ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+3 STOREY BUILDINGUSING STAAD PRO vi8 SoftwareAbhinav Verma
This document provides an overview of a summer internship project involving the analysis and design of a G+3 storey building using STAAD Pro v8i software. The project was conducted under the guidance of Dr. Pabitra Ranjan Maiti at IIT BHU over 6 weeks in June-July 2017. The project involved modeling the building in STAAD Pro, analyzing its structural components, and designing beams, columns, slabs, and footings according to the Indian code IS 456. The document outlines the process of structural analysis and design in STAAD Pro and summarizes the design considerations for typical structural elements.
This document provides an overview of the design of steel beams. It discusses various beam types and sections, loads on beams, design considerations for restrained and unrestrained beams. For restrained beams, it covers lateral restraint requirements, section classification, shear capacity, moment capacity under low and high shear, web bearing, buckling, and deflection checks. For unrestrained beams, it discusses lateral torsional buckling, moment and buckling resistance checks. Design procedures and equations for determining effective properties and capacities are also presented.
The document discusses properties and testing of concrete. It provides information on the constituents of concrete including cement, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, and water. It also discusses properties of concrete and reinforcements, including their relatively high compressive strength and lower tensile strength. Various tests performed on concrete are mentioned, including tests on workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, and fresh/hardened concrete. Design philosophies for reinforced concrete include the working stress method, ultimate strength method, and limit state method.
The document discusses ductility and ductile detailing in reinforced concrete structures. It states that structures should be designed to have lateral strength, deformability, and ductility to resist earthquakes with limited damage and no collapse. Ductility allows structures to develop their full strength through internal force redistribution. Detailing of reinforcement is important to avoid brittle failure and induce ductile behavior by allowing steel to yield in a controlled manner. Shear walls are also discussed as vertical reinforced concrete elements that help structures resist earthquake loads in a ductile manner.
Building Construction subject is basic subject for understand construction techniques,methods and it is also foundation subject for learn Building Planning & drawing + advance construction technology
This document discusses different methods of prestressing concrete, including pretensioning and post-tensioning. Pretensioning involves stressing steel tendons before placing concrete around them, while post-tensioning involves stressing tendons after the concrete has cured using hydraulic jacks. Post-tensioning allows for longer spans, thinner slabs, and more architectural freedom compared to conventional reinforced concrete or pretensioned concrete. Common applications of post-tensioning include parking structures, bridges, and building floors and roofs.
information on types of beams, different methods to calculate beam stress, design for shear, analysis for SRB flexure, design for flexure, Design procedure for doubly reinforced beam,
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+3 STOREY BUILDINGUSING STAAD PRO vi8 SoftwareAbhinav Verma
This document provides an overview of a summer internship project involving the analysis and design of a G+3 storey building using STAAD Pro v8i software. The project was conducted under the guidance of Dr. Pabitra Ranjan Maiti at IIT BHU over 6 weeks in June-July 2017. The project involved modeling the building in STAAD Pro, analyzing its structural components, and designing beams, columns, slabs, and footings according to the Indian code IS 456. The document outlines the process of structural analysis and design in STAAD Pro and summarizes the design considerations for typical structural elements.
This document provides an overview of the design of steel beams. It discusses various beam types and sections, loads on beams, design considerations for restrained and unrestrained beams. For restrained beams, it covers lateral restraint requirements, section classification, shear capacity, moment capacity under low and high shear, web bearing, buckling, and deflection checks. For unrestrained beams, it discusses lateral torsional buckling, moment and buckling resistance checks. Design procedures and equations for determining effective properties and capacities are also presented.
The document discusses properties and testing of concrete. It provides information on the constituents of concrete including cement, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, and water. It also discusses properties of concrete and reinforcements, including their relatively high compressive strength and lower tensile strength. Various tests performed on concrete are mentioned, including tests on workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, and fresh/hardened concrete. Design philosophies for reinforced concrete include the working stress method, ultimate strength method, and limit state method.
The document discusses ductility and ductile detailing in reinforced concrete structures. It states that structures should be designed to have lateral strength, deformability, and ductility to resist earthquakes with limited damage and no collapse. Ductility allows structures to develop their full strength through internal force redistribution. Detailing of reinforcement is important to avoid brittle failure and induce ductile behavior by allowing steel to yield in a controlled manner. Shear walls are also discussed as vertical reinforced concrete elements that help structures resist earthquake loads in a ductile manner.
Building Construction subject is basic subject for understand construction techniques,methods and it is also foundation subject for learn Building Planning & drawing + advance construction technology
This document discusses different methods of prestressing concrete, including pretensioning and post-tensioning. Pretensioning involves stressing steel tendons before placing concrete around them, while post-tensioning involves stressing tendons after the concrete has cured using hydraulic jacks. Post-tensioning allows for longer spans, thinner slabs, and more architectural freedom compared to conventional reinforced concrete or pretensioned concrete. Common applications of post-tensioning include parking structures, bridges, and building floors and roofs.
information on types of beams, different methods to calculate beam stress, design for shear, analysis for SRB flexure, design for flexure, Design procedure for doubly reinforced beam,
The document discusses building construction and materials. It covers why buildings are needed, the constraints and code regulations for construction, the typical construction process from planning to evaluation, how loads are imposed on buildings and transferred through structural elements like beams, columns, walls and connections, basic building components, and common construction materials including wood, steel, concrete, masonry and cement. Forces from loads must be delivered to the foundation for structural integrity.
Pre-stressed concrete uses tensioned steel strands or bars to place concrete in compression and improve its tensile strength. There are two main methods - pre-tensioning and post-tensioning. Pre-tensioning tensions the strands before the concrete is poured, while post-tensioning tensions strands inside ducts after the concrete has cured. This compression counteracts tensile and flexural stresses from loads to reduce cracking and increase strength, allowing pre-stressed concrete to be lighter and more durable than reinforced concrete. It is commonly used in bridges, buildings, tanks, and other structures.
This document discusses different types of foundations, including shallow and deep foundations. Shallow foundations include spread footings, combined footings, strap footings, and raft/mat foundations. Deep foundations include pile foundations, pier foundations, and caisson/well foundations. It also discusses considerations for foundations on expansive black cotton soil, recommending methods like strip foundations, pier foundations, and under-reamed pile foundations.
The document discusses slip form construction, a method where concrete is poured into a continuously moving form. There are two main types - vertical forms that move upwards, and horizontal forms that move horizontally. Slip forming allows for continuous, jointless concrete structures and reduces construction time compared to traditional formwork. It requires careful planning of the construction process to achieve high productivity while ensuring safety.
This document discusses the slope-deflection method for analyzing beams and frames. It provides the theory and equations of the slope-deflection method. Examples are included to demonstrate how to use the method to determine support reactions, member end moments, and draw bending moment and shear force diagrams.
This presentation summarizes the key aspects of one-way slab design. It defines one-way slabs as having an aspect ratio of 2:1 or greater, with bending primarily along the long axis. The presentation discusses the types of one-way slabs including solid, hollow, and ribbed. It also outlines the design considerations for one-way slabs according to the ACI code, including minimum thickness, reinforcement ratios, and bar spacing. An example problem demonstrates how to design a one-way slab for a given set of loading and dimensional conditions.
This document provides information about pile foundations. Pile foundations are used when the soil cannot support building loads and piles are driven deep into the ground until they reach a bearing stratum. Piles can be made of timber, concrete, or steel. They transfer loads from the building to the stronger subsurface layer. The document discusses different types of piles including end bearing and friction piles and explains how pile caps are reinforced to resist tensile and shear forces from heavy loads. Diagrams show how pile foundations are arranged and how piles transmit loads into the ground.
Shear walls are vertical structural elements designed to resist lateral forces like winds and earthquakes. They work by transferring shear forces throughout their height and resisting uplift forces. Properly designed and constructed shear wall buildings are very stable and ductile, providing warnings before collapse during severe earthquakes. Common types of shear walls include reinforced concrete, plywood, and steel plate shear walls. Shear walls are an effective and efficient way to resist lateral loads in seismic regions.
It is used as a mould for a structure in which fresh concrete is poured only to harden subsequently.
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The document discusses different methods of designing concrete structures, focusing on the limit state method. It describes the limit state method's goal of achieving an acceptable probability that a structure will not become unsuitable for its intended use during its lifetime. The document then discusses stress-strain curves for concrete and steel. It covers stress block parameters and equations for calculating the depth of the neutral axis and moment of resistance for singly reinforced concrete beams. The document concludes by providing examples of analyzing an existing beam section and designing a new beam section.
This document discusses the design of beams. It defines different types of beams like floor beams, girders, lintels, purlins, and rafters. It describes how beams are classified based on their support conditions as simply supported, cantilever, fixed, or continuous beams. Commonly used beam sections include universal beams, compound beams, and composite beams. The document also covers plastic analysis of beams, classification of beam sections, and failure modes of beams.
The document discusses composite construction using precast prestressed concrete beams and cast-in-situ concrete. It describes how the two elements act compositely after the in-situ concrete hardens. Composite beams can be constructed as either propped or unpropped. Propped construction involves supporting the precast beam during casting to relieve it of the wet concrete weight, while unpropped construction allows stresses to develop under self-weight. Design and analysis of composite beams involves calculating stresses and deflections considering composite action. Differential shrinkage between precast and in-situ concrete also induces stresses.
Pre-stressed concrete uses tensioned steel strands or bars to place concrete in compression before application of service loads. This counters the tensile stresses induced by loads and prevents cracking. There are two main methods: pre-tensioning applies tension before pouring concrete, while post-tensioning tensions strands after concrete curing. Pre-stressed concrete allows for smaller and lighter structures that resist loads, deflection, and cracking better than reinforced concrete.
This document provides details of the structural analysis and design of a commercial and residential building using STAAD.Pro, AutoCAD, and STAAD.Foundation software. The building is located in Trivandrum, Kerala and consists of a basement, ground plus three floors. The document describes the site details, building plans, load calculations, modeling in STAAD.Pro, design of structural elements like beams, columns, foundation, and reinforcement details. Pile foundation is adopted based on the bore log details. The analysis helps gain knowledge of designing various components using structural analysis and design software.
This document discusses the working stress method for designing reinforced concrete structures. It defines key terms like neutral axis, lever arm, and moment of resistance. It describes the assumptions and steps of the working stress method, including designing for under-reinforced, balanced, and over-reinforced beam sections. The document also discusses limitations of the working stress method and introduces the limit state method as a more modern approach.
Prestressing Concept, Materilas and Prestressing SystemLatif Hyder Wadho
The document discusses prestressing concepts and materials used in prestressed concrete. It describes how prestressing applies an initial compressive stress to concrete prior to service loads to improve strength and durability. Common prestressing materials include high-strength steel strands/wires, which are assembled into tendons and anchored internally or externally before or after concrete casting for pre-tensioning or post-tensioning. Grout is also discussed for transmitting stress between steel and concrete.
Formwork is a temporary mold used to contain and shape wet concrete until it is cured, and gain sufficient strength to support its own weight. It is commonly made from timber or steel. Formwork must balance requirements like containment, strength, resistance to leakage, accuracy, ease of handling, finish, access for concrete, and economy. It is designed according to factors like the loads it will support, type of structure being built, and materials used. Formwork goes through stages of assembly, concrete placement, and stripping. Proper design, construction, and maintenance of formwork is important to produce high quality, safe concrete structures economically.
This document contains details about an upcoming webinar on the application of STAAD.Pro for structural analysis and design for L&T engineers. It includes a header with contact information and 10 multiple choice questions about features and capabilities in STAAD.Pro.
This document provides an introduction to reinforced concrete, including its key components and purposes. Reinforced concrete is a composite material made of concrete, which resists compression well but has low tensile strength, and steel reinforcing bars, which resist tension well. Together they create an economical and strong structural material. The document outlines structural elements, design considerations for safety, reliability, and economy, and limit state design principles which ensure structures do not fail under expected loads. It also discusses factors that affect concrete durability and different failure modes in reinforced concrete depending on steel reinforcement ratios.
Lecture - 01: Introduction to Reinforced Concrete DesignHezb
The document outlines the course content and structure for a Reinforced Concrete Design-II class taught by Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali, including topics that will be covered in the midterm and final terms such as one-way slab design, two-way slab design, earthquake design, and retaining walls. The grading policy and availability of course materials online are also mentioned. The document serves as an introduction and overview for students taking the Reinforced Concrete Design-II course.
The document discusses building construction and materials. It covers why buildings are needed, the constraints and code regulations for construction, the typical construction process from planning to evaluation, how loads are imposed on buildings and transferred through structural elements like beams, columns, walls and connections, basic building components, and common construction materials including wood, steel, concrete, masonry and cement. Forces from loads must be delivered to the foundation for structural integrity.
Pre-stressed concrete uses tensioned steel strands or bars to place concrete in compression and improve its tensile strength. There are two main methods - pre-tensioning and post-tensioning. Pre-tensioning tensions the strands before the concrete is poured, while post-tensioning tensions strands inside ducts after the concrete has cured. This compression counteracts tensile and flexural stresses from loads to reduce cracking and increase strength, allowing pre-stressed concrete to be lighter and more durable than reinforced concrete. It is commonly used in bridges, buildings, tanks, and other structures.
This document discusses different types of foundations, including shallow and deep foundations. Shallow foundations include spread footings, combined footings, strap footings, and raft/mat foundations. Deep foundations include pile foundations, pier foundations, and caisson/well foundations. It also discusses considerations for foundations on expansive black cotton soil, recommending methods like strip foundations, pier foundations, and under-reamed pile foundations.
The document discusses slip form construction, a method where concrete is poured into a continuously moving form. There are two main types - vertical forms that move upwards, and horizontal forms that move horizontally. Slip forming allows for continuous, jointless concrete structures and reduces construction time compared to traditional formwork. It requires careful planning of the construction process to achieve high productivity while ensuring safety.
This document discusses the slope-deflection method for analyzing beams and frames. It provides the theory and equations of the slope-deflection method. Examples are included to demonstrate how to use the method to determine support reactions, member end moments, and draw bending moment and shear force diagrams.
This presentation summarizes the key aspects of one-way slab design. It defines one-way slabs as having an aspect ratio of 2:1 or greater, with bending primarily along the long axis. The presentation discusses the types of one-way slabs including solid, hollow, and ribbed. It also outlines the design considerations for one-way slabs according to the ACI code, including minimum thickness, reinforcement ratios, and bar spacing. An example problem demonstrates how to design a one-way slab for a given set of loading and dimensional conditions.
This document provides information about pile foundations. Pile foundations are used when the soil cannot support building loads and piles are driven deep into the ground until they reach a bearing stratum. Piles can be made of timber, concrete, or steel. They transfer loads from the building to the stronger subsurface layer. The document discusses different types of piles including end bearing and friction piles and explains how pile caps are reinforced to resist tensile and shear forces from heavy loads. Diagrams show how pile foundations are arranged and how piles transmit loads into the ground.
Shear walls are vertical structural elements designed to resist lateral forces like winds and earthquakes. They work by transferring shear forces throughout their height and resisting uplift forces. Properly designed and constructed shear wall buildings are very stable and ductile, providing warnings before collapse during severe earthquakes. Common types of shear walls include reinforced concrete, plywood, and steel plate shear walls. Shear walls are an effective and efficient way to resist lateral loads in seismic regions.
It is used as a mould for a structure in which fresh concrete is poured only to harden subsequently.
formwork for concrete slab
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examples of advantages and disadvantages
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The document discusses different methods of designing concrete structures, focusing on the limit state method. It describes the limit state method's goal of achieving an acceptable probability that a structure will not become unsuitable for its intended use during its lifetime. The document then discusses stress-strain curves for concrete and steel. It covers stress block parameters and equations for calculating the depth of the neutral axis and moment of resistance for singly reinforced concrete beams. The document concludes by providing examples of analyzing an existing beam section and designing a new beam section.
This document discusses the design of beams. It defines different types of beams like floor beams, girders, lintels, purlins, and rafters. It describes how beams are classified based on their support conditions as simply supported, cantilever, fixed, or continuous beams. Commonly used beam sections include universal beams, compound beams, and composite beams. The document also covers plastic analysis of beams, classification of beam sections, and failure modes of beams.
The document discusses composite construction using precast prestressed concrete beams and cast-in-situ concrete. It describes how the two elements act compositely after the in-situ concrete hardens. Composite beams can be constructed as either propped or unpropped. Propped construction involves supporting the precast beam during casting to relieve it of the wet concrete weight, while unpropped construction allows stresses to develop under self-weight. Design and analysis of composite beams involves calculating stresses and deflections considering composite action. Differential shrinkage between precast and in-situ concrete also induces stresses.
Pre-stressed concrete uses tensioned steel strands or bars to place concrete in compression before application of service loads. This counters the tensile stresses induced by loads and prevents cracking. There are two main methods: pre-tensioning applies tension before pouring concrete, while post-tensioning tensions strands after concrete curing. Pre-stressed concrete allows for smaller and lighter structures that resist loads, deflection, and cracking better than reinforced concrete.
This document provides details of the structural analysis and design of a commercial and residential building using STAAD.Pro, AutoCAD, and STAAD.Foundation software. The building is located in Trivandrum, Kerala and consists of a basement, ground plus three floors. The document describes the site details, building plans, load calculations, modeling in STAAD.Pro, design of structural elements like beams, columns, foundation, and reinforcement details. Pile foundation is adopted based on the bore log details. The analysis helps gain knowledge of designing various components using structural analysis and design software.
This document discusses the working stress method for designing reinforced concrete structures. It defines key terms like neutral axis, lever arm, and moment of resistance. It describes the assumptions and steps of the working stress method, including designing for under-reinforced, balanced, and over-reinforced beam sections. The document also discusses limitations of the working stress method and introduces the limit state method as a more modern approach.
Prestressing Concept, Materilas and Prestressing SystemLatif Hyder Wadho
The document discusses prestressing concepts and materials used in prestressed concrete. It describes how prestressing applies an initial compressive stress to concrete prior to service loads to improve strength and durability. Common prestressing materials include high-strength steel strands/wires, which are assembled into tendons and anchored internally or externally before or after concrete casting for pre-tensioning or post-tensioning. Grout is also discussed for transmitting stress between steel and concrete.
Formwork is a temporary mold used to contain and shape wet concrete until it is cured, and gain sufficient strength to support its own weight. It is commonly made from timber or steel. Formwork must balance requirements like containment, strength, resistance to leakage, accuracy, ease of handling, finish, access for concrete, and economy. It is designed according to factors like the loads it will support, type of structure being built, and materials used. Formwork goes through stages of assembly, concrete placement, and stripping. Proper design, construction, and maintenance of formwork is important to produce high quality, safe concrete structures economically.
This document contains details about an upcoming webinar on the application of STAAD.Pro for structural analysis and design for L&T engineers. It includes a header with contact information and 10 multiple choice questions about features and capabilities in STAAD.Pro.
This document provides an introduction to reinforced concrete, including its key components and purposes. Reinforced concrete is a composite material made of concrete, which resists compression well but has low tensile strength, and steel reinforcing bars, which resist tension well. Together they create an economical and strong structural material. The document outlines structural elements, design considerations for safety, reliability, and economy, and limit state design principles which ensure structures do not fail under expected loads. It also discusses factors that affect concrete durability and different failure modes in reinforced concrete depending on steel reinforcement ratios.
Lecture - 01: Introduction to Reinforced Concrete DesignHezb
The document outlines the course content and structure for a Reinforced Concrete Design-II class taught by Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali, including topics that will be covered in the midterm and final terms such as one-way slab design, two-way slab design, earthquake design, and retaining walls. The grading policy and availability of course materials online are also mentioned. The document serves as an introduction and overview for students taking the Reinforced Concrete Design-II course.
1. The document introduces reinforced concrete structures and provides an overview of their design process. It discusses common building elements like beams, slabs, columns, and foundations.
2. The design process involves analyzing loads, selecting an efficient structural form, evaluating safety, and planning construction. Designs must consider strength, serviceability, and safety factors.
3. Reinforced concrete is designed using limit state theory according to code BS 8110. Designs consider ultimate and serviceability limit states, and evaluate different load combinations and factors of safety.
W.h.mosley, j.h.bungey. reinforced concrete design bookReyam AL Mousawi
This document summarizes a textbook on reinforced concrete design. It describes the textbook as setting out the principles of limit state design and its application to reinforced and prestressed concrete members and structures. The fourth edition incorporates information on a recently introduced British standard code for water-retaining structures. The authors have also made some minor revisions to other parts of the book.
Reinforced cement concrete (RCC) uses steel reinforcement within concrete to improve its tensile strength. Concrete is strong under compression but weak under tension. Steel reinforcement provides high tensile strength due to its high tensile capacity and good bond with concrete. Steel also has a higher elastic modulus, allowing it to resist forces better than concrete alone under the same extension. Cement is a binder that hardens when mixed with water, and can be classified as hydraulic or non-hydraulic. Hydraulic cement can set even when wet or underwater due to additions like fly ash that allow curing in wet conditions. Portland cement is the most common type and consists mainly of tricalcium silicate, dicalcium sil
The superstructure of a building consists of elements above the foundation like beams, columns, lintels, roofing and flooring. Beams are horizontal members that carry loads and transfer them to columns or walls. Reinforced concrete beams are designed to resist both bending moments and shear forces from loads. There are different types of beams like simply supported, fixed, cantilever, continuous and overhanging beams which are designed based on how they are supported. Columns are vertical load bearing members that transfer loads from beams and slabs to the foundation. Common column types include long, short and intermediate columns. Lintels are short horizontal members that span small openings like doors and windows and transfer loads to masonry, steel or reinforced concrete
Plant-cast precast concrete elements are constructed in a controlled factory environment using reusable steel forms. This allows for higher quality and efficiency than site-cast concrete. Elements like beams, slabs, columns and walls are reinforced with steel and cured quickly so they can be transported and assembled on-site like structural steel framing. Joints are connected using embedded plates and angles then grouted to form integrated, durable structures.
The document is a student's optional work analyzing the book "Winners, Losers & Microsoft" for a university course on innovation and knowledge management, summarizing several chapters that discuss topics like network effects, path dependency, competing standards, and using examples like the QWERTY keyboard and Beta vs. VHS format war to illustrate challenges in technology adoption and standardization.
This document discusses prefabricated modular structures. Some key points:
1. Prefabricated structures have standardized components that are produced off-site in a controlled environment and then transported for assembly. This allows for faster, more efficient construction.
2. Precast concrete offers advantages like higher quality, less weather dependency, and unlimited design possibilities compared to site-cast construction.
3. There are different precast systems like large panel, frame, and lift-slab. Precast components include walls, floors, beams, and more.
Introduction to Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SFRC)Zubayer Ibna Zahid
Steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) contains short, closely spaced steel fibers added to concrete to improve its tensile strength. The fibers are typically 0.2-2 inches long and have a variety of possible cross-sectional shapes, such as flat, deformed, hooked, or crimped. SFRC mixes typically contain 0.2-1.0% fiber volume fraction, with higher percentages for larger aggregate sizes. The steel fibers improve the ductility and toughness of the concrete to reduce cracking and increase its post-cracking residual strength capacity.
This document outlines the topics covered in a graduation project on the behavior and design of masonry structures. It discusses the historical background of masonry construction, properties of masonry materials, common building units used, reinforcement, and loads. Design considerations are presented for masonry beams, shear walls, flexural behavior under various loads, and partially reinforced walls. The project provides information needed to research and design reinforced masonry structures.
Reinforced concrete is a composite material consisting of concrete and steel reinforcement. François Coignet built the first iron reinforced concrete structure in 1853. Reinforced concrete uses the strengths of both materials - concrete is strong in compression and steel is strong in tension. It is used widely in construction for buildings, bridges, tunnels and other structures due to its high strength and durability.
Reinforced concrete slabs are used in floors, roofs, and walls. They can span in one or two directions and be supported by beams, walls, or columns. This document discusses the design of reinforced concrete slabs, including types of slabs, load analysis, shear design, reinforcement details, and provides examples of designing solid slabs spanning in one direction. The goal is to teach students to properly design and analyze reinforced concrete slabs according to code.
This document discusses reinforced concrete and its properties. It explains that concrete is weaker in tension than compression, while steel has high tensile strength and bonds well with concrete. When combined, they form reinforced concrete which is strong and durable. The steel carries tensile forces while the concrete resists compression. Proper placement of reinforcement during construction is important for bond. Methods of bending, tying, and installing rebar are also outlined.
Concrete is a composite material made by binding aggregates with a cement paste. It comes in various types depending on the binding material (cement or lime) and purpose (plain, reinforced, pre-stressed). Good concrete has strength, durability, density, water tightness, workability and resistance to wear and tear. Proper mixing, placing, compaction and curing are required to develop these qualities in concrete.
The document discusses building maintenance, common defects, and remedial methods for RCC structures. It describes three main common defects: foundations, walls, and concrete/RCC frames. For foundations, common issues include differential settlement, uplift of shrinkage soil, and dampness. For walls, issues include cracking, dampness penetration, and failure during cyclones. For concrete frames, common problems discussed are seepage/leakage, spalling of concrete, and corrosion of steel reinforcement. The document provides detailed remedial methods for addressing each of these defects.
Horizontal and vertical elements of a building work together to resist horizontal earthquake forces. The horizontal diaphragm elements (roofs and floors) distribute seismic forces to the vertical shear wall elements. Shear walls are the main components that resist earthquake forces and transfer them to the foundation. Masonry shear walls can fail in sliding, shear, or flexural modes depending on their aspect ratio and the magnitude of seismic forces.
1) The document discusses calculating loads on a tractor shed structure from dead loads and wind loads. It provides steps to calculate the load on the trusses, columns, and foundations.
2) To calculate wind load, it explains determining the zone wind speed, applying a safety factor, calculating wind pressure, and determining wind force based on pressure and surface area.
3) The document encourages practicing these calculations on your own structure designs to understand load calculations.
Simplified design of reinforced concrete buildings Sarmed Shukur
This document provides an overview of a publication titled "Simplified Design of Reinforced Concrete Buildings" which outlines simplified design methods for reinforced concrete structures. The publication aims to reduce design time by providing timesaving procedures and aids for experienced designers. It focuses on conventional reinforced concrete buildings between 3-5 stories tall with typical framing systems. The document discusses loading calculations, frame analysis techniques using coefficients or analytical methods, and preliminary sizing of structural elements like floors, columns, shear walls and footings.
Reinforced cement concrete (RCC) is a composite material made of cement concrete reinforced with steel bars. Some key points:
- François Coignet built the first reinforced concrete structure, a four story house in Paris in 1853.
- RCC is used in the construction of columns, beams, footings, slabs, dams, water tanks, tunnels, bridges, walls and towers due to its high strength and durability.
- The steel reinforcement provides tensile strength, while the concrete primarily resists compressive forces and protects the steel from corrosion. Together they form a very strong, stable structural material.
1 CE133P Introduction to Reinforced Concrete Design (Robles) 2.pdfjoerennelapore
This document provides an introduction to reinforced concrete design. It defines reinforced concrete as a composite material of concrete and steel reinforcement. Concrete provides compressive strength while steel provides the tensile strength lacking in concrete. The document discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using reinforced concrete, properties of concrete and steel, stress-strain relationships, design codes, and concepts like shrinkage and creep.
This presentation is about RCC. one can find most of the information about RCC with architecture in mind. Structure Design - 2 Semester 2 B. Arch Notes
This document provides an introduction to reinforced concrete, including:
- Concrete is a mixture of cement, sand and aggregate that gains strength through chemical bonding when water is added. Reinforcing concrete with steel overcomes its weakness in tension.
- The history of reinforced concrete dates back to 1855 when it was first used in a boat. Later developments included its use in buildings in the 1860s and the first theory published in 1886.
- Structures must be designed to safely carry all loads that will act on it over its lifetime, including dead loads from structural elements, live loads from occupants/contents, and loads from wind, earthquakes, etc.
- The properties and classification of concrete are discussed, noting
This document provides an introduction to reinforced concrete. It defines concrete, reinforced concrete, and prestressed concrete. It discusses the mechanical properties of concrete and steel. It also covers the different types of loads that act on structures, including dead loads, live loads, wind loads, and earthquake loads. The document emphasizes that structures must be designed to carry all anticipated loads throughout their design life while maintaining adequate strength, serviceability, and safety with consideration for uncertainties in analysis, design, construction, and loading.
This document provides an introduction to reinforced concrete, including:
- Concrete is a mixture of cement, sand and aggregate that gains strength through chemical bonding when water is added. Reinforcing concrete with steel overcomes its weakness in tension.
- The history of reinforced concrete dates back to 1855 when it was first used in a boat. Later developments included its use in buildings in the 1860s and the first theory published in 1886.
- Structures must be designed to safely carry all anticipated loads, including dead loads from structural elements, live loads from occupants/contents, and environmental loads like wind and earthquakes.
- Reinforced concrete structures form a monolithic three-dimensional system. For analysis, floors and
Reinforced Concrete (RC) design is the process of planning and specifying the construction of structures or components using reinforced concrete. Reinforced concrete is a composite material made up of concrete (a mixture of cement, water, and aggregates) and reinforcing steel bars or mesh, which enhances its strength and durability. RCC is commonly used in the construction of buildings, bridges, dams, highways, and various other infrastructure projects due to its versatility and strength.
It's important to note that RCC design can be quite complex and should be carried out by experienced structural engineers who have a deep understanding of the principles, codes, and standards related to reinforced concrete design. Additionally, local building authorities and regulations must be followed to ensure the safety and compliance of the structure.
Here are the key steps involved in RCC design:
Structural Analysis: The first step in RCC design is to analyze the structural requirements of the project. This involves determining the loads that the structure will need to support, such as dead loads (permanent loads like the weight of the structure itself) and live loads (variable loads like people, furniture, and equipment). Structural analysis helps in understanding the internal forces and moments acting on the structure.
Material Properties: Understanding the properties of the materials used in RCC is crucial. This includes knowledge of concrete mix design (proportions of cement, water, aggregates, and admixtures), as well as the properties of reinforcing steel (yield strength, tensile strength, etc.).
Design Codes and Standards: RCC design must adhere to local building codes and standards, which dictate safety and design criteria. These standards may vary by region or country, so it's important to consult the relevant codes for your project.
Structural Design: The structural design phase involves selecting appropriate dimensions for the structural elements (beams, columns, slabs, etc.) to withstand the anticipated loads. This involves calculations and considerations for factors like safety, serviceability, and economy.
Reinforcement Design: Once the structural elements are sized, the design of the reinforcement (rebar or mesh) is carried out. This includes determining the quantity, size, spacing, and placement of reinforcement to ensure the concrete can handle the expected tensile forces.
Detailing: Detailed drawings and specifications are created, specifying all the design details, including reinforcement layouts, concrete cover, joint locations, and more. Proper detailing is essential for construction contractors to follow the design accurately.
After construction, proper maintenance is essential to ensure the longevity and safety of the structure. This includes routine inspections, repairs, and protection against environmental factors like corrosion.
Quality control measures, such as testing concrete and inspecting reinforcement
This document provides an overview of structural design concepts and processes. It discusses:
1. The overall design process including conception, modeling, analysis, design, detailing, drafting and costing.
2. Key structural elements like beams, columns, slabs, shear walls, footings and their design.
3. Concepts of the gravity load resisting system, lateral load resisting system and floor diaphragm.
4. Methods of structural analysis including modeling approaches and consideration of loads and load combinations.
5. Design principles for concrete including properties, reinforcement, durability and mix proportioning.
This document provides an overview of structural design concepts and processes. It discusses:
1. The overall design process including conception, modeling, analysis, design, detailing, drafting and costing.
2. Key structural elements like beams, columns, slabs, shear walls, footings and their design.
3. Concepts of the gravity load resisting system, lateral load resisting system and floor diaphragm.
4. Methods of structural analysis including modeling approaches and consideration of loads and load combinations.
5. Design principles for concrete including properties, reinforcement, durability and mix proportioning.
This document discusses advanced concepts in plain, reinforced, and prestressed concrete. It begins by defining concrete as a mixture of cement, sand, and aggregate bound by water. While concrete has good compressive strength, it is weak in tension. Reinforced concrete overcomes this by adding steel bars for tension resistance. The document then discusses prestressed concrete, the history of reinforced concrete, types of loads on structures, and mechanical properties of concrete. It emphasizes the importance of serviceability, strength, safety, and statistical approaches to safety margins in structural design.
Concrete is composed of cement, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate (sand), and water. It is strong in compression but weak in tension. Reinforced concrete combines concrete with steel reinforcement, which improves its tensile strength. Concrete structures have advantages like control over shape, availability of materials, and economy. However, concrete is weak in tension so steel reinforcement is needed, and it can develop cracks. Design of concrete structures involves specifying loads, materials, and codes to achieve safety and economy. Reinforced concrete uses a mix of cement, sand, coarse aggregate, and water in specific proportions.
This document discusses structural design and the various loads that must be considered in structural design. It defines structural design as determining the arrangement and sizes of structural elements needed to support anticipated loads. The main purposes of structural design are to ensure fitness for purpose, safety and reliability, economy, and maintainability. The document outlines various types of loads that act on structures, including dead loads, imposed (live) loads, wind and snow loads, and loads specified by building codes. It provides examples of load values and discusses how to calculate and distribute loads from slabs and walls to beams and columns.
The document discusses reinforced cement concrete (RCC) structures. It describes two types of building structures - load bearing, where walls transmit loads directly to the ground, and framed structures, where loads are transferred through RCC beams, columns, and slabs. It also discusses design loads on buildings including dead loads from structural weight and live loads. Common RCC structural elements like beams, slabs, shear walls and elevator shafts are described. Raw materials, advantages, specifications, common ratios, one-way and two-way slabs, and examples of RCC structures are covered.
This document summarizes chapter 4 of the book "Structural Concrete Design" which covers various topics related to designing structural concrete including:
- Properties of concrete and reinforcing steel such as compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, creep, and tensile strength.
- Proportioning and mixing concrete, including using admixtures.
- Flexural and strength design of beams, slabs, columns, shear/torsion, development of reinforcement, two-way systems, frames, brackets/corbels, and footings.
- Additional concrete types such as lightweight and high-strength concrete.
This document discusses the key ingredients and properties of concrete. It begins by listing the main ingredients of concrete as Portland cement, aggregate (sand, gravel, crushed rock), water, and sometimes admixtures. It then explains various properties of cement and concrete, including fineness, soundness, consistency, strength, setting time, and others. It also discusses grades of concrete based on compressive strength, characteristic and design strengths, tensile strength, creep, shrinkage, modulus ratio, Poisson's ratio, durability, unit weight, and uses and advantages/disadvantages of concrete.
Effect of creep on composite steel concrete sectionKamel Farid
Creep and Shrinkage are inelastic and time-varying strains.
For Steel-Concrete Composite beam creep and shrinkage are highly associated with concrete.
Simple approach depending on modular ratio has been adopted to compute the elastic section properties instead of the theoretically complex calculations of creep.
This chapter discusses structural concrete design. It covers properties of concrete and reinforcing steel, proportioning and mixing concrete, flexural design of beams and slabs, columns under bending and axial load, shear and torsion, development of reinforcement, two-way systems, frames, brackets and corbels, footings, walls, and defining terms. The chapter aims to promote a unified approach to structural concrete design across different design approaches, techniques, and codes worldwide.
Concrete technology and masonry structuresNripeshJha
This document provides information about concrete technology and masonry structures. It discusses the different types of concrete like plain cement concrete, reinforced cement concrete, and pre-stressed concrete. It describes the materials used in concrete like aggregates, cement, water, and admixtures. It also discusses concepts like workability, shrinkage, creep, and strengths of concrete. Additionally, it provides an overview of masonry, describing it as the building of structures from individual masonry units laid together with mortar. It lists some examples of masonry structures and the different types of masonry units.
This document provides an overview of reinforced concrete design principles for civil engineers and construction managers. It discusses the aim of structural design according to BS 8110, describes the properties and composite action of reinforced concrete, explains limit state design methodology, and summarizes key elements like slabs, beams, columns, walls, and foundations. The document also covers material properties, stress-strain curves, failure modes, and general procedures for slab sizing and design.
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1. REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
Concrete:
Concrete is a stone like substance obtained by permitting a
carefully proportioned mixture of cement, sand and gravel or
other aggregate and water to harden in forms of the shape and
of dimensions of the desired structure.
Reinforced cement concrete:
Since concrete is a brittle material and is strong in compression.
It is weak in tension, so steel is used inside concrete for
strengthening and reinforcing the tensile strength of concrete.
When completely surrounded by the hardened concrete mass
it forms an integral part of the two materials, known as
"Reinforced Concrete".
2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Reinforced Concrete
Flexural Strength of Concrete
Advantages of reinforced concrete
• It has relatively high compressive strength
• It has better resistance to fire than steel
• It has long service life with low maintenance cost
• In some types of structures, such as dams, piers and footings, it is most economical
structural material
• It can be cast to take the shape required , making it widely used in pre-cast structural
components
• It yields rigid members with minimum apparent deflection
• Yield strength of steel is about 15 times the compressive strength of structural concrete
and well over 100 times its tensile strength
• By using steel, cross sectional dimensions of structural members can be reduced.
Disadvantages of reinforced concrete
• It needs mixing, casting and curing, all of which affect the final strength of concrete
• The cost of the forms used to cast concrete is relatively high
• It has low compressive strength as compared to steel (the ratio is about 1:10 depending on
material) which leads to large sections in columns/beams of multi-storey buildings Cracks
develop in concrete due to shrinkage and the application of live loads
3. Reinforced Cement Concrete Design Philosophy and Concepts
“The design of a structure may be regarded as the process of selecting
proper materials and proportioned elements of the structure, according to
the art, engineering science and technology. In order to fulfil its purpose,
the structure must meet its conditions of safety, serviceability, economy
and functionality.”
4. Design Methods
• Strength Design Method
• Working Stress Design
• Limit State Design
5. Loads
-Forces for which a structure should be proportioned. Loads that act on
structure can be divided into three categories.
Dead Loads:
• Dead loads are those that are constant in magnitude and fixed in
location throughout the lifetime of the structure. It includes the weight
of the structure and any permanent material placed on the structure,
such as roofing, tiles, walls etc. They can be determined with a high
degree of accuracy from the dimensions of the elements and the unit
weight of the material.
Live loads:
• Live loads are those that may vary in magnitude and may also change in
location. Live loads consists chiefly occupancy loads in buildings and
traffic loads in bridges. Live loads at any given time are uncertain, both
in magnitude and distribution.
Environmental loads:
• Consists mainly of snow loads, wind pressure and suction, earthquake
loads. Soil pressure on subsurface portion of structures, loads from
possible pounding of rainwater on flat surfaces and forces caused by
temperature differences. Like live loads, environmental loads at any
given time are uncertain both in magnitude and distribution.
6. 1.Required Strength (Factored Load) U
1.1 To resist dead load & live load:
U=1.4DL + 1.7LL
1.2 If resistance to structural effects of specific wind load
U= 0.75(1.4DL+1.7LL+1.7W)
U=0.9DL+1.3W not less than 1.4DL+1.7LL
1.3 If resistance to specified earthquake loads
U= 0.75(1.4DL+1.7LL+1.87E)
U=0.9DL+1.43E not less than 1.4DL+1.7LL
1.4 If resistance to specified earth pressure
U= 1.4DL+1.7LL+1.7H
U=0.9DL not less than 1.4DL+1.7LL
1.5 Where structural effects T of differential settlement,
creep, shrinkage or temperature change are significant.
U= 0.75(1.4DL+1.4T+1.7LL) not less than 1.4(DL+T)
7. Sample Problem
1. CE BOARD 2012
• A singly reinforced T-beam with a cross
sectional area shown in the figure, span of
5m is subjected to support dead load and
live load of 10KN/m and 28KN/m
respectively. Find the factored load
required in ff;
a. using DL and LL only.
b. With additional wind pressure,
w=5KN/m.
b.1. use liveload
b.2. No liveload
c. With additional Earthquake load,
E=40KN/m
c.1. use liveload
c.2. No liveload
8. Solution:
Area of the T-Beam = (0.3x0.12)+(.220x.150) = .0069
Deadload of T-Beam = 25KN/m3 x .0069 = 1.725 KN/m
DLtotal = DL + DLT-Beam = 10 + 1.725 = 11.725KN/m
- Combination of DL & LL
a.) U=1.4DL + 1.7LL = 1.4(11.725) + 1.7(28) = 21.175KN/m
- with Wind Load = 5KN/m,
b.1) U= 0.75(1.4DL+1.7LL+1.7W) = 0.75(1.4(11.725)+1.7(28)+1.7(5)) =
54.39KN/m
b.2) U=0.9DL+1.3W = 0.9(11.725)+1.3(5) = 17.05, Use: = 21.175KN/m
- with Earthquake Load = 40KN/m,
c.1) U= 0.75(1.4DL+1.7LL+1.87E) = 0.75(1.4(11.725)+1.7(28)+1.87(40)) =
104KN/m
c.2) U=0.9DL+1.43E = 0.9(11.725)+1.43(40) = 67.75 KN/m
9. 2. Determine the Axial stress
acting on a circular column
shown in the figure.
Solution:
U = 0.75(1.4DL+1.7LL+1.87E)
= 121.725N
Stress = Force/Area
= (121.725)/π(0.125)2
= 2,479.76N/m2
Or 2.48KPa
DL = 20N
LL = 35N
D = 250
E = 40N