PPT on Commerical building
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The document presents the construction process of a commercial multistory building. It discusses the key steps which are excavation, foundation, columns, column footing, beams, slabs. For each step, it provides details on the types used such as shallow foundations including strip, isolated, combined and raft. It also outlines the salient features of the building including concrete grade, steel grade, bar sizes used in columns, beams and slabs.
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This document discusses box culverts and their components and construction. It begins by defining a culvert as a cross-drainage structure less than 6 meters long. It then describes box culverts, noting they consist of rectangular or square openings constructed monolithically with abutments and piers. Box culverts are typically constructed where soil is soft to distribute load over a wider area. They are made of concrete and can redirect water flow. The document outlines the wet cast and dry cast construction methods and lists the typical components of a box culvert. It also discusses the loads box culverts are subject to and their applications, advantages, and thank you.
Well Foundation
Well foundations are a type of deep foundation used when heavy loading is required. There are three main types - box caissons, open caissons (wells), and pneumatic caissons. Well foundations have been used in India for hundreds of years in structures like bridges and buildings. Open caisson foundations, also called wells, are boxes open at the top and bottom that are sunk into position. The document then describes the components and design considerations of well foundations, including shapes, loads, sinking procedures, and construction details.
4. Types-of Foundations.pdf
This document discusses different types of foundations for structures. It describes shallow foundations like spread footings, combined footings, cantilever footings, continuous footings, and raft foundations. It also describes deep foundations like piles, piers, and caissons. The key factors in selecting a foundation type are the structure's loads, subsurface soil conditions, and cost. Foundation design considers load distribution, settlement, and preventing differential movement.
Design highrise
The document discusses high rise buildings and their structures. It defines high rise buildings as between 35-100 meters tall or 12-39 floors. Buildings over 100m are called skyscrapers and over 600m are mega-tall. High rises are constructed to address land scarcity in urban areas and increasing demand for space. Their structures have evolved from early stone and iron frames to steel skeleton frames to reinforced concrete shear walls and core structures. Foundations must transfer enormous loads into the ground through methods like raft or pile foundations. Interior structures use rigid frames, shear walls, and exterior structures employ tube systems to resist lateral wind and seismic loads.
Pile foundations
Pile foundation are essential in case where SBC is low or the load coming from superstructure is too heavy,
Topics covered includes Materials used for making piles, Type of piles, load transfer mechanism, factors affecting selection of piles, Installation methods, load carrying capacity of piles, different load tests performed and the behavior of piles as a group.
Ece part 2
This document discusses building bylaws and design loads for structures. It explains that building bylaws are regulations established by local authorities to prevent uncontrolled development and ensure safety. The objectives of bylaws are outlined, including disciplined growth, safety from hazards, efficient use of space, and occupant comfort. Specific bylaws like building frontage, open spaces, height limits are described. Design loads including dead, live, wind, snow, and earthquake loads are defined. Foundation types and superstructure components like columns, beams, floors, walls and roofs are also summarized.
Unit 3
The document summarizes key building components and structures used in civil engineering. It discusses different types of foundations including shallow and deep foundations. It also describes different building materials like brick masonry, stone masonry, beams, columns, and their classifications. Requirements of good foundations and concepts of bearing capacity and settlement of foundations are explained.
1619929813526_College Deep Well Foundation Project.pptx
Well foundations, also known as caisson foundations, are a type of deep foundation used below water levels for bridges. They have been used since Roman and Mughal periods. The Pasighat Bridge in Andhra Pradesh uses cylindrical open caisson foundations with diameters of 11.7m internally and 6.64m externally. Construction was challenging due to large boulders and heavy rainfall but caissons provide stable foundations even in difficult soil conditions.
Presentation tos
Deep foundations such as piles, piers, and caissons are required when surface soil cannot support a structure or when a firm soil layer is too deep to be reached economically by shallow foundations. Piles are slender structural members made of steel, concrete, or wood that are driven or cast in place into the ground. Piles transfer structural loads through skin friction or end bearing. Common pile installation methods include dropping weight hammers, diesel hammers, vibratory hammers, and jacking. Piers are larger diameter cast in place foundations used in dry areas. Caissons are hollow watertight structures sunk into place under bodies of water to form foundations.
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- 2. Presentation on seminar topic at Construction process of commercial building SUBMITTED TO:- PRIYANKA PANDAY A.K. MATHUR PERSENTED BY :- LOKESH KUMAR ME Final year (Civil)
- 3. •CONSTRUCTION PROCESS OF COMMERCIAL MULTISTORY BUILDING: EXCAVATION FOUNDATION COLUMN COLUMN FOOTING BEAM SLAB SALIENT FEATURES
- 4. EXCAVATION Excavation is the process by which a part of land is cleared for the construction process after the surveying work has been done. It can be done on the ground level or below the ground level or below the ground level surface by means of machines like excavators, bulldozers and sometimes blasting process is also carried out wherever hard rock is formed.
- 5. Excavation
- 6. Particular hazards identified in relation to excavation work include: •The depth of excavation •The presence of water •Exposure to wet weather •Vibration which may increase the potential to collapse •The presence of existing underground services •Chemical gases
- 7. PLAIN CEMENT CONCRETE Plain Cement Concrete is a mixture of sand, coarse aggregate, and cement. It is used below the footings of any constructional structure, to make the structure stronger and to resist designed load. The main function of PCC is not to allow ground water to enter the footings.
- 9. FOUNDATION :It is that part of a structure which transmits the weight of the structure to the ground. The foundation should be designed such that : the soil below does not fail in shear. The settlement is within the safe limit. Foundation may be broadly classified into two categories: 1.Shallow foundations 2.Pile foundations
- 10. SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS: a shallow foundation transmits the loads to the strata at a shallow depth. If it is laid at a depth equal to or less than its width . Than we consider shallow foundation.
- 11. Types of shallow foundation: •strip foundation •Isolated foundation •Combined foundation •Strap or cantilever foundation •Raft foundation
- 12. PILE FOUNDATION: The ground surface is not capable of supporting a structure , deep foundation are required to transfer the loads to strata.
- 13. COLUMN A column is an element used primarily to support axial compressive loads and with a height of at least three times its least lateral Dimension. the strength of a column depends on the strength of the materials, shape and size of the cross section, length and the degree of positional and directional restrains and its ends.
- 14. TYPES OF COLUMN SQUARE COLUMN CIRCULAR COLUMN RECTANGULAR COLUMN
- 15. SQUARE COLUMN
- 16. CIRCULAR COLUMN
- 18. COLUMN FOOTING The structural unit constructed in masonry or concrete under the base of a wall or a column which distributes the structure load over a large area of ground.
- 20. BEAMS Beams are horizontal structural element that is capable of withstanding load primarily by resisting bending.
- 21. TYPES OF BEAMS SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM CANTILEVER BEAM T BEAM
- 23. CANTILEVER BEAM
- 24. T BEAM
- 25. SLAB Slabs are the structural elements used to cover the open space. They usually carry a uniformly distributed load and form the floor or roof of the building.
- 27. TYPES OF SLABS ONE WAY SLAB TWO WAY SLAB
- 28. Long span/short span >2 One way slab
- 29. Two –way slabs Long span/short span < 2
- 30. SALIENT FEATURES CONCRETE GRADE: M20 STEEL GRADE:FE-500 IS BARS ARE USED IN COLUMN: CIRCULAR COLUMN: 32MM RACTANGULAR COLUMN:25MM BARS USED IN BEAM:32MM BARS USED IN SLAB:16MM MORTAR RATIO:1:1½:3 SPACING OF BAR IN SLAB:10MM,8MM