Sports injuries can be acute like sprains and fractures or chronic like tendinitis. Some injuries can be treated at home while others require a doctor. It is important to properly recognize and treat sports injuries so they heal correctly. Common injuries include muscle strains, ligament sprains, tendonitis, and fractures. Treatment depends on the type of injury but generally involves RICE - rest, ice, compression, and elevation. Rehabilitation may also be needed to prevent long-term issues.

1. Physical Department

2.  Sports injuries are not
uncommon and can be
either acute (sprains,
fractures, tears, etc.) or
chronic (tendinitis, overuse,
etc.)
 Learn how to recognize and
treat the most common
sports injuries so they heal
properly.
 Some can be treated at
home, and some require a
trip to the doctor.

3.  Muscle is one of the major components of human
body. There are more than 650 muscles in our
body. In fact, muscles amounts to approximately
half of the total body weight of a human.

5. OSTEOARTICULAR SYSTEM
 The major portion of
vertebrate’s skeleton is
formed by calcified
connective tissues called
bones.
 Calcium is major
component of the bone.
 There are approximately
human
body.
 Bones contain more
calcium when compared to
other body organs.

7.  Fibrous or
Fixed Joints.
 Cartilaginous
or Slightly
Joints.
 Synovial
Joints.

10. •Simple Fracture: Bone breaks into two pieces.
•Stress: It is a peculiar form of fracture. In this type of fracture,
hairline break occurs which is usually invisible (even on X-ray)
during first few weeks from the time of pain.
•Comminuted Fracture: The bone is crushed into number of
pieces
•Impacted Fracture: In this type of fracture embedding of one
bone fragment into another bone fragment is apparent.
•Compound fracture: It is also known by common name open
fracture. In this type the bone protrudes through skin.
•Complete Fracture: Bone snaps totally in two or more pieces
•Incomplete Fracture: Though the bone develops crack it is
not separated.

12. SymptomsofFracture:TreatmentsforFracture:
 Swelling of the affected area
 Inability to carry out functions
of the injured area
 Deformity of limb.
 Bruising around the affected
area.
 Use of splint or cast for
ensuring immobilization
 Realigning the bone with
the help of surgery known as
open reduction.
 Rehabilitation is conducted
as preventive measure
against stiffness.

13.  The joint which
loses its original
place or slips out
from its natural
place is termed in
medical
terminology as
‘dislocated joint’.

14. Symptomsofdislocatedjoint.
TreatmentofDislocatedJoint
 Swelling around the joint
area
 Severe pain.
 Difficulty in moving
(immobility) the affected
 Medication, the main
aim of medication is to
relieve the pain and
reduce swelling
 In certain severe cases
of joint dislocation a
surgery may be
recommended.

15.  The term shin splints is a
name often given to any pain
at the front of the lower
leg.
 This has lead to the use of
terms such as Medial Tibial
Traction Periostitis.

16. Symptomsofshinsplints:Whatcantheathletedoabout
shinsplints?
 Pain over the inside lower half
of the shin.
 Pain often returns after activity
and may be at its worse the next
morning.
 Sometimes some swelling.
 Lumps and bumps may be felt
when feeling the inside of the
shin bone.
 A redness over the inside of the
shin (not always present).
 Rest to allow the injury to heal.
 Apply ice or cold therapy in the
early stages.
 Stretch the muscles of the lower leg.
Wear shock absorbing insoles in
shoes. Maintain fitness with other
non weight bearing exercises such
as swimming, cycling or running in
water.
 Apply heat and use a heat
retainer or shin and calf support
after the initial acute stage and
particularly before training.

17. Strains, Tears and cramps and repetitive stress
injury are some of the most common forms of
muscle injuries.

18.  Muscle strain or
muscle pull or
even a muscle
tear implies
damage to a
muscle or its
attaching
tendons.

19. Muscle Strain Symptoms Treatment
 Swelling, bruising or
redness.
 Pain at rest .
 Weakness of the
muscle or tendons
 Inability to use the
muscle at all.
 Note: Ice or heat should
not be applied to bare
skin. Always use a
protective covering such
as a towel between the
ice or heat and the skin.
 Take an aspirin and
ibuprofen to reduce the
pain and to improve your
ability to move around.
 Protection, rest, ice,
compression, and
elevation.

20. Muscle Tears Muscle Cramp
 The most common cause
for muscle tears occur
from strenuous activity.
 This can include
everything from landing
badly on an ankle or
walking or exercising on
uneven surfaces.
 This type of injury
generally causes sprains
in knees or ankles.
 A muscle cramp is an
involuntarily and
forcibly contracted
muscle that does not
relax.
 Several vitamin
deficiency states may
directly or indirectly
lead to muscle cramps

22. Your ligaments are tough, elastic-like
bands that connect bone to bone and
hold your joints in place.

23. SPRAINS
Of all sprains,
ankle and
knee sprains
occur most
often.
Sprained
ligaments
swell rapidly
and are
painful.
Treatment:
 Protect the injured limb from further
injury by not using the joint.
 You can do this using anything from
splints to crutches.
 Rest the injured limb.
 Ice the area.
 Compress the area with an elastic wrap
or bandage.
 Elevate the injured limb above your
heart whenever possible to help prevent
or limit swelling.

24. Tendonitis
Tendon Separations

25. Tendonitis Tendon Separations
 Tendonitis is the
inflammation of a tendon
caused by irritation due to
prolonged or abnormal use.
 Most tendonitis can be
avoid with proper warm-
up exercises, rest, and
gradual increase in physical
activity:
 Tendons are the fibrous
connective tissues that
connect muscles to bone
in the human body..
 When a rupture of the
tendon occurs, the athlete
will not be able to move
very efficiently, as the
structures are now
disconnected and unstable.

26. Symptoms of tendonitis:
 Pain or tenderness on the tendon
near or around a joint.
 Stiffness and pain on the tendon.
 Occasionally, mild swelling,
numbness, or a tingling sensation
at the joint.
Treatment of tendonitis:
 Rest.
 Cold and heat therapy.
 Casts and splints.
 A doctor may also prescribe oral
medication for inflammation and
pain.

27.  Tendons are the fibrous
connective tissues that
connect muscles to bone in
the human body.
 A key feature of all tendons is
their capacity to withstand
significant forces.
 When a rupture of the tendon
occurs, the athlete will not
be able to move very
efficiently, as the structures
are now disconnected and
unstable.

28. Rehabilitation should be undertaken
with the following considerations:
 Assess the quality and
construction.
 The shoe should be well
cushioned in the heel to lessen the
forces of the heel strike on impact.
 There should be a very gradual
increase in both training intensity
and duration in the rehabilitative
process; such increases should not
exceed 5% to 7% per week.

29. Physical Department