Probiotics are live microorganisms that provide health benefits when consumed. Common probiotic bacteria include Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Saccharomyces. Probiotics can help treat and prevent diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, H. pylori infection, urogenital infections, and may reduce risk of colon cancer. They produce acids and enzymes that inhibit pathogens and support a healthy gut microbiome. Potential side effects are rare but may include infection risk for critically ill individuals. Probiotics are available in foods like yogurt and supplements manufactured by companies worldwide.

1. PROBIOTIC
p r e s e n t a t I o n
___________________________
By
Bapan Paul

2. Probiotic - Definition
pro >>> Promoting
biotic >>> life
“Probiotics are defined as live microbes which when administered in
adequate amounts confer a beneficial health effect on the host”--- WHO 2002
Various Effects of Probiotics

3. List of probiotic candidate
Microorganisms Genus Species
Bacteria Lactobacillus L.acidophilus, L.brevis, L.reuteri, L.casei,
L.rhamnosum, L.bulgaricus, L.cellobiosus,
L.delbrueckii, L. fermentum.
Bifidobacterium B.thermophilus, B.infantis, B .longum, B.bifidum,
B.animalis.
Streptococcus S.lactis, S.thermophilus, S.cremonis, S.alivarius.
Bacillus B.Coagulans
Pediococcus P.acidilactici
Leuconostoc L.mesenteroides
Enterobacter E.faecium, E.faecalis.

4. Lactabacillus
 more than 50 species of lactobacilli
 Fermented foods, like yogurt, and dietary
supplements also contain these bacteria.
 Helps in preventing yeast infections, UTI,
IBS, travellers diarrhoea, diarrhoea
resulting from Clostridium difficile, treating
lactose intolerance, skin disorders and
prevention of respiratory infections .

5. Bifidobacteria
approx 30 species of
bifidobacteria.
Found in the intestinal tract
within days of birth, especially in
breastfed infants.
Helps in the improvement of
abdominal pain, bloating, bowel
dysfunction, incomplete
evacuation, straining, and the
passage of gas.

6. Saccharomyces
 The only yeast probiotic.
 Effective in treating diarrhoea
associated with the use of
antibiotics and traveller's
diarrhoea. It has also been
reported to prevent the
reoccurrence of Clostridium
difficile, to treat acne, and to
reduce side effects of treatment
for Helicobacter pylori.

7. Streptococcus
Produces large quantities
of the enzyme lactase
It helps in the prevention
of lactose intolerance.

8. Enterococcus
 Normally found in the
intestinal tract of
humans
 Has been used in the
management of
diarrhoeal illnesses.

9. Leuconostoc
 Very often used in production of
fermented foods because of
their ability to produce lactic acid
bacteria and diacetyl.
 Used to inhibit Listeria
monocytogenes in dairy and
meat products.

10. Food containing Probiotics
• Milk
• Soya milk
• Tofu
• Milk products- Sour cream, Butter milk, Yogurt
• Fermented Indian foods like
 Idlis
 Dosas
 Dhoklas
 Vadas
 Kadhi

11. Mechanism of action of Probiotics
Production of low-molecular-weight antibacterial substance that inhibits both
gram-positive and gram-negative enteric bacteria
Also use enzymatic mechanisms to modify toxin receptors and block toxin-
mediated pathology
Also prevent colonization of pathogenic microorganisms by competitive inhibition
for microbial adhesion sites

13. Properties of probiotics
Safe to the
host
No toxic
effect
Produce lactic
acid
Retain viability
during storage
and use
Resistance to
hydrochloric acid,
bile and
pancreatic juice
Anti-carcinogenic
activity
Stimulate the
immune system
Ability to colonize
the
gastrointestinal
tract

14. Beneficial effects of probiotics in human
 Diarrhoea:- Probiotic have preventive and curative effects on diarrhoea.
 Irritable Bowel Syndrome(IBS):- It can be prevented by the Lactobacillus
plantarum 299V.
 Helicobacteriosis:-Probiotic had an in vitro inhibitory effect reduce gastric
inflammation.
 Necrotising Enterocolitis:- Treating with B.infantis and L.acidophilus to new born
result in reduction of NEC.
 Urogenital infection:-It can be prevented by taking L.fermentum and
L.rhamnosus.
 Colon cancer:-Lactic bacteria may act against colon cancer.
 Blood pressure:-Milk fermented by lactic acid bacteria may result in the
reduction of this sickness.
 Cholesterol:- The effect of yogurt with probiotic agents increase the serum
level.

15. Side effects of probiotics
It has been mentioned that use of probiotics in
critically ill person may be harmful.
Consumption of a mixture of six probiotic bacteria
increased the death rate of patients with predicted
severe acute pancreatitis.
Since probiotic are viable organisms, it is very
likely that they may induce infection in the
hosts

16. Indian and Global Probiotic manufacturers
• Tablets India
• Mother Dairy
• Mirobax – Hyderabad
• Unique Biotech – Hyderabad
• Alliance Bioscience Pvt Ltd -
Pondicherry
• Agri Life
SOM Phytopharma (India) Limited –
Hyderabad
• Ruchi Biochemical's – Mumbai
• Sami Labs Ltd.– Bangalore
• Yakult (Danone)
• UAS Laboratories Inc. a leading
Probiotic company, was founded by Dr.
S.K. Dash in 1979.
• Shandong Bolylely Bioengineering Co.,
Ltd China
• Danisco
• Chr. Hansen A of Denmark
• US-based VSL Pharmaceuticals