Anatomy of Humerus details and it's clinical anatomy PPT. UL bone(part 2) Longest bone. Features Upper end, Shaft, Lower end. Like, share and comment

1. UL Bone
Humerus
Part- 2
BY Purvi Shah
B.P.T

2. Humerus

3. Humerus
It is the long bone of the arm.
Longest bone of UL
It has a upper end, a lower end and a shaft.

5. The Upper End
The head of the humerus is the articular surface of the upper
extremity, which is an irregular hemisphere.
The Anatomical Neck
The Surgical Neck
The Greater Tubercle
The Lesser Tubercle
The intertubercular sulcus (Bicipital groove)

6. The Shaft
The shaft is rounded in upper half and triangular in the lower half
Borders
1.Anterior border
2.Lateral border
3.Medial border
Surfaces
1.Anteolateral surface2.Anteromedial surface 3.Posterior surface

7. The Lower End
The lower end of humerus forms the condyle which is expanded
from side to side.
It has articular parts and non articular parts.
Articular Part
Capitulum : Rounded Projection
Trochlea : Pulley shaped

8. The Lower End
Non articular surface
Medial epicondyle
Lateral epicondyle
Medial supracondylar ridge
Lateral supracondylar ridge
Coronoid fossa
Radial fossa
Olecranon fossa

10. Functions
The humerus serves as an attachment to 13 muscles which
contribute to the movements of the hand and elbow, and therefore
the function of the upper limb.

11. Articulations
Glenohumeral joint
Elbow joint

13. Attachments
Muscles
Subscapularis is inserted into the lesser tubercle
Supraspinatus is inserted into upper impression on GT
Infraspinatus is inserted into middle impression on GT
Teres minor is inserted into lower impression on GT
Pectoralis major is inserted lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus

14. Attachments
Muscles
LD is inserted into floor of intertubercular sulcus
Teres major is inserted into medial lip of intertubercular sulcus
Deltoid is inserted into deltoid tuberosity
Coracobrachialis is inserted into rough area on the middle of medial
border
Brachialis is inserted arises lower halves of the anteromedial &
anterolateral surfaces of the shaft

15. Attachments
Muscles
Brachioradialis arises from the upper two third of lateral
supracondylar ridge
ECRL arises from the lower one third of lateral supracondylar ridge
Pronator teres arises from lower one third of medial suprcondylar
ridge
Superficial flexors muscles of forearm arises by a common origin from
the ant aspect of medial epicondyle

16. Attachments
Muscles
The superficial extensors muscles of forearm arises by a common
origin from the lateral epicondyle
Anconeus arises from the posterior surface of the lateral epicondyle
Lateral head of triceps arises from oblique ridge on upper part of
posterior above radial groove

17. Attachments
Ligaments
Capsular ligaments of shoulder joint is attached to the anatomical
neck except on medial side of humerus
Capsular ligaments of elbow joint is attached to lower end along a
line that reaches the upper limits of radial and coronoid fossae.

18. Ossification
Ossifies from the one primary centres and 7 secondary centres
The upper end ossifies from 3 secondary centres
The lower end ossifies from 4 centres which from 2 epiphyses

19. Clinical Anatomy
Three nerves are directly related to the humerus and therefore
liable to injury
Axillary nerve at surgical neck
Radial nerve at radial groove
Ulnar nerve behind the medial epicondylar

20. Axillary Nerve
Introduction
part of the posterior cord (C5-C6), and provides motor innervation
to the deltoid and teres minor muscles.
An axillary nerve injury can cause signs and symptoms of a
localized neuropathy.

21. Axillary nerve
Axillary nerve injury
Signs and symptoms : Pain to the area of the deltoid and anterior
shoulder
 Loss of movement and/or lack of sensation in the shoulder area
 Reported or observed weakness to the deltoid and teres minor
muscles (Abduction and External rotation).

22. Radial Nerve
Introduction
The radial nerve is one of the terminal branches of the posterior
cord.
Root : C5, 6, 7, 8 & T1
Symptoms : pain
weakness in the wrist, hand, or fingers
loss of function in the wrist, hand, or fingers

23. Ulnar Nerve
Introduction
The ulnar nerve originates from C8-T1 nerve roots which form the
medial cord of the brachial plexus.
Symptoms : Burning feeling in hand, arm or finger
 Increased arm/finger numbness or tingling while typing or writing.
 “Pins and needles” sensation (prickling) in the hand, arm or fingers.
Weakness (loss of strength) in the hand, arm or fingers.

24. Nerve Injury
Nerve injury
Investigation : MRI
EMG/NCV
Surgical management : Neurolysis
Neurorrhaphy
Nerve Grafting
Neurotization

25. Clinical Anatomy
The common sites of fracture are;
Surgical neck
The shaft
The supracondylar region
The humerus has a poor blood supply at the junction of it’s upper
&middle thirds
Fractures at this sites show delayed union
or non union.

28. Thank You