This document discusses probiotics, including their history, definition, commonly used strains, properties, established health effects, mechanisms of action, advantages, effects in livestock, synergistic use with prebiotics, and the market size. Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when consumed in adequate amounts, confer health benefits. Commonly used probiotic strains include Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Probiotics can help treat conditions like antibiotic-associated diarrhea, cancer, and high cholesterol, and provide benefits to livestock. Prebiotics feed beneficial bacteria to create synbiotic combinations with probiotics. The global probiotics market was estimated at $15.9 billion in 2008 and is projected to reach $
This is the unedited version of the "Probiotics" presentation given at the University of Arizona's College of Medicine. Its intent was to demonstrate that even in the "hard sciences" base emotional biases can interfere with good scientific data and interpretation. To fully appreciate this presentation, you must be eating yogurt prior to beginning to view it, and proceed through the slides one at a time without skipping ahead. This is the actual slide show that was shown at the seminar and is not for the squeamish. I'll post a more benign version for those not wishing to test their boundaries and "good taste."
Probiotics are useful microorganisms to fight against pathogenic bacteria in human gut . Commercially bacteria and fungus are being used as probiotic organisms
This is the unedited version of the "Probiotics" presentation given at the University of Arizona's College of Medicine. Its intent was to demonstrate that even in the "hard sciences" base emotional biases can interfere with good scientific data and interpretation. To fully appreciate this presentation, you must be eating yogurt prior to beginning to view it, and proceed through the slides one at a time without skipping ahead. This is the actual slide show that was shown at the seminar and is not for the squeamish. I'll post a more benign version for those not wishing to test their boundaries and "good taste."
Probiotics are useful microorganisms to fight against pathogenic bacteria in human gut . Commercially bacteria and fungus are being used as probiotic organisms
Our probiotic products mainly include Lactobacillus, Saccharomyces, Bifidobacterium, Lactococcus, Streptococcus, Leuconostoc, Bacillus, etc., covering food science, nutrition, microbiology, bioengineering, fermentation engineering, and other fields. Based on the different requirements of clients, we can also provide customized probiotic products and services. https://probiotic.creative-enzymes.com/
covers Introduction.
History of probiotics.
General characteristics of probiotics.
Why are probiotics important to human health?
Some probiotics strains.
Mechanism of action
Advantages of host and type of advantages.
Classification of probiotics and examples.
Probiotics but not antibiotics, explanation with AAD.
Some probiotic food.
Probiotics and cancer.
Disadvantages of probiotics
Status of probiotics in india
India and global probiotics manufactures.
This is a presentation on probiotic foods, where I have described what probiotic food is, their mechanism of action, adequacy, and some popular forms of probiotic foods present in the market.
mixture of probiotics and prebiotics that beneficially affects the host by improving the survival and activity of beneficial microorganisms in the gut.
Our probiotic products mainly include Lactobacillus, Saccharomyces, Bifidobacterium, Lactococcus, Streptococcus, Leuconostoc, Bacillus, etc., covering food science, nutrition, microbiology, bioengineering, fermentation engineering, and other fields. Based on the different requirements of clients, we can also provide customized probiotic products and services. https://probiotic.creative-enzymes.com/
covers Introduction.
History of probiotics.
General characteristics of probiotics.
Why are probiotics important to human health?
Some probiotics strains.
Mechanism of action
Advantages of host and type of advantages.
Classification of probiotics and examples.
Probiotics but not antibiotics, explanation with AAD.
Some probiotic food.
Probiotics and cancer.
Disadvantages of probiotics
Status of probiotics in india
India and global probiotics manufactures.
This is a presentation on probiotic foods, where I have described what probiotic food is, their mechanism of action, adequacy, and some popular forms of probiotic foods present in the market.
mixture of probiotics and prebiotics that beneficially affects the host by improving the survival and activity of beneficial microorganisms in the gut.
prebiotic and probiotic....., diffrent between prebiotic and probiotic , in food chemistry , and also food processing tecnology, A.D patel institute of tecnology, v.v nagar, gujrat,india,
The digestive system contains heavy population of microbes. In the m.pdfRubanjews
The digestive system contains heavy population of microbes. In the mouth each ml of saliva
contains millions of bacteria. The stomach and intestines contain a few organisms because the
stomach produces hydrochloric acids and in intestines the food is rapidly moved. The large
intestine harbors several microbial populations and each gram feces contains more than 100
billion bacteria. The large intestines mainly contain anaerobic and facultative anaerobic
organisms. These bacteria are mainly involved in the enzymatic break down of food especially
the polysaccharides and synthesize the vitamins.
The health benefits imparted by Probiotic microorganisms are strain specific. No strain will
provide all proposed benefits, not even strains of the same species will be effective against
defined health conditions. As not all the desirable properties are expressed by all Probiotic micro
organisms, numerous strains with lack of pathogenicity are continuously screened and
characterized to select those with potential. Tolerance to the extreme gastrointestinal conditions
(acid, bile, enzymes, low levels of oxygen), ability to adhere to the gastrointestinal mucosa and
competitive exclusion of pathogens have been some criteria for Probiotic selection.
Mucous membranes of the body are in direct contact with the outside environment and
they are colonized by a large number of different bacteria. Through mucous membranes, the
organism is in permanent contact with different antigens. Mucous surfaces are protected by many
defense mechanisms that ensure a permanent and effective protection. They include the
production of secretory IgA, the production of mucus, cytoprotective peptides; defensins etc
Indigenous micro flora markedly affects the structure of the host mucous, its function, and the
development of the whole immune system. Protective micro flora prevents pathogens from
adhering by competi tion for substrates and places of adhesion, and they simultaneously produce
antibacterial substances and stimulate the production of specific antibodies and mucus. The early
colonization of the gut with living micro-organisms is important for the development of the gut
protection barrier. The number of immune and epithelial cells increases.
Probiotics also used in the prevention of H. pylori infection in animal models. The Probiotic
strains used in yoghurt BB-12 and La5 (AB-yoghurt) eradicate the colonization of H. pylori. The
L. salivarius acts against H. pylori infection in mouse. The gut disorders inflammatory bowel
disease – Pouchitis , Crohns disease caused by gut bacteria was prevented using VSL#3 which
contains four Lactobacillus species, three Bifidobacterium species and Streptococcus salivarius
species, that inhibits colonization of pathogenic bacteria in the gut.
Probiotics help in assimilating cholesterol levels. Dairy products containing L.
acidophilus reduces cholesterol deposition in the body. Probiotic bacteria can ferment
indigestible carbohydrates and produce.
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
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APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and IndigestionSwastikAyurveda
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
The Gram stain is a fundamental technique in microbiology used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall structure. It provides a quick and simple method to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which have different susceptibilities to antibiotics
2. Contents
Intestinal Microflora
Formation Gut Microflora (Microbiota)
History Of Probiotics
Probiotics definition
Probiotics : An edge over Antibiotics
Probiotic strains currently used
Key properties of probiotics
Established effects of probiotics
Mechanism for the benefit of Probiotics
3. Advantages of Probiotics
1. Antibiotic associated diarrhea
2. Probiotics and Cancer
3. Hepatic Diseases
4. Helicobacter pylori Infections
5. Treat high cholesterol
6. Use of probiotics beyond GIT (Allergy)
Effects of Probiotics in Livestocks
Prebiotics
Synbiotics
Health benefits of Synbiotics
Market Of Probiotics
4. Intestinal Microflora:
Location & Prevalence
Rare in the esophagus
Uncommon in the stomach
primarily gram (+)
102 - 103
105 in the duodenum & jejunum – primarily aerobes
105 -107Ileum
109 – 1012 in the colon
primarily anerobes
1000x more anerobes than aerobes
5. More than total cells in the human body
At least 17 families
At least 50 genera
400-500 species in any single person
80-90% unculturable
8. History Of Probiotics
In 76 BC the Roman historian Plinius recommended
the administration of fermented milk products for
treating gastroenteritis .
Russian scientist Eli Metchnikoff in early 20th century
suggested that it would be possible to modify the
gut flora and to replace harmful microbes by useful
microbes
The term “Probiotics” was first introduced in 1965 by
Lilly and Stillwell, when it was described as
growth promoting factors produced by
microorganisms.
9. Parker was the first to use the term probiotic in
the sense that it is used today “organisms and
substances which contribute to intestinal
microbial balance”.
In 1989, Fuller attempted to improve Parker’s
definition of probiotic with the following
distinction: “A live microbial feed supplement
which beneficially affects the host animal by
improving its intestinal microbial balance.”
11. Antibiotics
Emergence of antibiotic resistance micro-
organisms.
Unpleasant side effects
Probiotics
Non-invasive
Preventive
Free from undesirable side effects
Probiotics :
An edge over Antibiotics
12. Probiotic strains currently
used
Lactobacillus species
1) L. acidophilus
2) L. plantarum
3) L. casei subspecies rhamnosus
4) L. brevis
5) L. delbreuckii subspecies bulgaricus
Bifidobacterium species
1) B. adolescentis
2) B. bifidum
3) B. longum
4) B. infantis
5) B. breve Contd….
13. a. Streptococcus salivarius
b. Lactococcus lactis
c. Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris
d. Enterococcus faecium
e. Leuconostoc mesenteroides
f. Propionibacterium freudenreichii
g. Pediococcus acidilactici
h. Saccharomyces boulardii
Others
14. Key properties of probiotic
1. Non-pathogenic, non-toxic and non-allergic.
2. Capable of surviving and metabolizing in upper G.I.
tract e.g. Resistant to low pH, organic acids, bile
juice, saliva and gastric acid
3. Human in origin, genetically stable and capable of
remaining viable for long periods in field condition.
4. Able to modulate immune response and provide
resistance to disease through improved immunity or by
the production of antimicrobial substance in the guts.
Contd….
15. 5. Good adhesion/ colonization to human intestinal
tract and influence on gut mucosal permeability.
6. Antagonistic against carcinogenic/ pathogenic
organism.
7. Clinically proven health benefit, e.g. gastrointestinal
disorders, diarrhoea, clostridium difficle
colitis, antibiotics associated diarrhoea, acute
infantile gastroenteritis.
8. Technologic properties for commercial viability such
as stability of desired characteristics during
processing, storage and transportation.
16. Established effects of
probiotics
Aid in lactose digestion
Resistance to enteric pathogens
Anti-colon cancer effect
Anti-hypertensive effect
Small bowel bacterial overgrowth
Immune system modulation
Blood lipids, Heart disease
Urogenital infections
Hepatic encephalopathy
17. Mechanism for the benefit of
Probiotics:
Adherence and colonization of the gut
Suppression of growth or epithelial binding/invasion by
pathogenic bacteria and production of antimicrobial
substances
Improvement of intestinal barrier function
Controlled transfer of dietary antigens (Iron etc.)
Stimulation of mucosal and systemic host immunity
18.
19. • Produce lactic acid- lowers the pH of intestines and
inhibiting bacterial villains such as
Clostridium, Salmonella, Shigella, E. coli, etc.
• Decreases the production of a variety of toxic or
carcinogenic metabolites.
• Aid absorption of minerals, especially calcium, due to
increased intestinal acidity.
• Production of β- D- galactosidase enzymes that break
down lactose .
Contd….
Advantages of Probiotics
20. Produce a wide range of antimicrobial substances
– hydrogen peroxide
– organic acids
– Bacteriocin
– acidophilin
Produce vitamins (especially Vitamin B and vitamin K)
Act as barriers to prevent harmful bacteria from
colonizing the intestines
21. Effects of probiotics on
pathogenic bacteria
Probiotics reduce levels of bacterial endotoxin
concentrations, by inhibiting translocation of bacteria
across the GI lumen into the bloodstream.
Decrease in translocation of bacteria may occur as a
result of the ability of probiotics to tighten the mucosal
barrier.
Probiotics disallow colonization by disease-provoking
bacteria through competition for nutrients, immune
system up-regulation, production of antitoxins, and up-
regulation of intestinal mucin genes. contd…
22. • Probiotics lower colon luminal pH and foster
growth of non-pathogenic commensal bacteria by
SCFA (Short Chain Fatty Acid) production. One
SCFA, acetic acid, has antimicrobial activity
against molds, yeasts, and bacteria.
• Probiotics exert protective effects through
production of hydrogen peroxide and benzoic
acid, which inhibit many pathogenic, acid-sensitive
bacteria .
26. Enzymes (Glycosidase, B- glucuronidase , azoreductase
, and nitroreductase) of the intestinal flora convert the
precarcinogens to active carcinogens
Probiotics reduce
Faecal concentrations of enzymes
Reduce absorption of harmful mutagens that may
contribute to colon carcinogenesis.
Activity of L. acidophilus and L. casei supplementation
in humans helped to decrease levels of these enzymes
Probiotics and Cancer
27. Several mechanisms have been proposed as to how
LACTIC ACID BACTERIA may inhibit colon cancer
1. Enhancing the host’s immune response
2. Altering the metabolic activity of the intestinal
microflora
3. Binding and degrading carcinogens
4. Producing antimutagenic compounds
5. Altering the physiochemical conditions in the colon
28. Hepatic Diseases
Mechanisms by which probiotics may treat Hepatic
Encephalopathy
1. Decreased portal blood ammonia by reduced bacterial
urease activity
2. Decreased pH due to less ammonia absorption
3. Reduce intestinal permeability and improved gut
epithelium
4. Decreased inflammation and oxidative stress due to
reduced ammonia toxins
5. Reduced uptake of other toxins
29. Helicobacter pylori Infections
Chronic gastritis, Peptic ulcers, Gastric adenocarcinoma,
and a number of non-gastrointestinal disorders.
Bifidobacteria and B. subtilis may inhibit the growth or
attachment of H. pylori.
Possible mechanisms by which L. salivarius eradicates H.
pylori include the ability of the former to bind to gastric
epithelial cells, to produce a high quantity of lactic acid,
and to proliferate rapidly.
30. Treat high cholesterol
Helping to treat high cholesterol.
Helping to lower blood pressure due to the
ACE inhibitor-like peptides produced during
fermentation of milk.
31. Lactic acid bacilli
Increases production of
Short chain Fatty Acid
Inhibits cholesterol syn
by liver
Decreases blood chlesterol
Increases bile
.
Bile syn. Increases
More cholesterol is used up
Decreases plasma cholesterol
Helping to treat high
cholesterol
32. Allergy
To modify the structure of antigens
Reduce their immunogenicity
Reduce intestinal permeability
Generation of proinflammatory cytokines that
are elevated in patients with a variety of
allergic disorders
Use of probiotics beyond GIT
33. Effects of Probiotics in
Livestocks
resistance to infectious disease
improvement of digestion
increased growth rate
better absorption of nutrients
provision of essential nutrients
improvement of milk quality
reduction of bad ordor in feces
34. Probiotics: prescribing
– Lactobacillus best studied to date
– Combination products not well
studied, but may work as well
– 10 billion organisms/day
– Keep in fridge
– Give in cool food/drink
– 2% risk bloating/gas
36. • The term prebiotic was introduced by Gibson
and Roberfroid who exchanged “pro” for “pre,”
which means “before”.
A non-digestible food ingredient
Beneficial effects
Prebiotics
39. Prebiotics
Biochemistry
Inulin : long-chain (2-60sugars)
fructooligosaccharides (FOS)
xylooligosaccharides(XOS)
Polydextrose
galactooligosaccharides(GOS)
It is not clear which type of prebiotic is most effective.
41. Synbiotic = Probiotic + Prebiotic
The concept of synbiotics has been proposed to
characterize health-enhancing foods and
supplements used as functional food ingredients in
humans
Potential synergy between pro- & prebiotics
Improve survival in upper GIT
More efficient implantation
Stimulating effect of Probiotics
Synbiotics
42. Health benefits of Synbiotics
• Improved survival of live bacteria in food
products, prolonged shelf life
• Increased number of ingested bacteria reaching the colon in
a viable form
• Stimulation in the colon of the growth and implantation of
both exogenous and endogenous bacteria
• Activation of metabolism of beneficial
bacteria, antagonistic toward pathogenic bacteria
43. • Production of antimicrobial substances
(bacteriocins , hydrogen peroxide, organic
acids etc)
• Immuno-stimulation
• Anti-inflammatory, Anti-mutagenic, Anti-
carcinogenic, and production of bioactive
compounds (enzymes, vaccines, peptides etc)
44. Increased from $14.9 billion in 2007 to an
estimated $15.9 billion by the end of 2008. It
should reach $19.6 billion by 2013, a
compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of
4.3%.
Japan accounted for the largest share of total
sales in 2007 with 39.5%, driven primarily
by the country’s large and well-developed
probiotic foods segment.
Market Of Probiotics
45.
46. Summary
Intestinal Microflora , Formation
History
Probiotics definition and strains currently used
Key properties of probiotics
Established effects of probiotics & Mechanism
Advantages of Probiotics
Effects of Probiotics in Livestocks
Prebiotics, Synbiotics , Health benefits of Synbiotics
Market Of Probiotics
Not all products are just dairy…..there are other probiotic products too….Shown here is a Probiotic Cereal, Trail mix containing probiotics, and a
Inulins are a group of naturally occurring polysaccharides (several simple sugars linked together) produced by many types of plants.[1] Inulin is used by some plants as a means of storing energy and is typically found in rootsNutritionally, it is considered a form of soluble fiber and is sometimes seen as a prebiotic
Examples of products with increased prebiotic..These products have inulin added to them….also the cereal has whole wheat and whole grains for added dietary fiberInulin is a drivitive of the Chicory Root