The document provides an overview of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics. It discusses the history of probiotics beginning with Metchnikoff's proposal of therapeutic use of lactic acid bacteria. Common probiotic genera include Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Probiotics are proposed to confer health benefits through various mechanisms of action in the gut. Prebiotics are non-digestible fibers that promote the growth of beneficial bacteria. The combination of probiotics and prebiotics in a product is called a synbiotic and may provide synergistic benefits. Clinical applications of probiotics include treatment of diarrhea, IBS, and inflammatory bowel diseases.
covers Introduction.
History of probiotics.
General characteristics of probiotics.
Why are probiotics important to human health?
Some probiotics strains.
Mechanism of action
Advantages of host and type of advantages.
Classification of probiotics and examples.
Probiotics but not antibiotics, explanation with AAD.
Some probiotic food.
Probiotics and cancer.
Disadvantages of probiotics
Status of probiotics in india
India and global probiotics manufactures.
Probiotics are live bacteria or yeasts that are good for the digestive system.
Prebiotics as non-digestible ingredients in the food that can stimulate the activity of desirable microbiota
covers Introduction.
History of probiotics.
General characteristics of probiotics.
Why are probiotics important to human health?
Some probiotics strains.
Mechanism of action
Advantages of host and type of advantages.
Classification of probiotics and examples.
Probiotics but not antibiotics, explanation with AAD.
Some probiotic food.
Probiotics and cancer.
Disadvantages of probiotics
Status of probiotics in india
India and global probiotics manufactures.
Probiotics are live bacteria or yeasts that are good for the digestive system.
Prebiotics as non-digestible ingredients in the food that can stimulate the activity of desirable microbiota
Beneficial Effects of Probiotics
Introduction: PROBIOTICS are living microorganisms, when taken by mouth, benefit your health by improving the balance of bacteria in the intestines.
Often bacteria, but also include some kinds of yeast.
PROBIOTICS are “good” bacteria or non-pathogenic in healthy people.
Gut contains over 500 different types of beneficial bacteria.
Beneficial functions such as inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria, aiding in digestion, and vitamin-B synthesis.
To consider Bacterium as Probiotics, must meet the following criteria:
It is a microbial organism which is not harmful
It remains alive during processing and the shelf life of the food
It must survive digestion and remain alive in the gut
It is able to bring about a response in the gut
It is associated with health benefits
Common Probiotic Bacteria
Lactobacillus acidophilus
Lactobacillus casei
Lactobacillus reuteri
Lactobacillus plantarum
Lactobacillus rhamnosus
Bifidobacterium animalis
Bifidobacterium infantis
Bifidobacterium lactis
Bifidobacterium longum
Beneficial Effects of Probiotics
Absorbing and/or destroying toxins released by certain “bad” bacteria that can make you sick.
Producing substances that prevent infection.
Preventing harmful bacteria from attaching to the gut wall and growing there.
Boosting your immune system
Sending signals to your cells to strengthen the mucus in your intestine, which helps it act as a barrier against infection.
Production of B vitamins. Vitamin B is important in maintaining healthy skin, a healthy nervous system and preventing anemia
Decrease gas production and bloating
This is the unedited version of the "Probiotics" presentation given at the University of Arizona's College of Medicine. Its intent was to demonstrate that even in the "hard sciences" base emotional biases can interfere with good scientific data and interpretation. To fully appreciate this presentation, you must be eating yogurt prior to beginning to view it, and proceed through the slides one at a time without skipping ahead. This is the actual slide show that was shown at the seminar and is not for the squeamish. I'll post a more benign version for those not wishing to test their boundaries and "good taste."
Neutraceuticals - Probiotics, Prebiotics & SynbioticsMayur D. Chauhan
The following presentation is only for quick reference. I would advise you to read the theoretical aspects of the respective topic and then use this presentation for your last minute revision. I hope it helps you..!!
Mayur D. Chauhan
This is a presentation on probiotic foods, where I have described what probiotic food is, their mechanism of action, adequacy, and some popular forms of probiotic foods present in the market.
Beneficial Effects of Probiotics
Introduction: PROBIOTICS are living microorganisms, when taken by mouth, benefit your health by improving the balance of bacteria in the intestines.
Often bacteria, but also include some kinds of yeast.
PROBIOTICS are “good” bacteria or non-pathogenic in healthy people.
Gut contains over 500 different types of beneficial bacteria.
Beneficial functions such as inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria, aiding in digestion, and vitamin-B synthesis.
To consider Bacterium as Probiotics, must meet the following criteria:
It is a microbial organism which is not harmful
It remains alive during processing and the shelf life of the food
It must survive digestion and remain alive in the gut
It is able to bring about a response in the gut
It is associated with health benefits
Common Probiotic Bacteria
Lactobacillus acidophilus
Lactobacillus casei
Lactobacillus reuteri
Lactobacillus plantarum
Lactobacillus rhamnosus
Bifidobacterium animalis
Bifidobacterium infantis
Bifidobacterium lactis
Bifidobacterium longum
Beneficial Effects of Probiotics
Absorbing and/or destroying toxins released by certain “bad” bacteria that can make you sick.
Producing substances that prevent infection.
Preventing harmful bacteria from attaching to the gut wall and growing there.
Boosting your immune system
Sending signals to your cells to strengthen the mucus in your intestine, which helps it act as a barrier against infection.
Production of B vitamins. Vitamin B is important in maintaining healthy skin, a healthy nervous system and preventing anemia
Decrease gas production and bloating
This is the unedited version of the "Probiotics" presentation given at the University of Arizona's College of Medicine. Its intent was to demonstrate that even in the "hard sciences" base emotional biases can interfere with good scientific data and interpretation. To fully appreciate this presentation, you must be eating yogurt prior to beginning to view it, and proceed through the slides one at a time without skipping ahead. This is the actual slide show that was shown at the seminar and is not for the squeamish. I'll post a more benign version for those not wishing to test their boundaries and "good taste."
Neutraceuticals - Probiotics, Prebiotics & SynbioticsMayur D. Chauhan
The following presentation is only for quick reference. I would advise you to read the theoretical aspects of the respective topic and then use this presentation for your last minute revision. I hope it helps you..!!
Mayur D. Chauhan
This is a presentation on probiotic foods, where I have described what probiotic food is, their mechanism of action, adequacy, and some popular forms of probiotic foods present in the market.
This presentation focuses on the Pre and Probiotic. The nature of healing and promotion of health. This presentation informs the public of the marketing campaigns that can mislead the public.
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Join us for an enlightening presentation on the fascinating world of probiotics. Delve into the microscopic universe of beneficial bacteria that reside within us and discover how they contribute to our overall well-being. From improving digestion and boosting immunity to their potential influence on mood, this presentation will explore the science behind probiotics and their impact on human health. Gain insights into selecting the right probiotics for you, understanding strain diversity, and making informed choices for a balanced and vibrant life. Don’t miss this opportunity to uncover the secrets of a harmonious gut microbiome and its profound effects on your health.
At the start of the 20th century, Russian noble prize winner and father of modern immunology, Elie Metchnikoff, a scientist at the Pasteur institute, was the first conceptualize “probiotics”.
In 1907 Metchnokoff proposed that the acid producing bacteria in fermented milk products could prevent “fouling” in the large intestine and if consumed regularly, lead to a longer, healthier life.
In early 1930’s, in Japan, Minoru shirota developed a fermented milk product called Yakult (probiotic yogurt like product made by fermenting a mixture of skimmed milk with a special strain of Lactobacillus casei shirota).
Probiotic term coined in 1965 by Lilly and StillwellThe human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a highly specialised ecosystem that has evolved over
time, both physiologically and microbiologically. At least in part, this is a consequence of the
host and environmental pressures that it must counteract in order to maintain eubiosis. The
GI tract is one of the most diverse and metabolically active organs in the human body. The
human gut and its microbiota cannot be realistically considered as separate entities as they
represent a dynamic biological system that has co-evolved from birth. The human GI tract
is composed of highly adapted regions for mediation of its diverse functions, many of which
impact markedly upon host health and welfare. Physiological considerations in each unique
region infl uence the degree and type of colonisation and initial colonisers also modify the
physiological conditions therein. This results in the development of distinct microhabitats
along the length of the GI tract, which infl uence metabolism, protection and immune stimulation.
Such effects are both local and systemic as the GI tract is connected to the vascular,
lymphatic and nervous systems. The ability of the gut to sustain its benefi cial microbiota,
against harmful or opportunistic microbiota, in a desirable community structure, is critical
for host health and reduction of disease risk. The focus of this chapter is to discuss how the
complex interplays between the human GI tract and its indigenous microbiota affect host
health and how certain benefi cial microbial species, with their potential for manipulation,
are crucial to this processThe human gastrointestinal tract is sterile up until birth, when microbial colonisation begins
during the delivery process. The inoculum may be largely derived either from the mother’s
vaginal or faecal fl ora (in a conventional birth) or from the environment (in a caesarean
delivery).Hence, the microbiota that colonise the newborn tract are acquired post-natally.
This is of extreme importance in the choice of delivery, as newborns delivered by caesarean
section are exposed to a different microbiota than that of a vaginal delivery. Bacterial
populations develop progressively during the fi rst few days of life; facultative anaerobes
predominate initially and create a reduced environment that allows for the growth of strict
Probiotics and Healthy life by Dr.C P PrinceDR.PRINCE C P
This ppt of Dr Prince C P explains the importance of probiotics for healthy life. Probiotics were earlier defined as non-pathogenic microorganisms which when ingested, exert a positive influence on host’s health or physiology.
The latest definition put forward by FDA and WHO jointly is “Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit to the host”.
Nutraceuticals are products, which other than nutrition are also used as medicine. A nutraceutical product may be defined as a substance, which has physiological benefit or provides protection against chronic disease
Probiotics are useful microorganisms to fight against pathogenic bacteria in human gut . Commercially bacteria and fungus are being used as probiotic organisms
prebiotic and probiotic....., diffrent between prebiotic and probiotic , in food chemistry , and also food processing tecnology, A.D patel institute of tecnology, v.v nagar, gujrat,india,
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These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
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Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
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Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
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Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
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Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
2. Overview
• Introduction
• History
• Concept of probiotics
• MOA and examples of probiotics
• Prebiotics and its examples
• Clinical applications of pre/pro biotics
• Synbiotic
• Probiotics containing product in market.
3. Intestine is a Paradise of disease
• Death sits in
the bowels; a
bad digestion
is the root of
all evil” -
Hippocrates,
400 BC
4. The Probiotic History
Ellie Metchnikoff, the first scientist who proposed the therapeutic
use of lactic acid bacteria.
•Lactic acid bacteria were first discovered by
Pasteur in 1857
•Their isolation from rancid milk
was reported in 1878 by Lister.
In 1889 Tissier
discovered
Bifidobacterium
spp.
The first stable cultures
of Lactobacillus casei
strain Shirota were made
in 1930 by Dr. Minoru
Shirota
5.
6. • It participates in protection of the host through strong
defense mechanisms from the external environment
• Defense task is based on three barriers:
• 1- The ecological barrier (normal inhabitant flora within intestine)
• 2- Mechanical barrier (mucous epithelia)
• 3- Immune barrier (IgA, intraepithelial lymphocytes, macrophages,
neutrophils, natural killer cells, and mesenteric lymph nodes)
• Our Intestine = 400 square meter surface…
Largest immune organ
7. • Trillions living bacteria
exist in the human
intestine
• Lactobacillus,Bifidobacte
rium and Acidophilus
comprise the majority of
healthy bacteria in the
colon along with other
disease producing
bacteria.
Facts about Intestine
8. Factors affecting the intestinal micro
ecosystem
• During infancy :
Mother’s microbiology
Mode of delivery
Feeding practices
• Later in life :
Antibiotics and other drug intake
Microbial infections
Diet (highly processed, low fiber)
Chronic diarrhea
Stress
11. Dysbiosis is the abnormal microbial
colonization of the intestine ,
where changes in Quantity and
Quality of flora become
Pathological & Harmful.
Common causes of dysbiosis:
• Antibiotic therapy
• Autoimmune conditions , IBD
• Others are fast paced lifestyle,
stress, food habits, Alcohol intake and
cigarette smoking
Dysbiosis
12. Nutraceuticals can be defined as
“ A food or part of food or nutrient, that
provides health benefits, including the
prevention and treatment of a disease.”
Nutraceuticals
13. Classification of nutraceuticals
Based on chemical constituents:
– Nutrients :- Substances with established nutritional
functions, such as vitamins, minerals, amino acids and fatty
acids
– Herbals :- Herbs or botanical products as concentrates and
extracts, such as aloe Vera juice.
– Dietary Supplement :- products that contain a dietary
ingredient intended to add something to the foods we eat
such as prebiotics, probiotics
15. Why are Probiotics important for Human health?
Antibiotics
Alcohol
consumption
Stress
Destroy the
gut micro flora
Problems in
digestion
Problems in
absorption of
nutrients in the
body
Emergence of
antibiotic
resistant strains
Probiotics
16. Key properties of probiotic
Non-pathogenic, non-toxic and non-allergic.
Capable of surviving and metabolizing in upper G.I.
tract e.g. Resistant to low pH, organic acids, bile juice,
saliva and gastric acid
Human in origin, genetically stable and capable of
remaining viable for long periods .
Able to modulate immune response and provide
resistance to disease through improved immunity or by
the production of antimicrobial substance in the guts.
Contd….
17. Key properties of probiotic
Good adhesion/ colonization
Antagonistic against carcinogenic/ pathogenic
organisms.
Clinically proven health benefit,
Technologic properties for commercial viability such as
stability of desired characteristics during processing,
storage and transportation.
18. Bifidobacterium species
B. bifidum
B. longum
B. breve
B. infantis
B. lactis
B. adolescentis
Others
Bacillus cereus
Non pathogenic Escherichia coli
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast)
Enterococcus faecalis
Streptococcus thermophilus
Examples of probiotics
Lactobacillus species
L. acidophilus
L. casei (rhamnosus)
L. reuteri
L. bulgaricus
L. plantarum
L. johnsonii
L. lactis
19. Mechanism of action
Stimulation of innate immune response
Decrease luminal pH
Secrete antimicrobial peptides
Inhibit bacterial invasion
Block bacterial adhesion to epithelial cells
22. Prebiotics
The concept of prebiotic was introduced by
Gibson & Roberfroid, in 1995
“Non-digestible food ingredients that
beneficially affect the host by selectively
stimulating the growth and/or activity of one
or a limited number of bacteria in the colon
that can improve host health."
24. Clinical application of probiotics and
prebiotics
Proven Benefits
• Diarrheal Illness - treatment and prevention
• Prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD)
• Treatment of Clostridium difficile infection
• Inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis,)
• Lactose intolerance
Suggested Benefits
• Food allergies
• Eczema
25. Probiotics in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal
Disorders
IBD
Ulcerative colitis
Crohn’s disease
Pouchitis
Constipation
Lactose
Intolerance
H. pylori
Eradication
Diarrhea
Acute infectious
Antibiotic-associated
C. difficile
26. Antibiotic associated diarrhea
Broad-spectrum antibiotics are associated with
the highest rate of AAD because of their
disruptive impact on the normal intestinal flora.
Commonly implicated antibiotics – broad spectrum
penicillins (ampicillin), Cephalosporins
(Cefixime,cefalexin), Clindamycin, Fluroquinolones.
Diarrhea is a common adverse effect of antibiotic treatments.
Antibiotic associated diarrhea occurs in about 5-30% of patients
Probiotics used in prevention and as adjuvant therapy in AAD.
27. Antibiotic associated diarrhea
Disease Antibiotic treatment
Probiotics
Disturbance of
intestinal microbiota
Microbiota Clostridium overgrowth
in balance produces toxin
28. Lactose intolerance
Lactose is not digested when there is a
deficiency in lactase and results in diarrhea.
Supplementation with probiotics has been
shown to mitigate the symptoms of lactose
intolerance by enzyme β- D- galactosidase.
29. Dosage of Probiotics
The dose of probiotics is usually expressed as
the number of colony forming units (CFUs).
Due to the multitude of strains, the FDA has
not approved any specific health claims for
probiotics.
Probiotic effects should be considered dose-
specific
Dose listed on the label are based on studies
that show a beneficial health effect in humans.
30. Prebiotics vs Probiotics
Prebiotics Probiotics
Prebiotics are defined as nonliving
non-digestible special form of fiber
or carbohydrates.
Probiotics are referred to as live
active microorganisms that when
administered in adequate amount will
have beneficial effects to its host.
The powder form of prebiotics
can survive heat, cold, acid.
• more fragile.
• vulnerable to heat.
• may be killed over time.
Prebiotics perform their role by
nourishing the bacteria that live
in the intestines.
Probiotics fight the harmful
bacterial species present in the
gut.
31. Adverse effects
Probiotics side effects, if they occur, tend to be mild
and digestive symptoms. (such as gas or bloating).
May cause infections, especially in immuno-
compromised patients.ie (AIDS patients)
Diabetic patients should be doubly cautious about
taking probiotic drinks available in the market as they
contain high level of sugar.
32. Are probiotics supplements
necessary?
Probiotics supplements are not necessary for normal,
healthy individuals.
In healthy individuals, daily consumption of
probiotics rich foods, particularly fermented dairy
products like yoghurt adequately supplies the amount
of probiotics .
A diet high in starches and fibre provide prebiotics,
which keep a healthy population of probiotics in our
intestines.
33. Synbiotic = Probiotic + Prebiotic
Potential synergy between pro- & prebiotics
Improve survival in upper GIT
More efficient implantation
Eg: Bifidobacteria and fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS)
Synbiotics
34. Probiotic market
Increased from $14.9 billion in 2007 to
an estimated $15.9 billion by the end of
2008. It is expected to reach $36.7
billion by 2018, a compound annual
growth rate (CAGR) of 6.2%.