The document outlines the anatomy and applied aspects of the bones in the upper limb, including the clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, and ulna. It highlights key features, common fractures, and the associated clinical implications of injuries to these bones. Specific conditions such as winging of the scapula, Colles' fracture, and Bennett's fracture are noted for their clinical relevance.

1. Bones Of Upper Limb
Mk. Sadham hussain Bsc .radiology 1st year

2. Clavicle(collar bone)
Paculiarities of clavicle
• Only long bone placed horizontally.
• Subcutaneous and can easily palpated.
• 1st bone to ossify in the body.
• The only long bone with two primary center of ossification
for shaft.
• No madullary cavity.

3. Applied Anatomy.
• Common sit of fractured in clavicle is the
junction of medial 2/3 and lateral 1/3.

4. Scapula(shoulder blade)
2 surfaces
• Costal surface is also called subscapular fossa
• Dorsal surface is divided into an upper
supraspinous and infraspinous fossa by spinous
process
3 broder
• Superior border
• Lateral border
• Medial border

5. 3 processes
• Acromion process – it articulates with the lateral
end of the clavicle at the acromioclavicular joint.
• Coracoid process
• Spinous process
Applied anatomy
Paralysis of a muscle called serratus anterior
causes winging of the scapula .

7. Applied Anatomy of Scapula
• Paralysis of serratus anterior
muscle causes winging of the
scapula .

8. Humerus
• It has upper end , lower end , shaft .
Upper end
• Head – it articulates with glenoid cavity of the
scapula to form shoulder joint .
• Greater tubercle
• Lesser tubercle
• Bicipital groove (intertubercular sulcus) – it is an
area between GT and LT

12. (radial fossa , coronoid fossa , olecranon fossa)

13. Applied Anatomy Humerus.
• The fracture affecting the surgical neck can
damage axillary nerve leads to paralysis of
deltoid muscle.
• Fracture affecting the shaft can cause
damage to radial nerve which result wrist
drop.
• Supracondylar fracture can damage median
nerve and brachial artery. Damage of
brachial artery cause volkman’s ischemci
contracture.

14. • Fracture affecting the medial epicondyle
can damage ulnar nerve which leads to
‘claw hand’ sensory loss in the medial
side of the palm and medial one and a
half finger .

15. Radius (arm)
•The shorter of the two long bones of the forearm,
extending from the elbow to the wrist;
•it is the bone on the thumb side of the arm.
•The radius rotates around the ulna, permitting the
hand to rotate and be flexible.
•A projection just above the thumb side of the wrist
marks the end of the radius.

19. Applied Anatomy of Radius
• Colles’ fracture : Fracture of distal end of the radius , the
distal fractured fragment is displaced upwards and
posteriorly by brachio radialis muscle . This produces
‘dinner fork deformity’.
• smith’s fracture : it is reverse of colles’ fracture . It
produced by a fall on the back of the hand .

22. Applied Anatomy Of Ulna.
• Fracture of shaft of ulna may be associated
with fracture of radius .
• Fracture of olecranon process occurs if one
falls on the point of elbow .

23. Bones of the Hand

32. Applied anatomy of carpal bone .
• Scaphoid fracture : scaphoid is the most common
carpal bone fractured due to fall on the
outstretched hand.
• Lunate dislocation : though it is uncommon , its
forward dislocation can cause carpal tunnel
syndrome .

33. Applied Anatomy of phalanges
• Bennett’s fracture : fracture involving the base of
the 1st metacarpal bone .
• Mallet finger : the distal phalanx undergoes
extreme flexion due to detachment of extensor
tendon from the distal phalanx .