radar, radar history, how works it, and uses of radar principals of radar

1. Welcome To Our Presentation
RADAR & RADAR management

2. 1. Md. Reza Ali Lincon (2016-2-50-007)
2. Sajedul Islam Dipu (2016-2-50-013)
3. Minhadul Islam (2016-2-55-026)
4. Md.Sadil Soyeb Khan (2016-2-55-006)
Group Members

3. 1. What is RADAR?
2. History of RADAR
3.Types of RADAR
4.General Construction of a RADAR
5.Principle of RADAR
6.RADAR signal processing
7.Use of RADAR in various sectors
Index

4. What is RADAR?
 RADAR (Radio Detection and Ranging ) : A system for
detecting the presence, direction, distance, and speed of
aircraft, ships, and other objects, by sending out pulses of
radio waves which are reflected off the object back to the
source.

5. History of RADAR
 Serious developmental work on radar began in the 1930s, but the basic idea of radar had its
origins in the classical experiments on electromagnetic radiation conducted by German
physicist Heinrich Hertz during the late 1880s. Hertz set out to verify experimentally the
earlier theoretical work of Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell. Maxwell had formulated
the general equations of the electromagnetic field, determining that
both light and radio waves are examples of electromagnetic waves governed by the same
fundamental laws but having widely different frequencies. Maxwell’s work led to the
conclusion that radio waves can be reflected from metallic objects and refracted by a
dielectric medium, just as light waves can. Hertz demonstrated these properties in 1888,
using radio waves at a wavelength of 66 cm (which corresponds to a frequency of about 455
MHz).

6. Types of RADAR (Classification
)

7. More types of RADAR
1. Bi static radar
2. Continuous wave radar
3. Doppler radar
4. Mono pulse radar
5. Passive radar
6. Instrumentation radar
7. Weather radars
8. Mapping radar
9. Navigational radars

8. General Construction of RADAR

9. General Construction of RADAR

10. How RADAR works ?

11. How RADAR works ?
1.Magnetron generates high-frequency radio waves.
2.Duplexer switches magnetron through to antenna.
3.Antenna acts as transmitter, sending narrow beam of radio waves
through the air.
4.Radio waves hit enemy airplane and reflect back.
5.Antenna picks up reflected waves during a break between
transmissions. Note that the same antenna acts as both transmitter
and receiver, alternately sending out radio waves and receiving
them.
6.Duplexer switches antenna through to receiver unit.
7.Computer in receiver unit processes reflected waves and draws them
on a TV screen.
8.Enemy plane shows up on TV radar display with any other nearby
targets.

12. Principle of RADAR

14. RADAR signal processing

15. RADAR signal processing
 The signal processor is that part of the system which
separates targets from clutter on the basis of Doppler
content and amplitude characteristics. In modern radar
sets the conversion of radar signals to digital form is
typically accomplished after IF amplification and phase
sensitive detection. At this stage they are referred to as
video signals, and have a typical bandwidth in the
range 250 KHz to 5 MHz. The Sampling Theorem
therefore indicates sampling rates between about
500 KHz and 10 MHz. Such rates are well within the
capabilities of modern analogue-to-digital
converters (ADCs).

16. RADAR signal processing
 The plot extraction and plot processing elements are
the final stage in the primary radar sensor chain. The
essential process is that of generating and processing
plots as distinct from processing waveforms. The main
components are:
 the plot extractor or hit processor (translates hits from
the signal processor to plots),
 the plot processor (combines primary radar plots and
minimizes false plots) and
 the plot combiner (combines primary and secondary
plots, uses complementary features to minimise false
alarms).

17. RADAR signal processing
 The radar data chain can include the following
devices:
 a sensor tracker (it combines some plots of a target to
a track), and
 the Multiple Sensor tracker (it combines plots or tracks
of other radar sensors).
 (The distinction between a correlator and a tracker
being, that in the case of a correlator the plot positions
are not changed by the process.)
 Some of these devises can carried out as a software-
modul after the digitalizing of the radar data. The Plot
Extractor of the Ukrainian company Aerotechnica
corporation (see the picture) is a Radar Data
Extractors for all types of radars an is designed to
upgrade analogue radars.

18. Uses of RADAR in various sectors
Military Applications:
 In air defense it is used for target detection, target
recognition and weapon control (directing the
weapon to the tracked targets).
 In missile system to guide the weapon.
 Identifying enemy locations in map.

19. Uses of RADAR in various
sectors
Air Traffic Control :
 To control air traffic near airports. The Air Surveillance RADAR is
used to detect and display the aircraft’s position in the airport
terminals.
 To guide the aircraft to land in bad weather using Precision
Approach RADAR.
 To scan the airport surface for aircraft and ground vehicle positions

20. Uses of RADAR in various
sectors
 Remote Sensing:
RADAR can be used for observing weather or observing planetary positions
and monitoring sea ice to ensure smooth route for ships.

21. Thank You