Sprain is ref to Ligament injury.Depending upon severity of injury it is classified as mild, moderate & severe. For Grade 1 & 2require conservative treatment while for grade 3 require surgical intervention.
This document discusses amputation, including its definition, causes, types, surgical principles, complications, pain management, psychological adjustment, dressing, skin care, and exercises. It defines amputation as the removal of part of a limb through one or more bones. The main causes include peripheral vascular disease, injuries, infections, tumors, and congenital anomalies. There are two main types - guillotine/open and closed amputations. Key goals after amputation are pain management, psychological counseling, preventing deformities, and regaining range of motion and strength.
The document discusses different types and grades of sprains and strains. A sprain is a ligament injury caused by stretching or tearing from abnormal joint position. Ankle sprains are most common. Strains injure muscles or tendons. Back strains are most common. Grades range from minor fiber damage (Grade I) to complete rupture (Grade III). Treatment follows the PRICE protocol with rest, ice, compression and elevation. A three-stage recovery process focuses on PRICE, exercises and sports reintroduction. Recovery time depends on severity, from 3-6 weeks for mild to 8-12 months for severe injuries.
Orthotics are devices used to support or correct deformities and impairments of the foot, ankle, knee, and hip joints. A foot orthotic is customized to fit inside the shoe to correct foot alignment. An ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) consists of a shoe attachment, ankle control, and leg band to support the ankle. A knee-ankle-foot orthosis (KAFO) adds a knee control to an AFO. The most specialized orthosis is a total hip-knee-ankle-foot orthosis (THKAFO) which incorporates a hip joint and trunk band. Orthoses are customized to meet individual functional needs and goals.
This document lists and describes various orthotic braces and devices for the upper body, lower body, and spine. It includes braces for the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand, back, knee, ankle, and foot as well as cervical collars and braces used for spinal curvature and rehabilitation.
The document discusses crutch walking and the proper use of crutches. It defines crutches as assisting patients to walk while providing support. Crutches increase base of support, maintain center of gravity, redistribute weight bearing, compensate for weak muscles, and decrease pain. Proper crutch use requires muscle strength, correct crutch selection, balance, proper gait patterns, and instructions. There are two main types of crutches: standard axillary crutches and forearm crutches. The document outlines correct stance and four different crutch walking gaits.
The document discusses different types of prostheses used to replace missing limbs. It describes exoskeletal and endoskeletal prosthetic designs, and covers the basic components and classifications of prostheses. Myoelectric prostheses that use muscle signals and various types of feet - including SACH, Jaipur and dynamic response feet - are explained. The document provides details on prostheses for transtibial and transfemoral amputations, including PTB and quadrilateral socket designs and considerations for bilateral transfemoral amputees.
This short presentation is to help those in medical fields to have a summary knowledge of what bursitis is and it can also help students in their assignments and or course works. It contains what bursae are, what bursitis means, causes, risk factors, common sites, clinical features, how to diagnose bursitis, other conditions that can mimic bursitis, how to prevent bursitis and management.
This document discusses amputation, including its definition, causes, types, surgical principles, complications, pain management, psychological adjustment, dressing, skin care, and exercises. It defines amputation as the removal of part of a limb through one or more bones. The main causes include peripheral vascular disease, injuries, infections, tumors, and congenital anomalies. There are two main types - guillotine/open and closed amputations. Key goals after amputation are pain management, psychological counseling, preventing deformities, and regaining range of motion and strength.
The document discusses different types and grades of sprains and strains. A sprain is a ligament injury caused by stretching or tearing from abnormal joint position. Ankle sprains are most common. Strains injure muscles or tendons. Back strains are most common. Grades range from minor fiber damage (Grade I) to complete rupture (Grade III). Treatment follows the PRICE protocol with rest, ice, compression and elevation. A three-stage recovery process focuses on PRICE, exercises and sports reintroduction. Recovery time depends on severity, from 3-6 weeks for mild to 8-12 months for severe injuries.
Orthotics are devices used to support or correct deformities and impairments of the foot, ankle, knee, and hip joints. A foot orthotic is customized to fit inside the shoe to correct foot alignment. An ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) consists of a shoe attachment, ankle control, and leg band to support the ankle. A knee-ankle-foot orthosis (KAFO) adds a knee control to an AFO. The most specialized orthosis is a total hip-knee-ankle-foot orthosis (THKAFO) which incorporates a hip joint and trunk band. Orthoses are customized to meet individual functional needs and goals.
This document lists and describes various orthotic braces and devices for the upper body, lower body, and spine. It includes braces for the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand, back, knee, ankle, and foot as well as cervical collars and braces used for spinal curvature and rehabilitation.
The document discusses crutch walking and the proper use of crutches. It defines crutches as assisting patients to walk while providing support. Crutches increase base of support, maintain center of gravity, redistribute weight bearing, compensate for weak muscles, and decrease pain. Proper crutch use requires muscle strength, correct crutch selection, balance, proper gait patterns, and instructions. There are two main types of crutches: standard axillary crutches and forearm crutches. The document outlines correct stance and four different crutch walking gaits.
The document discusses different types of prostheses used to replace missing limbs. It describes exoskeletal and endoskeletal prosthetic designs, and covers the basic components and classifications of prostheses. Myoelectric prostheses that use muscle signals and various types of feet - including SACH, Jaipur and dynamic response feet - are explained. The document provides details on prostheses for transtibial and transfemoral amputations, including PTB and quadrilateral socket designs and considerations for bilateral transfemoral amputees.
This short presentation is to help those in medical fields to have a summary knowledge of what bursitis is and it can also help students in their assignments and or course works. It contains what bursae are, what bursitis means, causes, risk factors, common sites, clinical features, how to diagnose bursitis, other conditions that can mimic bursitis, how to prevent bursitis and management.
Range of motion and muscle strengthening exercisesShweta Sharma
This document discusses range of motion and muscle strengthening exercises presented by Miss. Shweta Sharma. It describes isometric and isotonic exercises and their purposes, which include increasing muscle strength and endurance. A variety of exercises are presented targeting different parts of the body, along with benefits of physical activity for neurological conditions and patient education tips.
Orthosis are devices used to support weak joints and correct deformities. They work by applying three point pressure and distributing weight across a wide surface area. Common orthosis include ankle foot orthosis (AFO) which support the ankle and foot, knee ankle foot orthosis (KAFO) which stabilize the knee and lower leg, and hip knee ankle foot orthosis (HKAFO) which provide support from the hip to the foot. Orthosis are made of plastic or metal and their design depends on the joints needing support and the individual's condition.
Osteomyelitis is an inflammatory process of bone caused by bacterial infection. It can be acute, subacute, or chronic depending on duration. The most common causative organism is Staphylococcus aureus. Acute osteomyelitis typically affects children and causes fever, pain, and swelling near the infected bone. Chronic osteomyelitis results from inadequate treatment of acute osteomyelitis and causes persistent infection, bone necrosis, and sinus tract formation. Surgical debridement along with long-term antibiotics is usually required to treat chronic osteomyelitis. Rehabilitation focuses on restoring range of motion and strength through exercises.
Kyphosis is an excessive outward curvature of the spine that results in an abnormal rounding of the upper back. There are several types of kyphosis, with the most common being postural kyphosis caused by poor posture and weak back muscles. Symptoms may include back pain and muscle spasms. Treatment options include exercises to improve posture and strengthen back muscles, bracing, and in severe cases, surgery to correct the spinal curvature. Physiotherapy focuses on stretching tight muscles and strengthening weak back muscles to improve posture and reduce pain.
Septicarthritis is an inflammation of the synovial membrane of a joint caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal infection. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause in adults. Symptoms include severe pain, swelling, warmth and limited range of motion in the infected joint. Diagnosis involves joint fluid analysis showing purulent material and inflammatory markers. Treatment requires antibiotics, drainage of pus, and sometimes surgery. Without rapid treatment, joint destruction and long-term disability can occur.
This document defines crutches and describes different types of crutch gaits and crutches. It discusses the purpose of walking aids, prerequisites for crutch use, and measurements for proper crutch fitting. Types of crutches described include axillary/underarm crutches, elbow/Lofstrand crutches, and forearm support crutches. Instructions are provided for different weight bearing statuses and ambulation techniques like stairs. Precautions and patient education topics are also outlined.
Osteotomy is a surgical procedure that cuts or divides bone to improve the function of a limb or provide stability to a joint. It involves three stages - dividing the bone, immobilizing it to allow correction and realignment, and physiotherapy to restore full function. Different types of osteotomies like closing wedge, opening wedge, and oblique cuts are used to correct various bone deformities and dysfunctions. Post-surgery physiotherapy focuses on reducing pain and swelling, maintaining stability, and gradually improving range of motion and strength. Complications can include under or overcorrection of deformity, nerve damage, compartment syndrome, and non-union of bone.
This document discusses orthotics and their use in rehabilitation. It begins by describing how bioengineering devices like orthotics play an important role in orthopedic and neurological rehabilitation by improving function and support. It then discusses different types of orthotics in more detail, including their components, classifications, indications for use, and general principles. Specific orthotics for the ankle, knee, and hip are also outlined.
The document discusses various mobility devices used to increase patient mobility. It describes devices from ancient times like canes made from tree branches to modern devices with aluminum, steel, plastic and rubber. Key devices discussed include canes, crutches, walkers, wheelchairs and scooting boards. The document provides details on appropriate usage, measurements, adjustments and positioning for different mobility devices.
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease characterized by breakdown of cartilage and bone changes. It most commonly affects weight-bearing joints like the hips and knees. Risk factors include obesity, joint injury, genetics, and age. Symptoms include joint pain, stiffness, swelling, and decreased range of motion. Diagnosis is made based on clinical features and confirmed with x-rays showing cartilage loss, bone spurs, and bone changes. Treatment focuses on education, exercises, braces, medications, and sometimes surgery to relieve symptoms and improve function.
The document discusses joint dislocation, including definitions, causes, types, signs and symptoms, diagnostic evaluations, management including closed and open reduction techniques, nursing diagnoses, and nursing care for a patient experiencing a joint dislocation. Joint dislocations are injuries where the ends of bones in a joint are forced from their normal positions, commonly occurring in shoulders, fingers, elbows, knees and hips due to trauma, falls, or motor vehicle accidents.
indication and contra-indication cast & traction Kwizeravirgile1
Traction is used to reduce, align, and immobilize fractures by applying gentle pulling forces to injured body parts. There are two main types of traction - skin traction which applies force directly to the skin, and skeletal traction which uses pins inserted into bones. Traction aims to minimize pain and muscle spasms while fractures heal. Common complications can include skin breakdown, respiratory issues, and joint stiffness. Casts are also used to stabilize and protect broken bones, made of materials like plaster or fiberglass. Different types of casts are used depending on the injured body part.
This document provides information about total hip replacement surgery. It discusses the anatomy of the hip joint, common causes of hip damage requiring replacement such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, and the types of surgeries and materials used including cementless fixation and metals, plastics, or ceramics. The procedure is described along with potential complications. Precautions to prevent implant failure like wound care, diet, activity restrictions and infection prevention are outlined. Regulations for hip implants in India are discussed.
This document provides an overview of adhesive capsulitis or "frozen shoulder" presented by Dr. Shazia Khalfe. It defines adhesive capsulitis as a condition characterized by pain and loss of shoulder range of motion. There are two types: primary which is idiopathic, and secondary which occurs after shoulder injuries or immobilization. Clinical presentation includes pain and limited range of motion. Treatment involves exercises to improve range of motion and strengthen muscles, modalities like heat for pain relief, and patient education on home exercises and prognosis. The goal is to regain full range of motion and normal shoulder function.
Pott's disease, or Pott's spine, is a form of tuberculosis that infects the spine. It is caused by the tuberculosis bacteria spreading from the lungs to the spine. This causes spinal arthritis and damage to the vertebrae that can lead to spinal deformities, nerve damage, and paralysis if left untreated. Symptoms include back pain and difficulty walking. Diagnosis involves x-rays, CT scans, and MRIs. Traditional treatments involved immobilization, but patients are now treated with antibiotics to kill the bacteria.
This document provides definitions and information about orthotics. It defines orthotics as externally applied devices that modify the structural and functional characteristics of the neuromuscular and skeletal systems to enable better use of the body part. The document then discusses principles, functions, indications, prescription processes, and nomenclature of various orthotic devices for the spine, upper limbs, lower limbs, knees, and hips. Examples and purposes of different orthotic devices are provided for each body region.
Tennis elbow, also known as lateral epicondylitis, is a tendinopathy of the extensor tendons of the forearm caused by repetitive strain from activities like tennis or manual labor. It presents as lateral elbow pain that is exacerbated by wrist extension movements. While the name suggests it is caused by tennis, 95% of cases occur in non-tennis players engaged in repetitive arm motions. Treatment begins conservatively with rest, ice, braces, and physical therapy, while corticosteroid injections provide temporary pain relief. Surgery is considered if conservative measures fail after 6-12 months.
This document discusses various spinal deformities including scoliosis, kyphosis, and lordosis. It describes the anatomy, causes, classifications, treatments, and outcomes of each condition. Infantile, juvenile, and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis are addressed. Scheuermann's kyphosis and congenital kyphosis are also summarized. Lordosis is defined and clinical features and treatments are provided.
This document discusses cervical and lumbar traction for relieving neck and back pain. Cervical traction uses gentle pulling of the head to relieve pressure in the neck, while lumbar traction does the same for the lower back. Both can help with issues like muscle spasms, disc problems, and nerve impingement. There are many devices and techniques described that provide traction, including overhead pulleys, inflatable harnesses, inversion tables, and manual methods done by therapists. The effectiveness of traction is debated, but it may provide benefits for some individuals when used appropriately.
Ligament Injuries - Types, Symptoms and TreatmentHealth Quest
Ligaments connect bones and support joints. Ligament injuries occur when a joint is stressed beyond its normal range of motion, causing the ligament to tear. Common symptoms include sudden pain, swelling, instability, bruising and inability to move the joint. Treatment depends on the severity but may include physical therapy, NSAIDs, bracing and sometimes surgery for severe injuries. Rest is important to allow healing.
Sports injuries can be acute like sprains and fractures or chronic like tendinitis. Some injuries can be treated at home while others require a doctor. It is important to properly recognize and treat sports injuries so they heal correctly. Common injuries include muscle strains, ligament sprains, tendonitis, and fractures. Treatment depends on the type of injury but generally involves RICE - rest, ice, compression, and elevation. Rehabilitation may also be needed to prevent long-term issues.
Range of motion and muscle strengthening exercisesShweta Sharma
This document discusses range of motion and muscle strengthening exercises presented by Miss. Shweta Sharma. It describes isometric and isotonic exercises and their purposes, which include increasing muscle strength and endurance. A variety of exercises are presented targeting different parts of the body, along with benefits of physical activity for neurological conditions and patient education tips.
Orthosis are devices used to support weak joints and correct deformities. They work by applying three point pressure and distributing weight across a wide surface area. Common orthosis include ankle foot orthosis (AFO) which support the ankle and foot, knee ankle foot orthosis (KAFO) which stabilize the knee and lower leg, and hip knee ankle foot orthosis (HKAFO) which provide support from the hip to the foot. Orthosis are made of plastic or metal and their design depends on the joints needing support and the individual's condition.
Osteomyelitis is an inflammatory process of bone caused by bacterial infection. It can be acute, subacute, or chronic depending on duration. The most common causative organism is Staphylococcus aureus. Acute osteomyelitis typically affects children and causes fever, pain, and swelling near the infected bone. Chronic osteomyelitis results from inadequate treatment of acute osteomyelitis and causes persistent infection, bone necrosis, and sinus tract formation. Surgical debridement along with long-term antibiotics is usually required to treat chronic osteomyelitis. Rehabilitation focuses on restoring range of motion and strength through exercises.
Kyphosis is an excessive outward curvature of the spine that results in an abnormal rounding of the upper back. There are several types of kyphosis, with the most common being postural kyphosis caused by poor posture and weak back muscles. Symptoms may include back pain and muscle spasms. Treatment options include exercises to improve posture and strengthen back muscles, bracing, and in severe cases, surgery to correct the spinal curvature. Physiotherapy focuses on stretching tight muscles and strengthening weak back muscles to improve posture and reduce pain.
Septicarthritis is an inflammation of the synovial membrane of a joint caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal infection. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause in adults. Symptoms include severe pain, swelling, warmth and limited range of motion in the infected joint. Diagnosis involves joint fluid analysis showing purulent material and inflammatory markers. Treatment requires antibiotics, drainage of pus, and sometimes surgery. Without rapid treatment, joint destruction and long-term disability can occur.
This document defines crutches and describes different types of crutch gaits and crutches. It discusses the purpose of walking aids, prerequisites for crutch use, and measurements for proper crutch fitting. Types of crutches described include axillary/underarm crutches, elbow/Lofstrand crutches, and forearm support crutches. Instructions are provided for different weight bearing statuses and ambulation techniques like stairs. Precautions and patient education topics are also outlined.
Osteotomy is a surgical procedure that cuts or divides bone to improve the function of a limb or provide stability to a joint. It involves three stages - dividing the bone, immobilizing it to allow correction and realignment, and physiotherapy to restore full function. Different types of osteotomies like closing wedge, opening wedge, and oblique cuts are used to correct various bone deformities and dysfunctions. Post-surgery physiotherapy focuses on reducing pain and swelling, maintaining stability, and gradually improving range of motion and strength. Complications can include under or overcorrection of deformity, nerve damage, compartment syndrome, and non-union of bone.
This document discusses orthotics and their use in rehabilitation. It begins by describing how bioengineering devices like orthotics play an important role in orthopedic and neurological rehabilitation by improving function and support. It then discusses different types of orthotics in more detail, including their components, classifications, indications for use, and general principles. Specific orthotics for the ankle, knee, and hip are also outlined.
The document discusses various mobility devices used to increase patient mobility. It describes devices from ancient times like canes made from tree branches to modern devices with aluminum, steel, plastic and rubber. Key devices discussed include canes, crutches, walkers, wheelchairs and scooting boards. The document provides details on appropriate usage, measurements, adjustments and positioning for different mobility devices.
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease characterized by breakdown of cartilage and bone changes. It most commonly affects weight-bearing joints like the hips and knees. Risk factors include obesity, joint injury, genetics, and age. Symptoms include joint pain, stiffness, swelling, and decreased range of motion. Diagnosis is made based on clinical features and confirmed with x-rays showing cartilage loss, bone spurs, and bone changes. Treatment focuses on education, exercises, braces, medications, and sometimes surgery to relieve symptoms and improve function.
The document discusses joint dislocation, including definitions, causes, types, signs and symptoms, diagnostic evaluations, management including closed and open reduction techniques, nursing diagnoses, and nursing care for a patient experiencing a joint dislocation. Joint dislocations are injuries where the ends of bones in a joint are forced from their normal positions, commonly occurring in shoulders, fingers, elbows, knees and hips due to trauma, falls, or motor vehicle accidents.
indication and contra-indication cast & traction Kwizeravirgile1
Traction is used to reduce, align, and immobilize fractures by applying gentle pulling forces to injured body parts. There are two main types of traction - skin traction which applies force directly to the skin, and skeletal traction which uses pins inserted into bones. Traction aims to minimize pain and muscle spasms while fractures heal. Common complications can include skin breakdown, respiratory issues, and joint stiffness. Casts are also used to stabilize and protect broken bones, made of materials like plaster or fiberglass. Different types of casts are used depending on the injured body part.
This document provides information about total hip replacement surgery. It discusses the anatomy of the hip joint, common causes of hip damage requiring replacement such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, and the types of surgeries and materials used including cementless fixation and metals, plastics, or ceramics. The procedure is described along with potential complications. Precautions to prevent implant failure like wound care, diet, activity restrictions and infection prevention are outlined. Regulations for hip implants in India are discussed.
This document provides an overview of adhesive capsulitis or "frozen shoulder" presented by Dr. Shazia Khalfe. It defines adhesive capsulitis as a condition characterized by pain and loss of shoulder range of motion. There are two types: primary which is idiopathic, and secondary which occurs after shoulder injuries or immobilization. Clinical presentation includes pain and limited range of motion. Treatment involves exercises to improve range of motion and strengthen muscles, modalities like heat for pain relief, and patient education on home exercises and prognosis. The goal is to regain full range of motion and normal shoulder function.
Pott's disease, or Pott's spine, is a form of tuberculosis that infects the spine. It is caused by the tuberculosis bacteria spreading from the lungs to the spine. This causes spinal arthritis and damage to the vertebrae that can lead to spinal deformities, nerve damage, and paralysis if left untreated. Symptoms include back pain and difficulty walking. Diagnosis involves x-rays, CT scans, and MRIs. Traditional treatments involved immobilization, but patients are now treated with antibiotics to kill the bacteria.
This document provides definitions and information about orthotics. It defines orthotics as externally applied devices that modify the structural and functional characteristics of the neuromuscular and skeletal systems to enable better use of the body part. The document then discusses principles, functions, indications, prescription processes, and nomenclature of various orthotic devices for the spine, upper limbs, lower limbs, knees, and hips. Examples and purposes of different orthotic devices are provided for each body region.
Tennis elbow, also known as lateral epicondylitis, is a tendinopathy of the extensor tendons of the forearm caused by repetitive strain from activities like tennis or manual labor. It presents as lateral elbow pain that is exacerbated by wrist extension movements. While the name suggests it is caused by tennis, 95% of cases occur in non-tennis players engaged in repetitive arm motions. Treatment begins conservatively with rest, ice, braces, and physical therapy, while corticosteroid injections provide temporary pain relief. Surgery is considered if conservative measures fail after 6-12 months.
This document discusses various spinal deformities including scoliosis, kyphosis, and lordosis. It describes the anatomy, causes, classifications, treatments, and outcomes of each condition. Infantile, juvenile, and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis are addressed. Scheuermann's kyphosis and congenital kyphosis are also summarized. Lordosis is defined and clinical features and treatments are provided.
This document discusses cervical and lumbar traction for relieving neck and back pain. Cervical traction uses gentle pulling of the head to relieve pressure in the neck, while lumbar traction does the same for the lower back. Both can help with issues like muscle spasms, disc problems, and nerve impingement. There are many devices and techniques described that provide traction, including overhead pulleys, inflatable harnesses, inversion tables, and manual methods done by therapists. The effectiveness of traction is debated, but it may provide benefits for some individuals when used appropriately.
Ligament Injuries - Types, Symptoms and TreatmentHealth Quest
Ligaments connect bones and support joints. Ligament injuries occur when a joint is stressed beyond its normal range of motion, causing the ligament to tear. Common symptoms include sudden pain, swelling, instability, bruising and inability to move the joint. Treatment depends on the severity but may include physical therapy, NSAIDs, bracing and sometimes surgery for severe injuries. Rest is important to allow healing.
Sports injuries can be acute like sprains and fractures or chronic like tendinitis. Some injuries can be treated at home while others require a doctor. It is important to properly recognize and treat sports injuries so they heal correctly. Common injuries include muscle strains, ligament sprains, tendonitis, and fractures. Treatment depends on the type of injury but generally involves RICE - rest, ice, compression, and elevation. Rehabilitation may also be needed to prevent long-term issues.
According to experts, soft tissue injuries of the knee are the most common disorders presenting to the emergency department. Each year, more than 1 million emergency department visits and almost 2 million primary care visits occur due to acute knee pain.
Sports injuries can be acute like sprains and fractures or chronic like tendinitis and overuse injuries. Common bone injuries include fractures which cause breaks in the bone. Fractures are often diagnosed based on symptoms like swelling, bruising, deformity and pain. Treatments include splinting, casting, and sometimes surgery. Joint dislocations occur when the joint slips out of place, causing symptoms such as swelling, pain, and immobility. Treatment may include medication, surgery, or physical therapy. Muscle strains can cause tearing or damage and result in swelling, bruising, pain, and weakness. Initial treatments include RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation) along with anti-inflammatory medications and physical
Tendonitis details and it's physiotherapy management.
It is define as inflammation of the tendon, tendonitis occur due to overuse and trauma. Depending upon involvement of tendon special test are used. it is treated with PRICE protocol.
A sprain involves the stretching or tearing of a ligament or joint capsule connecting two bones, while a strain involves stretching or tearing of a muscle or tendon. Sprains typically occur from a joint being forced beyond its normal range of motion, and strains occur when a muscle is stretched and suddenly contracts. Both sprains and strains are graded based on severity from mild Grade I injuries involving some stretching to severe Grade III injuries where the ligament or muscle is completely torn. Mild injuries are usually treated with rest, ice, compression and elevation.
1) Tendons connect muscle to bone and ligaments connect bone to bone. They are both susceptible to acute injuries from trauma or overuse injuries from repetitive stress.
2) Common tendon and ligament injuries include strains, tendinitis, tendinosis, subluxation, ruptures, and sprains. Symptoms include pain, swelling, stiffness, and loss of motion.
3) Treatment depends on severity but generally involves RICE (rest, ice, compression, and elevation), bracing, physical therapy, or sometimes surgery. Prevention focuses on strength training, wearing proper protective equipment, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle.
This document discusses common sports injuries affecting the muscular, skeletal, and locomotor systems. It describes injuries such as fractures, dislocations, shin splints, muscle strains, tendonitis, and tendon separations. For each type of injury, it outlines symptoms and recommended treatments, which generally involve rest, ice, compression, elevation, and physical therapy or surgery if needed. The goal is to properly treat and rehabilitate injuries so athletes can heal and return to play.
The document discusses various types of sports injuries including their causes and classifications. It describes soft tissue injuries like tears, strains and contusions that can be acute or chronic. Hard tissue injuries involve damage to bones and teeth from direct or indirect forces and can include fractures or dislocations. The document also provides tips to help prevent around 30-50% of sports injuries such as proper warm up, cool down, stretching, skill development, fitness and using appropriate equipment and playing surfaces.
The document summarizes various aspects of back injuries including skeletal and non-skeletal components of the spine, common causes of back injuries like falls and sports injuries, types of back injuries like strains, sprains and fractures, signs and symptoms, investigations like x-rays and MRIs, and treatments which may involve rest, medications, physical therapy, bracing or surgery depending on the severity and stability of the injury.
HIP PAIN AND INJURY GETTING IN YOUR WAY?
The hip joint is a ball and socket joint where the top of the femur meets the pelvis.
https://evolveny.com/blogposts/2021/21/hip-injury-getting-in-your-way
A fracture is a break in a bone caused by physical force exceeding the bone's strength. There are different types of fractures including simple/closed fractures where the skin is intact, compound/open fractures where the skin is broken, and transverse fractures which occur at right angles to the bone. Symptoms include pain, swelling, bruising, inability to move or bear weight on the injured area. Fractures are typically diagnosed through physical exam and imaging tests like x-rays. Treatment involves immobilizing the area with splints, casts, traction, or surgery depending on the fracture type to promote healing.
The document discusses various musculoskeletal injuries including sprains, strains, fractures, and dislocations. Sprains involve ligament tearing and are graded based on severity. Strains refer to muscle-tendon tearing. Fractures are described based on location, pattern, and displacement. Common musculoskeletal imaging modalities are also discussed.
Musculoskeletal injuries commonly occur from sports or daily activities and include sprains, strains, fractures and dislocations. Sprains involve ligament injuries and are graded based on the amount of ligament tearing. Strains refer to muscle-tendon injuries. Fractures and dislocations alter the normal relationship between bones. Imaging plays an important role in evaluating these injuries.
The document discusses sports injuries, providing definitions and examples of common types of injuries. It explains that sports injuries can be soft tissue injuries, like strains, sprains, bruises and blisters, which damage muscles, ligaments or tendons, or hard tissue injuries like fractures and dislocations, which damage bones or joints. The document emphasizes the importance of studying sports injuries in physical education, as they are common in sports and knowing how to diagnose, treat and prevent injuries is crucial for coaches and trainers. Proper warm-ups, rest, ice, compression and elevation are recommended treatments for many minor soft tissue injuries.
A sprain is a stretch or tear of a ligament connecting bones at a joint, while a strain is an injury to a muscle or tendon. Sprains commonly occur in the ankle after a twist or fall, while strains often affect the back or hamstrings from overuse. Symptoms include pain, swelling, bruising and loss of movement. Treatment focuses on RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation) followed by rehabilitation exercises to regain strength and flexibility.
In this i have covered the different sports injuries of upper extremities, their causes and their orthotic management.
Helpful for those, who are in the field of P & O.
Anatomy of fibula
LL bone part-5
fibula details, side determination, ossification and it's clinical anatomy. fibula is lateral and smaller bone.
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Anatomy of tibia in details by Purvi shah
it's clinical anatomy, side determination, features.
Tibia Lower Limb bone part-4
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Femur Bone anatomy LL bone part 2
Details of femur Bone, attachments and clinical anatomy.
Femur thigh bone, longest bone
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The hip bone is made up of three parts - the ilium, pubis, and ischium - that come together at the cup-shaped acetabulum. The acetabulum articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint. Key features include the iliac crest, pubic crest, ischial tuberosity, and obturator foramen. The hip bones come together at the front to form the pelvic girdle and provide attachments for muscles and ligaments around the hip and pelvic region.
The document discusses the anatomy of the carpal bones. It describes that the carpus is made up of 8 bones arranged in two rows, with the proximal row containing the scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, and pisiform bones and the distal row containing the trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate bones. Each bone has a distinct shape that aids in identification: the scaphoid is boat shaped, lunate is half moon shaped, etc. The document also notes clinical points like how a scaphoid fracture is common from a fall on an outstretched hand and may cause avascular necrosis if blood supply is deprived.
Mental Health Disorder and Physical therapy
Mental Health refers to Cognitive, behavioral, and emotional well-being. It is all how people think, feel and behave.
Contusion, also known as a bruise, is an injury to tissue or bone caused by blood vessels rupturing or breaking and bleeding into the surrounding tissue. This causes discoloration that turns into a bruise. Contusions usually result from a hard hit, fall, or blow. The bleeding can put pressure on nerve endings, causing pain when the area is touched. Contusions are more common in elderly people due to more delicate blood vessels, and can also be caused by medications that interfere with blood clotting. Physiotherapy treatments for contusions include following the PRICE protocol of protection, rest, ice application, compression, and elevation.
Charles Bell describe Bell's Palsy. It's LNM lesion. paralysis of the facial muscle; loss of facial expression. Idiopathic in nature. Most of Patient recover from Bell's Palsy 20 to 25 days. #purvishah #Bell'sPalsyICIDH2Format.
ECG: In 1895 first described by Einthoven, known as 'FATHER OF ECG'. It is a non invasive method. recording of electrical impulses generated in the heart. Important Investigated tool, cardiac activity. #PURVISHAH
This document provides information about stroke, including its definition, types, risk factors, and the role of physiotherapy in treatment. It discusses the two main types of stroke - ischemic and hemorrhagic - and describes some common syndromes associated with different areas of brain injury, such as the middle cerebral artery syndrome. It then outlines physiotherapy techniques used in both the acute and rehabilitation stages, including positioning, improving range of motion, strengthening, balance training, and gait re-education.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
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2. SPRAIN
Sprain is ref to Ligament Injury.
A sprain is an injury to the band of collagen tissue i.e.
a ligament, which connects two or more bones to a joint.
The primary function of a ligament is to provide passive
stabilization of a joint and it plays an important role
in proprioceptive function.
3. Etiology: A sprain occurs when ligaments (fibers that
connect bones to other bones) are stretched or torn.
Resulting Instability of joint
(Some form of impact or trauma leads to Sprain)
4. Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3
Mild Moderate Sever
Severity of Soft Tissue Injury
5. Severity Of Tissue Injury
Grade 1. Ligaments Stretched,
Mild pain at the time of injury or within the first 24 h.
Mild swelling, local tenderness & pain occur when the
tissue is stressed.
6. Grade 2. Ligaments torn slightly,
Moderate pain Stop activity.
Torn fibers Increased activity.
Stress & palpation of tissue leads to pain.
7. Grade 3. Ligaments torn completely,
Near complete or complete tear.
Stress of tissue is usually painless.
8.
9. Most common type of SPRAIN
1.Ankle Sprain: An injury that occurs when the ankle rolls,
twists or turns in an awkward way.
A sprained ankle causes swelling, pain and limited range of
motion.
10.
11. 2.Sprained Knee: A stretching or tearing of the fibrous tissues
connecting the leg bones at the knee.
A sprained knee can be caused by a sports injury or from
falling down.
Symptoms include pain, swelling, bruising and limited knee
mobility.
12. 3.Strained Thumb: An injury of the tissue (ligament)
connecting the bones at the base of the thumb.
A sprained thumb occurs when a ligament is overextended
or torn while severely stressing a joint.
Common causes include skiing injury or overextension
when playing racket sports, such as tennis.
Symptoms are Thumb weakness
Swelling
Pain
Bruising
13. 4.Sprained Wrist: Stretching or tearing of tissues
(ligaments) connecting bones and joints in the wrist.
A sprained wrist can be caused by a sports injury or
trauma.
Symptoms are Wrist swelling
Bruising
Pain
Tenderness
14. HOW TO ASSESS SPRAIN ???
Special Test: Stress Test (Depending upon Ligament
injury special test are needed)
Patient’s History & Complain
US
MRI Imaging
16. PHYSIOTHERAPY
AIMS: Prevention of abnormal scar tissue formation, joint
stiffness, muscle weakness.
Restore proprioceptive deficits
Pain relief
Strengthening of the injured region
Improving performance when the client returns to sport,
work or simply daily life.
17. PHYSIOTHERAPY
Patient education
PRICE protocol (24 to 72 h)
P = Protection
R = Rest
I = Ice Application ( 15 to 20 min)
C = Compression
E = Elevation
Early mobilization & Early weight bearing
18. Pain Relief: Soft tissue massage, Electrotherapy
ROM Ex (PROM; AAROM;AROM)
strengthening and flexibility Ex
Neuromuscular reeducation (Proprioceptive Training)
Taping & Bracing.
19. SURGICAL INTERVENTION
Surgical Intervention: A moderate or severe sprain,
particularly of the ankle, may require a hard cast may be
applied.
Surgically repair & reconstruct torn Ligaments.