filtration of blood • Removes metabolic wastes from the body, esp. those containing nitrogen
- 10. 10 2. Regulation: Blood volume and composition Electrolytes Blood pH Blood pressure
- 11. 11 Nephron • Functional unit of the kidney • Filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion • Renal corpuscle: – Glomerulus – capillaries – Glomerular or Bowman’s capsule
- 12. 12 • Bowman’s capsule – Receives filtrate • Proximal convoluted tubule – Reabsorption of water and solutes • Nephron loop or Loop of Henle – Regulates concentration of urine • Distal convoluted tubule and Collecting duct • Reabsorption of water and electrolytes –ADH, aldosterone, ANP – Tubular secretion
- 13. 13
- 14. 14
- 15. 15
- 16. 16
- 17. 17 Filtration • Renal corpuscle • Filtration membrane – Fenestrated endothelium of capillaries – Basement membrane of glomerulus – Slit membrane between pedicels of podocytes
- 18. 18 Forces that influence filtration • Glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure • Opposing forces: – Plasma colloid osmotic pressure – Capsular hydrostatic pressure
- 19. 19
- 20. 20 Glomerular Filtration Rate • Volume of plasma filtered / unit time • Approx. 180 L /day • Urine output is about 1- 2 L /day • About 99% of filtrate is reabsorbed
- 21. 21
- 22. 22 GFR influenced by: • Blood pressure and blood flow • Obstruction to urine outflow • Loss of protein-free fluid • Hormonal regulation – Renin – angiotensin – Aldosterone – ADH – ANP
- 23. 23 Juxtaglomerular apparatus • Juxtaglomerular cells lie in the wall of afferent arteriole • Macula densa in final portion of loop of Henle – monitor Na+ and Cl- conc. and water • Control blood flow into the glomerulus • Control glomerular filtration
- 24. 24
- 25. 25
- 26. 26 Tubular reabsorption • Water, glucose, amino acids, urea, ions • Sodium diffuses into cell; actively pumped out – drawing water with it
- 27. 27
- 28. 28
- 29. 29 • In addition to reabsorption, also have tubular secretion – substances move from peritubular capillaries into tubules – a second chance to remove substances from blood.
- 30. 30
- 31. 31 • By end of proximal tubule have reabsorbed: • 60- 70% of water and sodium • about 100% of glucose and amino acids • 90 % of K+, bicarb, Ca++, uric acid • Transport maximum – maximum amount of a substance that can be absorbed per unit time • Renal threshold – plasma conc. of a substance at which it exceeds Tm.
- 32. 32 Loop of Henle • Responsible for producing a concentrated urine by forming a concentration gradient within the medulla of kidney. • When ADH is present, water is reabsorbed and urine is concentrated. • Counter-current multiplier
- 33. 33
- 34. 34 Distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts • What happens here depends on ADH • Aldosterone affects Na+ and K+ • ADH – facultative water reabsorption • Parathyroid hormone – increases Ca++ reabsorption
- 35. 35
- 36. 36 Distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts • Tubular secretion to rid body of substances: K+, H+, urea, ammonia, creatinine and certain drugs • Secretion of H+ helps maintain blood pH (can also reabsorb bicarb and generate new bicarb)
- 37. 37
- 38. 38 Renal diagnostic procedures • Urinalysis is non-invasive and inexpensive • Normal properties are well known and easily measured
- 39. 39 pH • Normally 4.8 – 8.0 • Higher in alkalosis, lower in acidosis • Diabetes and starvation ↓ pH • Urinary infections ↑ pH – Proteus and pseudomonas are urea splitters
- 40. 40 Specific gravity • Normal values 1.025 -1.032 • High specific gravity can cause precipitation of solutes and formation of kidney stones • When tubules are damaged, urine specific gravity approaches that of glomerular filtrate – 1.010 – remains fixed = 2/3 of nephron mass has been lost
- 41. 41 • Diabetes insipidus = 1.003 • Diabetes mellitus = 1. 030 • Emesis or fever = 1.040
- 42. 42 Microscopic analysis • Red blood cells – should be few or none – Hematuria – large numbers of rbc’s in urine – Catheterization – Menstruation – Inflamed prostate gland – Cystitis or bladder stones
- 43. 43 • Casts – precipitate from cells lining the renal tubules – Red cells – tubule bleeding – White cells – tubule inflammation – Epithelial cells – degeneration, necrosis of tubule cells
- 44. 44 • Crystals – – Infection – Inflammation – stones
- 45. 45 • White blood cells – Pyuria – Urinary tract infection • Bacteria
- 46. 46 Substances not normally present in urine • Acetone • Bile, bilirubin • Glucose • Protein – albumin –Renal disease involving glomerulus
- 47. 47 Blood Urea Nitrogen BUN • Urea produced by breakdown of amino acids - influenced by diet, dehydration, and hemolysis • Normal range 10-20 mg/ dL • If the GFR decreases due to renal disease or blockage, or decreased blood flow to kidney - BUN increases • General screen for abnormal renal function
- 48. 48 Creatinine clearance • Creatinine is an end product of muscle metabolism • Muscle mass is constant; creatinine is constant • Normal 0.7 – 1.5 mg/ dL in plasma • Can then be compared to creatinine in urine over 24 hour period to determine clearance
- 49. 49 • Creatinine clearance is an indirect measure of GFR and renal blood flow • Creatinine is neither reabsorbed nor secreted, just freely filtered. • Amount excreted = amount filtered • Useful to monitor changes in chronic renal function • Increases with trauma with massive muscle breakdown
- 50. 50 Diagnostic testing • Inulin clearance - not absorbed or secreted = GFR • PAH – para-aminohippuric acid – not absorbed ; actively secreted = renal plasma flow