This document provides information about oats and barley. It states that oats and barley are annual cereal grains grown in temperate climates that are commonly used as livestock feed. Oats and barley are nutritious sources of protein, fiber, vitamins and minerals. The document describes the botanical features and growth characteristics of oats and barley plants. It also provides details on the nutritional profiles and common uses of oats and barley as animal feed. Risks like nitrate poisoning in oats and issues like grass tetany in cattle are also discussed.

1. OAT AND BARLEY
Submitted by:
14-Arid-2051
14-Arid-2055
14-Arid-2057
14-Arid-2062
14-Arid-2065
14-Arid-2067
14-Arid-2070

2. OAT
• Cereal grain
• Annual fodder
• Temperate climate
• Avena Sativa.
• One of the most important sources of livestock and animal
feed in the world
• Commonly fed to horses and ruminants due to its excellent
nutritional qualities that aid with maintaining optimal
rumen and hindgut function.
• Rich in nutrients and essential minerals
• One of the richest sources of protein compared to other
feedstuffs.

3. OAT
• Rabbi fodder.
• Uses: cereal, a feed grain, green or conserved
fodder
• Whole-crop green oats may be grazed, cut and
carried, ensiled or made into hay.
• In multicut varieties crop may be lightly grazed
before stem elongation allowing the crop to
recover and grow further forage crop.

4. OAT Plant
• Grows to height of 1.2 m
• Fibrous root system
• Stem is erect, smooth and hollow
• Leaves are linear, rough, green or bluish-gray
• Leaf blades are 15-40 cm long
• 0.6-1.5 cm broad

5. Nutrient Profile of OAT
• Moisture 82.8%
• Dry Matter 17.2%
• Crude Protein 13.5%
• Crude Fiber 23%
• NFE 47.3%
• Fat (EE) 2.9%
• Ash 13.3%

6. Conti..
• Grass tetany, and, in some cases, milk fever, can
occur in cattle fed oats as the main forage.
• It is often seen in cows in late pregnancy or in the
early stages of lactation.
• High producing cows are particularly susceptible,
but dry cows and bulls are rarely affected.
• Prevention of this disease is through
supplementation of the ration with magnesium
oxide and limestone, the former mixed with
grain.

7. Cont..
• Oat appears to accumulate more nitrates than other small-
grain crops.
• Nitrate poisoning may occur if oat has been drought
stressed, or damaged by hail or frost. The risk is increased if
the soil is high in plant-available nitrogen.
• Rain after a drought can increase plant nitrogen uptake
and the risk of nitrate poisoning during the next four to five
days.
• During fermentation in the silo, 40 to 60 percent of the
original nitrate can disappear, making ensiling the
preservation method of choice when high nitrate levels are
suspected. Supplementing the oat silage with grain at feed
out will also decrease the chances of nitrate poisoning.

8. BARLEY
• Hordeum sativum.
• Rabbi fodder
• Annual fodder
• Temperate climate
• Barley grass has greater nutritional value if harvested at a young age.
• Barley is considered to be the first cereal grain cultivated by humans.
• Cereal grain
• High in fiber and protein
• Balanced in protein, fat and energy
• 95% energy as compared to maize fodder
• Full of essential nutrients, minerals and vitamins
• Rich in enzymes
• Low acid content

9. Barley+
• Moisture 80.2%
• Dry Matter 19.8%
• Crude Protein 13.3%
• Crude Fiber 21.9%
• NFE 47.7
• Fat (EE) 3.6%
• Ash 13.5%

10. Classification:
• Kingdom: Plantae
• Phylum: Angiosperm
• Class: Monocots
• Order: Poales
• Family: Poacae
• Genus: Hordeum
• Species: H. Vulgare

11. Raw barley: (100g)
• CH20 = 77.7g
• Fat = 1.2g
• Protein = 9.9g
• Vitamin A = 13 micro gram
• Vit C = 20mg
• Vit K = 2.2mg
• Ca = 29mg
• P = 22 mg

12. • leaves are 1.5–12.0 mm wide and up to 200 mm
long
• Barley grass grows to about 450 mm in height.

13. • Barley may have bearded heads or be
beardless. Bearded barley has a slender bristle
about three inches long, called an "awn,"
attached to each seed. Beardless varieties are
generally preferred for forage,

14. Planting barley
• Grow and plant barley as you would wheat. Some
varieties are spring planted and some are fall planted.
Barley ripens sooner than wheat; spring-planted barley
ripens in 60 to 70 days, fall-planted barley about 60
days after spring growth begins.
Harvesting barley
• Ripe barley is harvested the same as wheat: cut,
bundled and shocked to dry. Wear a shirt when
harvesting barley as the awns can irritate your skin.
Barley may be stored in the bundle and fed to stock
without threshing.

16. • Barley grass contains a number of vitamins,
including vitamins B1, B2, B6 and B12, folic
acid and vitamins C and E. It also contains
phosphorous, vitamin K and calcium.
• Each lb of barley fodder is equivalent
nutritionally to 6.6 lbs of lucerne.

17. Hydroponic Culturing:

18. Feeding barley fodder offers these benefits to
livestock:
• Reduced occurrence of digestive diseases, such
as colic and bloat
• Stimulated immune system
• Naturally balanced with essential nutrients
• High in fiber, energy and protein
• Rich in enzymes
• Low acid content
• Highly digestible

19. Cont..
• The Holy Prophet (SAW) prescribed barley for
seven different diseases.
Hadith, Volume7, Book 71, Hadith No. # 593.
• 2007 ranking of cereal crops in world, Barley
was ranked 4th in term of both quantity
produced and area of cultivation.

20. ANY QUESTION!!