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Deltoid muscle, origin insertion and movement
The document discusses the deltoid muscle. It is a triangular muscle located on the upper arm and shoulder. The deltoid has three portions - the anterior, middle, and posterior deltoid. Each portion has a different origin point on either the clavicle, acromion process, or scapula, but all portions converge to a single insertion point on the humerus. Each portion is also responsible for a different movement, such as flexion, abduction, or extension of the arm.
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The scapula, also known as the shoulder blade, is a flat triangular bone located at the back of the trunk. It connects the upper arm bone (humerus) to the collarbone (clavicle). Along with the clavicle and sternum, the scapula forms the shoulder girdle. The scapula has several processes including the spine, acromion, and coracoid processes. It articulates with the humerus at the glenohumeral joint and with the clavicle at the acromioclavicular joint. Several important muscles like the deltoid, trapezius, and rotator cuff muscles originate on the scapula. F
Scapula bone| easy explanation
The scapula is a flat, triangular bone located on the posterior thorax. It has three angles, three borders, two surfaces, and three processes. The body of the scapula is thin and triangular in shape. It has multiple attachments for muscles including the subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, deltoid, trapezius, and others. The scapula provides attachments via its angles, borders, surfaces, and processes for muscles that aid in shoulder movement.
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Deltoid muscle, origin insertion and movement
The document discusses the deltoid muscle. It is a triangular muscle located on the upper arm and shoulder. The deltoid has three portions - the anterior, middle, and posterior deltoid. Each portion has a different origin point on either the clavicle, acromion process, or scapula, but all portions converge to a single insertion point on the humerus. Each portion is also responsible for a different movement, such as flexion, abduction, or extension of the arm.
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anatomy of radius bone, radius, muscles of forearm, clinical anatomy of radius, radius, origin of muscles of forearm, surfaces and borders of radius
Cervical vertebrae
features and characteristics of the typical and the A typical cervical vertebrae, typical and A typical cervical vertebrae, attachments of cervical vetebrae, atlas and axis features
Muscles of arm
The arm is divided into anterior and posterior compartments by intermuscular septa. The anterior compartment contains the biceps, brachialis, and coracobrachialis muscles which are supplied by the musculocutaneous nerve. The posterior compartment contains the triceps brachii muscle which has three heads and is innervated by the radial nerve. Each muscle's origin, insertion, function, and clinical relevance are described in detail.
scapula pdf
The scapula, also known as the shoulder blade, is a flat triangular bone located at the back of the trunk. It connects the upper arm bone (humerus) to the collarbone (clavicle). Along with the clavicle and sternum, the scapula forms the shoulder girdle. The scapula has several processes including the spine, acromion, and coracoid processes. It articulates with the humerus at the glenohumeral joint and with the clavicle at the acromioclavicular joint. Several important muscles like the deltoid, trapezius, and rotator cuff muscles originate on the scapula. F
Scapula bone| easy explanation
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Sternocleidomastoid muscle by Thirumurugan.docx
Sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM)
The sternocleidomastoid muscle is a two-headed neck muscle, which true to its name bears attachments to the manubrium of sternum (sterno-), the clavicle (-cleido-), and the mastoid process of the temporal bone (-mastoid).
sternocleidomastoideus) is a paired superficial muscle in the anterior portion of the neck.
The sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) is an important landmark in the neck which divides it into an anterior and a posterior triangle.
This muscle binds the skull to the sternum and clavicle
It is a long, bilateral muscle of the neck, which functions to flex the neck both laterally and anteriorly, as well as rotate the head contralaterally to the side of contraction.
The muscle is closely related to certain neurovascular structures that pass through the neck on their way either to the head or to the periphery of the body.
The sternocleidomastoid muscle plays a central role in the formation of the triangles of the neck
Diagram:
Origin:
The sternal head originates from the manubrium sterni of sternum
The Clavicular head from the medial third of the clavicle.
Insertion:
Insertion is the lateral surface of the mastoid process of the temporal bone and the lateral half of the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone.
Relations:
The muscle lies very superficially so that it is both easily visible and palpable.
The carotid pulse may be felt in the middle third of the front edge.
Under the sternocleidomastoid region runs a neurovascular bundle containing:
1. the common carotid artery (medial)
2. the internal jugular vein (lateral)
3. the vagus nerve (dorsal)
4. the cervical ansa (neural loop in the neck formed by connecting the superior root from the cervical spinal nerves (C1–2) and the inferior root descending from C2–C3)
Blood supply:
• Sternocleidomastoid branch of the Occipital artery
Nerve supply:
• The sternocleidomastoid muscle is innervated by the accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI) and direct branches of the cervical plexus (C2-C3).
Function:
o A unilateral contraction of the sternocleidomastoid muscle flesxes the cervical vertebral column to the same side (lateral flexion) and rotates the head to the opposite side.
o A bilateral contraction elevates the head by dorsally extending the upper cervical joints.
o At the same time, it flexes the lower cervical column causing an overall bending of the neck towards the chest.
o If the head is fixed, it elevates the sternum and clavicle and, thus, expands the thoracic cavity (inspiratory breathing muscle).
Femur bone lec3
The femur, or thigh bone, is the longest and strongest bone in the body. It has an upper end with a rounded head that articulates with the acetabulum to form the hip joint. The lower end is widely expanded to form two large condyles. The femur shaft has a linea aspera ridge and provides attachments for muscles like the vastus intermedius and origins for muscles like the short head of the biceps femoris. The upper and lower ends have additional features like the greater and lesser trochanters and medial and lateral epicondyles that provide attachments for ligaments and muscles around the hip and knee joints.
Clavicle
1. The clavicle, also known as the collar bone, supports the shoulder so the arm can swing freely and transmits the weight of the upper limb to the sternum.
2. It has two ends - the lateral end articulates with the acromion process to form the acromioclavicular joint, while the medial end articulates with the manubrium sterni to form the sternoclavicular joint.
3. The clavicle is the only long bone that lies horizontally and gives attachment and origin to several muscles including the deltoid, trapezius, pectoralis major, and sternocleidomastoid.
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Humerus Bone and attachments
The document describes the anatomical features of the humerus bone. It discusses the upper end, which includes the head, anatomical neck, lesser tubercle, and greater tubercle. The lower end includes the capitulum, trochlea, medial and lateral epicondyles. The shaft has borders, surfaces, and features muscle attachments from various muscles including the deltoid, pectoralis major, and triceps brachii. Ligaments like the shoulder and elbow joint capsules are also attached. Major nerves like the axillary, radial, and ulnar nerves are related to specific parts of the humerus.
Slideshow: Radius
Slideshow: Radius
The Funky Professor videos can viewed here:
http://publishing.rcseng.ac.uk/journal/video?videoTaxonomy=FUNK
Deltoid Muscle by Thirumurugan professor
Deltoid Muscle
• The deltoid is a thick, triangular shoulder muscle.
• It gets its name because of its similar shape to the Greek letter ‘delta’ (Δ).
• The muscle has a wide origin spanning the clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula.
• It passes inferiorly surrounding the glenohumeral joint on all sides and inserts onto the humerus.
Diagram
Parts: The deltoid has three functionally and anatomically distinct parts.
1. Acromial part
2. Clavicular part
3. Scapular spinal part.
• The acromial part, sometimes also known as the middle or central, is the largest and the strongest. It is a multipennate (fibers arranged at multiple angle)
• The Clavicular (anterior) and scapular spinal (posterior) parts are both unipennate (muscle fibers are attached to one side)
Origins: The deltoid muscle has a very broad origin and a narrow base, thus creating its triangular shape. The three parts of the deltoid each have a different origin:
• The Clavicular (anterior) part originates from the superior surface and the anterior border of the clavicle.
• The acromial (middle) part arises from the lateral margin and superior surface of the acromion of scapula.
• The scapular spinal (posterior) part originates from the lateral 1/3 of the spine of scapula, on the crest.
Insertion: It inserts into the deltoid tuberosity located approximately halfway down the lateral aspect of the shaft of the humerus.
Innervation or Nerve supply: The deltoid muscle is innervated by one of the main branches of the brachial plexus, the axillary nerve (C5, C6).
Blood supply: As the deltoid muscle is rather large, it receives a rich vascular supply from various sources:
• Thoracoacromial artery (acromial and deltoid branches), branch of the axillary artery
• Subscapular artery, branch of the axillary artery
• Anterior circumflex humeral artery
• Posterior circumflex humeral artery
• Deep brachial artery (deltoid branch)
All arteries supplying the deltoid are branches of the axillary artery, except for the deep brachial artery, which is a branch of the brachial artery, which is the continuation of the axillary artery within the arm
Function or Action or Movements:
• The deltoid muscle (acromial part) is the principal abductor of the arm at the glenohumeral joint. The Clavicular and scapular spinal fibers of the muscle guide the arm through the abduction motion.
• Deltoid muscle participates in stabilization of the glenohumeral joint. When carrying heavy objects while the arm is fully adducted, the muscle will produce a line of force (static contraction) that prevents the inferior displacement of the glenohumeral joint. Allows adducting the arm in a controlled manner.
• The Clavicular (anterior) fibers of deltoid act along with pectoralis major to produce flexion of the arm during walking or running motions. These fibers are also active during internal (medial) rotation of the humerus.
Slideshow: Scapula
Slideshow: Scapula
The Funky Professor videos can viewed here:
http://publishing.rcseng.ac.uk/journal/video?videoTaxonomy=FUNK
The femur
The femur is the longest and strongest bone in the body. It has an upper end that connects to the hip bone, a shaft, and a lower end with two condyles. The upper end contains a head that articulates with the hip bone, a neck, and two trochanters. The shaft widens in the upper third and lower third. It has ridges and lines that muscles attach to. The lower end forms the knee joint with the tibia.
Tibia bone.pptx
This document describes the anatomy of the tibia bone. It notes that the tibia is the medial and larger bone of the leg, also known as the shin bone. It has an upper end with medial and lateral condyles that articulate with the femur to form the knee joint. The lower end has a medial malleolus and articulates with the talus bone to form the ankle joint. Key structures that attach to various parts of the tibia are also described.
Upper limb bones (clavicle & scapula)
The clavicle has lateral and medial ends that articulate with the acromion and manubrium respectively. It ossifies from two primary centers and has attachments for muscles like the deltoid and pectoralis major. The scapula has surfaces for the subscapularis and infraspinatus muscles. It has processes like the acromion, coracoid and spine. Muscles like the trapezius and serratus anterior originate or insert on the scapula. Both bones ossify membraneously and have sex differences in shape and size.
Hip bone (Gross Anatomy)
The hip bone is formed by the fusion of three separate bones - the ilium, ischium, and pubis - in the pelvis. At puberty, these bones fuse together to form one large irregular bone. The hip bone articulates with the sacrum and forms the walls of the pelvis. It also connects with the opposite hip bone at the symphysis pubis. Several important structures pass through the foramina of the hip bone, including nerves, vessels, and muscles that connect to the lower limb.
6. anatomy of popliteal fossa
The popliteal fossa is a diamond-shaped space located behind the knee. It contains the popliteal artery and vein, the tibial and common peroneal nerves, and popliteal lymph nodes. The boundaries of the fossa include muscles like the biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and gastrocnemius. The contents of the fossa are vulnerable due to the fossa's location and proximity to the surface.
The clavicle
1. The clavicle is the only long bone that lies horizontally and has no medullary cavity. It is the first bone to start ossifying in the fetus and the last bone to finish ossifying at age 25.
2. The clavicle has two ends - the lateral end articulates with the acromion at the acromioclavicular joint, while the medial end articulates with the manubrium of the sternum at the sternoclavicular joint.
3. Fractures of the clavicle most commonly occur just lateral to the midpoint, where the two curves of the bone meet.
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This is a presentation on muscles of thorax with their Origin, insertion, nerve supply & action. Hope it will help you guys. Thank you.
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The document summarizes the key anatomical structures of the gluteal region and inferior extremity. It describes 5 differences between the human superior and inferior extremities, including that the gluteal region acts as a transitional region between the trunk and lower extremity. It then provides details on the boundaries, skeleton, muscles like the gluteus maximus and medius, ligaments, vessels, nerves, and other structures found in the gluteal region.
Sternocleidomastoid muscle by Thirumurugan.docx
Sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM)
The sternocleidomastoid muscle is a two-headed neck muscle, which true to its name bears attachments to the manubrium of sternum (sterno-), the clavicle (-cleido-), and the mastoid process of the temporal bone (-mastoid).
sternocleidomastoideus) is a paired superficial muscle in the anterior portion of the neck.
The sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) is an important landmark in the neck which divides it into an anterior and a posterior triangle.
This muscle binds the skull to the sternum and clavicle
It is a long, bilateral muscle of the neck, which functions to flex the neck both laterally and anteriorly, as well as rotate the head contralaterally to the side of contraction.
The muscle is closely related to certain neurovascular structures that pass through the neck on their way either to the head or to the periphery of the body.
The sternocleidomastoid muscle plays a central role in the formation of the triangles of the neck
Diagram:
Origin:
The sternal head originates from the manubrium sterni of sternum
The Clavicular head from the medial third of the clavicle.
Insertion:
Insertion is the lateral surface of the mastoid process of the temporal bone and the lateral half of the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone.
Relations:
The muscle lies very superficially so that it is both easily visible and palpable.
The carotid pulse may be felt in the middle third of the front edge.
Under the sternocleidomastoid region runs a neurovascular bundle containing:
1. the common carotid artery (medial)
2. the internal jugular vein (lateral)
3. the vagus nerve (dorsal)
4. the cervical ansa (neural loop in the neck formed by connecting the superior root from the cervical spinal nerves (C1–2) and the inferior root descending from C2–C3)
Blood supply:
• Sternocleidomastoid branch of the Occipital artery
Nerve supply:
• The sternocleidomastoid muscle is innervated by the accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI) and direct branches of the cervical plexus (C2-C3).
Function:
o A unilateral contraction of the sternocleidomastoid muscle flesxes the cervical vertebral column to the same side (lateral flexion) and rotates the head to the opposite side.
o A bilateral contraction elevates the head by dorsally extending the upper cervical joints.
o At the same time, it flexes the lower cervical column causing an overall bending of the neck towards the chest.
o If the head is fixed, it elevates the sternum and clavicle and, thus, expands the thoracic cavity (inspiratory breathing muscle).
Femur bone lec3
The femur, or thigh bone, is the longest and strongest bone in the body. It has an upper end with a rounded head that articulates with the acetabulum to form the hip joint. The lower end is widely expanded to form two large condyles. The femur shaft has a linea aspera ridge and provides attachments for muscles like the vastus intermedius and origins for muscles like the short head of the biceps femoris. The upper and lower ends have additional features like the greater and lesser trochanters and medial and lateral epicondyles that provide attachments for ligaments and muscles around the hip and knee joints.
Clavicle
1. The clavicle, also known as the collar bone, supports the shoulder so the arm can swing freely and transmits the weight of the upper limb to the sternum.
2. It has two ends - the lateral end articulates with the acromion process to form the acromioclavicular joint, while the medial end articulates with the manubrium sterni to form the sternoclavicular joint.
3. The clavicle is the only long bone that lies horizontally and gives attachment and origin to several muscles including the deltoid, trapezius, pectoralis major, and sternocleidomastoid.
2. front of the thigh ii
This document describes the anatomy of the front of the thigh. It details the cutaneous nerves, muscles in the anterior compartment including the pectineus, sartorius and quadriceps femoris. It describes the femoral triangle containing the femoral vessels and nerve. The adductor canal containing the continuation of the femoral artery and vein is also summarized. Finally, the courses and branches of the femoral artery and vein are outlined.
Anatomy of Gluteal Region
The document provides information about the gluteal region including its boundaries, muscles, blood vessels, and nerves. It describes the gluteus maximus, medius, and minimus muscles and their actions. It discusses the cutaneous innervation and the nerves that innervate the muscles of the gluteal region including the superior and inferior gluteal nerves. It provides details on the arteries including the superior and inferior gluteal arteries and structures that pass through the greater sciatic foramen.
Anatomy of scapula
anatomy of scapula, borders, surfaces, processes, side determination, muscle attachments, ligament attachments
Tarsal, Metatarsal and Phalanges of the Foot
This ppt will give you the basic knowledge about bony structure of the foot, every foot joints and associated muscles.
Humerus Bone and attachments
The document describes the anatomical features of the humerus bone. It discusses the upper end, which includes the head, anatomical neck, lesser tubercle, and greater tubercle. The lower end includes the capitulum, trochlea, medial and lateral epicondyles. The shaft has borders, surfaces, and features muscle attachments from various muscles including the deltoid, pectoralis major, and triceps brachii. Ligaments like the shoulder and elbow joint capsules are also attached. Major nerves like the axillary, radial, and ulnar nerves are related to specific parts of the humerus.
Slideshow: Radius
Slideshow: Radius
The Funky Professor videos can viewed here:
http://publishing.rcseng.ac.uk/journal/video?videoTaxonomy=FUNK
Deltoid Muscle by Thirumurugan professor
Deltoid Muscle
• The deltoid is a thick, triangular shoulder muscle.
• It gets its name because of its similar shape to the Greek letter ‘delta’ (Δ).
• The muscle has a wide origin spanning the clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula.
• It passes inferiorly surrounding the glenohumeral joint on all sides and inserts onto the humerus.
Diagram
Parts: The deltoid has three functionally and anatomically distinct parts.
1. Acromial part
2. Clavicular part
3. Scapular spinal part.
• The acromial part, sometimes also known as the middle or central, is the largest and the strongest. It is a multipennate (fibers arranged at multiple angle)
• The Clavicular (anterior) and scapular spinal (posterior) parts are both unipennate (muscle fibers are attached to one side)
Origins: The deltoid muscle has a very broad origin and a narrow base, thus creating its triangular shape. The three parts of the deltoid each have a different origin:
• The Clavicular (anterior) part originates from the superior surface and the anterior border of the clavicle.
• The acromial (middle) part arises from the lateral margin and superior surface of the acromion of scapula.
• The scapular spinal (posterior) part originates from the lateral 1/3 of the spine of scapula, on the crest.
Insertion: It inserts into the deltoid tuberosity located approximately halfway down the lateral aspect of the shaft of the humerus.
Innervation or Nerve supply: The deltoid muscle is innervated by one of the main branches of the brachial plexus, the axillary nerve (C5, C6).
Blood supply: As the deltoid muscle is rather large, it receives a rich vascular supply from various sources:
• Thoracoacromial artery (acromial and deltoid branches), branch of the axillary artery
• Subscapular artery, branch of the axillary artery
• Anterior circumflex humeral artery
• Posterior circumflex humeral artery
• Deep brachial artery (deltoid branch)
All arteries supplying the deltoid are branches of the axillary artery, except for the deep brachial artery, which is a branch of the brachial artery, which is the continuation of the axillary artery within the arm
Function or Action or Movements:
• The deltoid muscle (acromial part) is the principal abductor of the arm at the glenohumeral joint. The Clavicular and scapular spinal fibers of the muscle guide the arm through the abduction motion.
• Deltoid muscle participates in stabilization of the glenohumeral joint. When carrying heavy objects while the arm is fully adducted, the muscle will produce a line of force (static contraction) that prevents the inferior displacement of the glenohumeral joint. Allows adducting the arm in a controlled manner.
• The Clavicular (anterior) fibers of deltoid act along with pectoralis major to produce flexion of the arm during walking or running motions. These fibers are also active during internal (medial) rotation of the humerus.
Slideshow: Scapula
Slideshow: Scapula
The Funky Professor videos can viewed here:
http://publishing.rcseng.ac.uk/journal/video?videoTaxonomy=FUNK
The femur
The femur is the longest and strongest bone in the body. It has an upper end that connects to the hip bone, a shaft, and a lower end with two condyles. The upper end contains a head that articulates with the hip bone, a neck, and two trochanters. The shaft widens in the upper third and lower third. It has ridges and lines that muscles attach to. The lower end forms the knee joint with the tibia.
Tibia bone.pptx
This document describes the anatomy of the tibia bone. It notes that the tibia is the medial and larger bone of the leg, also known as the shin bone. It has an upper end with medial and lateral condyles that articulate with the femur to form the knee joint. The lower end has a medial malleolus and articulates with the talus bone to form the ankle joint. Key structures that attach to various parts of the tibia are also described.
Upper limb bones (clavicle & scapula)
The clavicle has lateral and medial ends that articulate with the acromion and manubrium respectively. It ossifies from two primary centers and has attachments for muscles like the deltoid and pectoralis major. The scapula has surfaces for the subscapularis and infraspinatus muscles. It has processes like the acromion, coracoid and spine. Muscles like the trapezius and serratus anterior originate or insert on the scapula. Both bones ossify membraneously and have sex differences in shape and size.
Hip bone (Gross Anatomy)
The hip bone is formed by the fusion of three separate bones - the ilium, ischium, and pubis - in the pelvis. At puberty, these bones fuse together to form one large irregular bone. The hip bone articulates with the sacrum and forms the walls of the pelvis. It also connects with the opposite hip bone at the symphysis pubis. Several important structures pass through the foramina of the hip bone, including nerves, vessels, and muscles that connect to the lower limb.
6. anatomy of popliteal fossa
The popliteal fossa is a diamond-shaped space located behind the knee. It contains the popliteal artery and vein, the tibial and common peroneal nerves, and popliteal lymph nodes. The boundaries of the fossa include muscles like the biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and gastrocnemius. The contents of the fossa are vulnerable due to the fossa's location and proximity to the surface.
The clavicle
1. The clavicle is the only long bone that lies horizontally and has no medullary cavity. It is the first bone to start ossifying in the fetus and the last bone to finish ossifying at age 25.
2. The clavicle has two ends - the lateral end articulates with the acromion at the acromioclavicular joint, while the medial end articulates with the manubrium of the sternum at the sternoclavicular joint.
3. Fractures of the clavicle most commonly occur just lateral to the midpoint, where the two curves of the bone meet.
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This is a presentation on muscles of thorax with their Origin, insertion, nerve supply & action. Hope it will help you guys. Thank you.
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আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
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Wahiba Chair's Talk at the 2024 Learning Ideas Conference. The Diamonds of 2023-2024 in the IGRA collection
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
PCOS corelations and management through Ayurveda.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
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A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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