Radar is an electronic system that uses electromagnetic signals to detect objects by transmitting signals and receiving echoes. It was invented in the early 1900s and widely used during World War 2. A radar works by transmitting a modulated signal that bounces off a target and is detected by the receiver. Radar is used for applications like air traffic control, navigation, weather sensing, and military purposes. New technologies aim to reduce radar detection through stealth materials and synthetic aperture radar.

1. RADAR TECHNOLOGY

2. RADAR
Radar (radio amplification detection and ranging) is an
electronic system for transmitting electromagnetic signals
and receiving echoes from objects of interest (targets).

3. HISTORY OF RADAR
• Invented in
1900s(Patented
in 1904)
• Implemented in
World war 2
• Installed on
ships for
detecting enemy

4. HOW A RADAR WORKS
Transmits an
electromagnetic
signal modulated
with particular
type of waveform.
(modulation
depends on
requirements of
application)
Signal is reflected
from target
Reflected signal is
detected by radar
receiver and
analyzed to extract
desired information

5. TYPES OF RADAR
Detection and search radars
Missile guidance systems
Battlefield and reconnaissance radar
Air Traffic Control and navigation
Space and range instrumentation radar systems
Weather-sensing Radar systems
Radars for biological research

6. Radar Frequency Bands
Frequency
Wavelength 1 mm1 km 1 m 1 m 1 nm
1 MHz 1 GHz
IR UV
109 Hz
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
30 20 10 8 6 5 4 39 7
Allocated Frequency (GHz)
Wavelength (cm)
X-BandC-BandS-BandL-BandUHF
VHF
Visible
1012 Hz
Ku
K
Ka
W

7. Target
• Target range =
c
2
where c = speed of light
= round trip time
RADAR RANGE MEASUREMENT

9. RADAR APPLICATIONS
• AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL
• AIR NAVIGATION
• REMOTE SENSING
• MARINE
• LAW ENFORCEMENT AND HIGHWAY SAFETY
• SPACE
• MILITARY

10. GENERIC RADAR SYSTEM

11. • Basic Radar Range Equation - Monostatic
– Usually the same antenna is used for transmission and
reception and we have the relationship between Gain and
effective area:
–

12. LATEST TECHNOLOGIES IN RADAR
• STEALTH
• SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR
• MTI RADARS
• MESA TECHNOLOGY
• AIRBORNE METHOD
• SATELLITE BASED METHOD

13. FOR REDUCING RADAR DETECTION
• The sea water is used to make the ships less detected as they are good
reflectors.

14. AIRBORNE METHOD
• USEFUL TO DETECT ENEMY IN 3-D
• THEY USE LIDAR
• MADE TO FLY HIGH UP IN THE AIR

15. SATELLITE BASED METHOD
• THE SATELLITE USE RADAR SENSORS
• THEY COVER A WIDE AREA
• THEY ARE MORE RELIEBLE AND SAFE

16. SURFACE BASED METHODS
 Radars of high sensitivity are used, like Radio Telescopes.
 They work good at all weather conditions.
 They use the concept of Radio-Astronomy.
 Requires heavy installations.
 The speed & trajectory of the enemy can be easily detected.
 Can detect he difference between hostile & Stealth crafts.
 Destroy the enemy with out their notice.
 Do not release radio signals.

17. STEALTH VEHICLES