THIS REPORT IS BASED ON THE POWER FACTOR CORRECTION ON THE POWERPLANT AND IN THIS REPORT IS PREPARED BASED ON THE REPORT MAKING AND THIS REPORT IS USEFUL TO SUBMIT THE REPORTS IN THIS FORMAT AND THIS FORMAT IS ALSO GOOD
Power Quality Improvement in Grid Connected PV Systemijtsrd
The general trends in the past decade of increasing solar cell efficiency, decreasing PV system costs, increasing government incentive programs, and several other factors have all combined synergistically to reduce the barriers of entry for PV systems to enter the market and expand their contribution to the global energy portfolio. The shortcomings of current inverter functions which link PV systems to the utility network are becoming transparent as PV penetration levels continue to increase. In this paper an analysis of solar system connected with the grid has been done. The system is subjected with two types of perturbations, i.e. variable load and the variable irradiance level which changes the output of the solar system. The design, modeling, and analysis of a grid-tied PV system are performed in the MATLAB software simulation environment. Solar cell works on the principle of photo voltaic effect, which has nonlinear voltage and current characteristics. These characteristics are improved with the help of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller. MPPT controller helps to feed the inverter with maximum power from the solar system. Results indicate that in the presence of grid disturbances the inverter can react dynamically to help restore the power system back to its normal state. A harmonic analysis was also performed indicating the inverter under study met the applicable power quality standards for distributed energy resources Anjali | Gourav Sharma"Power Quality Improvement in Grid Connected PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-4 , June 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2196.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/2196/power-quality-improvement-in-grid-connected-pv-system/anjali
A simplified phase shift pwm-based feedforward distributed mppt method for gr...Asoka Technologies
The modularity and decreased filter size properties have made cascaded multilevel inverters (MLIs) more applicable than conventional two-level inverters, especially in high and medium power photovoltaic (PV) applications. However, partial shading of PV modules will affect negatively the output power of the unshaded modules. There are several existing solutions in the literature to address this challenge, however almost all of them suffer from complex implementations, low efficiency, and high cost. This paper presents a new simplified feedforward distributed maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method for three-phase grid-connected cascaded MLIs. The cascaded MLI provides a modular, and highly efficient single stage power conversion for PV systems. The proposed distributed MPPT method is depending on the phase-shift pulse width modulation (PSPWM) method with a simplified implementation. The proposed method is developing a feedforward signal that is proportional to the maximum power of the individual module. Then, the current controller, and the modulating signal are multiplied with the proportionality factor of the module maximum power. Furthermore, a modified modulation compensation method without using proportional-integral (PI) controllers is introduced to solve the problem of the unbalanced three-phase PV output currents that results from PV power mismatches and shading. A case study is implemented for 15 kW PV system to investigate the performance of the proposed method. In addition, comprehensive comparisons with the previous attempts in the literature are provided to verify the superior performance of the new proposed control method.
Grid Interconnection of Renewable Energy Sources at the Distribution Level Wi...Pradeep Avanigadda
Renewable energy resources (RES) are being increasingly connected in distribution systems utilizing power electronic converters.
This project presents a novel control strategy for achieving maximum benefits from these grid-interfacing inverters when installed in 3-phase 4-wire distribution systems.
The inverter can thus be utilized as:
1) power converter to inject power generated from RES to the grid &
2) shunt APF to compensate current unbalance, load current harmonics, load reactive power demand and load neutral current.
Harmonics created by nonlinear loads such as arc furnaces, cycloconverters and motor drives destroys the power quality in the system. They not only affect the working of adjacent loads but also shorten the life of power equipment by creating excessive losses. ‘Shunt Active Power Filter’ is a modern addition to family of compensating devices. It has superior qualities over its contemporaries namely SVCs and STATCOMs. It not only mitigates harmonics within the allowable limits defined by IEEE Std 519-1992, but also compensates unbalancing and reactive power in the system. Consequently, only active power is supplied by the source thus power factor approaches unity. A fully functional Simulink model of Shunt Active Power Filter has been designed based on ‘Instantaneous Power Theory’ or ‘p-q Theory’. The results of simulation comply with all the features described by the theory, justifying employment of SAPF in the industry.
statcom-grid connected wind energy generating system for power qualityy impro...Venu Gopal
—Injection of the wind power into an electric grid affects the power quality. The performance of the wind turbine and thereby power quality are determined on the basis of measurements and the norms followed according to the guideline specified in International Electro-technical Commission standard, IEC-61400. The influence of the wind turbine in the grid system concerning the power quality measurements are-the active power, reactive power, variation of voltage, flicker, harmonics, and electrical behavior of switching operation and these are measured according to national/international guidelines. The paper study demonstrates the power quality problem due to installation of wind turbinewith the grid. In thisproposed scheme STATic COMpensator (STATCOM) is connected at a point of common coupling with a battery energy storage system (BESS) to mitigate the power quality issues. The battery energy storage is integrated to sustain the real power source under fluctuating wind power. The STATCOM control scheme for the grid connected wind energy generation system for power quality improvement is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK in power system block set. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme relives the main supply source from the reactivepower demand of the load and the induction generator. The development of the grid co-ordination rule and the scheme for improvement in power quality norms as per IEC-standard on the grid has been presented
Real Time Implementation of Variable Step Size Based P&O MPPT for PV Systems ...IJPEDS-IAES
Nowadays Solar energy is an important energy source due to the energy crisis and environment pollution. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm improves the utilization efficiency of a photovoltaic systems. In this paper an improved P&O MPPT algorithm is developed and simulated using MATLAB / SIMULINK to control the DC/DC buck converter. The obtained simulink model is also verified using dspace tool. Both the simulated and experimental results are validated by also comparing them with conventional MPPT methods. The performance measures show the increase in the efficiency of PV system by the proposed model.
Power Quality Improvement in Grid Connected PV Systemijtsrd
The general trends in the past decade of increasing solar cell efficiency, decreasing PV system costs, increasing government incentive programs, and several other factors have all combined synergistically to reduce the barriers of entry for PV systems to enter the market and expand their contribution to the global energy portfolio. The shortcomings of current inverter functions which link PV systems to the utility network are becoming transparent as PV penetration levels continue to increase. In this paper an analysis of solar system connected with the grid has been done. The system is subjected with two types of perturbations, i.e. variable load and the variable irradiance level which changes the output of the solar system. The design, modeling, and analysis of a grid-tied PV system are performed in the MATLAB software simulation environment. Solar cell works on the principle of photo voltaic effect, which has nonlinear voltage and current characteristics. These characteristics are improved with the help of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller. MPPT controller helps to feed the inverter with maximum power from the solar system. Results indicate that in the presence of grid disturbances the inverter can react dynamically to help restore the power system back to its normal state. A harmonic analysis was also performed indicating the inverter under study met the applicable power quality standards for distributed energy resources Anjali | Gourav Sharma"Power Quality Improvement in Grid Connected PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-4 , June 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2196.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/2196/power-quality-improvement-in-grid-connected-pv-system/anjali
A simplified phase shift pwm-based feedforward distributed mppt method for gr...Asoka Technologies
The modularity and decreased filter size properties have made cascaded multilevel inverters (MLIs) more applicable than conventional two-level inverters, especially in high and medium power photovoltaic (PV) applications. However, partial shading of PV modules will affect negatively the output power of the unshaded modules. There are several existing solutions in the literature to address this challenge, however almost all of them suffer from complex implementations, low efficiency, and high cost. This paper presents a new simplified feedforward distributed maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method for three-phase grid-connected cascaded MLIs. The cascaded MLI provides a modular, and highly efficient single stage power conversion for PV systems. The proposed distributed MPPT method is depending on the phase-shift pulse width modulation (PSPWM) method with a simplified implementation. The proposed method is developing a feedforward signal that is proportional to the maximum power of the individual module. Then, the current controller, and the modulating signal are multiplied with the proportionality factor of the module maximum power. Furthermore, a modified modulation compensation method without using proportional-integral (PI) controllers is introduced to solve the problem of the unbalanced three-phase PV output currents that results from PV power mismatches and shading. A case study is implemented for 15 kW PV system to investigate the performance of the proposed method. In addition, comprehensive comparisons with the previous attempts in the literature are provided to verify the superior performance of the new proposed control method.
Grid Interconnection of Renewable Energy Sources at the Distribution Level Wi...Pradeep Avanigadda
Renewable energy resources (RES) are being increasingly connected in distribution systems utilizing power electronic converters.
This project presents a novel control strategy for achieving maximum benefits from these grid-interfacing inverters when installed in 3-phase 4-wire distribution systems.
The inverter can thus be utilized as:
1) power converter to inject power generated from RES to the grid &
2) shunt APF to compensate current unbalance, load current harmonics, load reactive power demand and load neutral current.
Harmonics created by nonlinear loads such as arc furnaces, cycloconverters and motor drives destroys the power quality in the system. They not only affect the working of adjacent loads but also shorten the life of power equipment by creating excessive losses. ‘Shunt Active Power Filter’ is a modern addition to family of compensating devices. It has superior qualities over its contemporaries namely SVCs and STATCOMs. It not only mitigates harmonics within the allowable limits defined by IEEE Std 519-1992, but also compensates unbalancing and reactive power in the system. Consequently, only active power is supplied by the source thus power factor approaches unity. A fully functional Simulink model of Shunt Active Power Filter has been designed based on ‘Instantaneous Power Theory’ or ‘p-q Theory’. The results of simulation comply with all the features described by the theory, justifying employment of SAPF in the industry.
statcom-grid connected wind energy generating system for power qualityy impro...Venu Gopal
—Injection of the wind power into an electric grid affects the power quality. The performance of the wind turbine and thereby power quality are determined on the basis of measurements and the norms followed according to the guideline specified in International Electro-technical Commission standard, IEC-61400. The influence of the wind turbine in the grid system concerning the power quality measurements are-the active power, reactive power, variation of voltage, flicker, harmonics, and electrical behavior of switching operation and these are measured according to national/international guidelines. The paper study demonstrates the power quality problem due to installation of wind turbinewith the grid. In thisproposed scheme STATic COMpensator (STATCOM) is connected at a point of common coupling with a battery energy storage system (BESS) to mitigate the power quality issues. The battery energy storage is integrated to sustain the real power source under fluctuating wind power. The STATCOM control scheme for the grid connected wind energy generation system for power quality improvement is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK in power system block set. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme relives the main supply source from the reactivepower demand of the load and the induction generator. The development of the grid co-ordination rule and the scheme for improvement in power quality norms as per IEC-standard on the grid has been presented
Real Time Implementation of Variable Step Size Based P&O MPPT for PV Systems ...IJPEDS-IAES
Nowadays Solar energy is an important energy source due to the energy crisis and environment pollution. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm improves the utilization efficiency of a photovoltaic systems. In this paper an improved P&O MPPT algorithm is developed and simulated using MATLAB / SIMULINK to control the DC/DC buck converter. The obtained simulink model is also verified using dspace tool. Both the simulated and experimental results are validated by also comparing them with conventional MPPT methods. The performance measures show the increase in the efficiency of PV system by the proposed model.
An improved control algorithm of shunt active filter for voltage regulation, ...Asoka Technologies
This paper deals with an implementation of a new control algorithm for a three-phase shunt active filter to regulate load terminal voltage, eliminate harmonics, correct supply power-factor, and balance the nonlinear unbalanced loads. A three-phase insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) based current controlled voltage source inverter (CC-VSI) with a dc bus capacitor is used as an active filter (AF). The control algorithm of the AF uses two closed loop PI controllers. The dc bus voltage of the AF and three-phase supply voltages are used as feed back signals in the PI controllers. The control algorithm of the AF provides three-phase reference supply currents. A carrier wave pulse width modulation (PWM) current controller is employed over the reference and sensed supply currents to generate gating pulses of IGBT’s of the AF. Test results are presented and discussed to demonstrate the voltage regulation, harmonic elimination, power-factor correction and load balancing capabilities of the AF system.
Injection of the wind power into an electric grid affects the power quality. The performance of the wind turbine and thereby power quality are determined on the basis of measurements and the norms followed according to the guideline specified in International Electro-technical Commission standard, IEC-61400. The influence of the wind turbine in the grid system concerning the power quality measurements are-the active power, reactive power, variation of voltage, flicker, harmonics, and electrical behavior of switching operation and these are measured according to national/international guidelines. The paper study demonstrates the power quality problem due to installation of wind turbine with the grid. In this proposed scheme STATic COMpensator (STATCOM) is connected at a point of common coupling with a battery energy storage system (BESS) to mitigate the power quality issues. The battery energy storage is integrated to sustain the real power source under fluctuating wind power. The STATCOM control scheme for the grid connected wind energy generation system for power quality improvement is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK in power system block set. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme relives the main supply source from the reactive power demand of the load and the induction generator. The development of the grid co-ordination rule and the scheme for improvement in power quality norms as per IEC-standard on the grid has been presented.
Enhanced MPPT Technique For DC-DC Luo Converter Using Model Predictive Contro...IJERD Editor
The present study explored an enhanced maximum power point tracking technique which ensures fast tracking in PV systems. This system represents a Model Predictive Control (MPC) MPPT technique. Extracting the maximum power from PV systems has been widely investigated. The main benefaction of this article is an improvement of the Perturb and Observe (P&O) method through a fixed step predictive control under measured fast solar radiation. The preferred predictive control to achieve Maximum Power Point (MPP) speeds up the control loop since it predicts error before the switching signal is applied to the DC-DC Luo converter. Comparing the improved technique to the conventional P&O method indicates significant improvement in PV system performance. The proposed MPC-MPPT technique for a Luo converter is implemented using the MAT LAB SIMULINK
Automatic Power Factor Improvement by Using PLC & SCADAferozpatowary
Power factor correction (PFC) is a process of negotiating the unwanted effects of electric loads that
create a power factor less than one. Power factor correction may be applied either by an electrical power transmission utility to enhance the efficiency of transmission network. In this paper three transformers of different ratings have been used which acts as inductive load each of which produce different power factor variation. The power factor of the supply line is directly monitored by the Power Meter which is connected in parallel to the supply line. The value of the capacitance (capacitor bank) required for correcting the power factor variation due to each transformer and their
combination is found out separately. Capacitor bank for the respective load is triggered by using PLC, which connects the capacitor bank parallel to the load and thereby bringing the power factor near to unity. This paper represents the most effective automatic power factor improvement and monitoring by using static capacitors which will be controlled by a PLC with very low cost although many existing systems are present which are expensive and difficult to manufacture. In this study, many small rating capacitors are connected in parallel and a reference power factor is set as standard value into the PLC. Suitable number of static capacitors is automatically connected according to the instruction of the PLC to improve the power factor close to unity. Some tricks such as using resistors instead of potential transformer and using one of the most low cost PLC SIEMENS S7-200 CPU215 DC/DC/DC which also reduce programming complexity that make it most economical system than any other controlling system.
Power factor improvement is the essence of any power sector for realible operations. This report provides literature study of a fixed capacitor thyristor controlled reactor type of power factor compensator by matlab simulation and implementation in programmed microcontroller. To retaining power factor closed to unity under various load condition the arduino ATmega8 microcontroller is used which is programmed by keil software. The simulation is done using proteus software which display power factor according to the variation in load whenever a capacitive load is connected to the transmission line, a shunt reactor is connected which injects lagging reactive VARs to the power system. This report also includes the matlab simulation for three phase power factor improvement by using fixed capacitor thyristor controlled reactor. As a
result the power factor is improved. The results given in this report provides
suitable matlab simulation and proteus simulation based reactor power compensation and power factor improvement and techniques using a FCTCR.
An improved control algorithm of shunt active filter for voltage regulation, ...Asoka Technologies
This paper deals with an implementation of a new control algorithm for a three-phase shunt active filter to regulate load terminal voltage, eliminate harmonics, correct supply power-factor, and balance the nonlinear unbalanced loads. A three-phase insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) based current controlled voltage source inverter (CC-VSI) with a dc bus capacitor is used as an active filter (AF). The control algorithm of the AF uses two closed loop PI controllers. The dc bus voltage of the AF and three-phase supply voltages are used as feed back signals in the PI controllers. The control algorithm of the AF provides three-phase reference supply currents. A carrier wave pulse width modulation (PWM) current controller is employed over the reference and sensed supply currents to generate gating pulses of IGBT’s of the AF. Test results are presented and discussed to demonstrate the voltage regulation, harmonic elimination, power-factor correction and load balancing capabilities of the AF system.
Injection of the wind power into an electric grid affects the power quality. The performance of the wind turbine and thereby power quality are determined on the basis of measurements and the norms followed according to the guideline specified in International Electro-technical Commission standard, IEC-61400. The influence of the wind turbine in the grid system concerning the power quality measurements are-the active power, reactive power, variation of voltage, flicker, harmonics, and electrical behavior of switching operation and these are measured according to national/international guidelines. The paper study demonstrates the power quality problem due to installation of wind turbine with the grid. In this proposed scheme STATic COMpensator (STATCOM) is connected at a point of common coupling with a battery energy storage system (BESS) to mitigate the power quality issues. The battery energy storage is integrated to sustain the real power source under fluctuating wind power. The STATCOM control scheme for the grid connected wind energy generation system for power quality improvement is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK in power system block set. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme relives the main supply source from the reactive power demand of the load and the induction generator. The development of the grid co-ordination rule and the scheme for improvement in power quality norms as per IEC-standard on the grid has been presented.
Enhanced MPPT Technique For DC-DC Luo Converter Using Model Predictive Contro...IJERD Editor
The present study explored an enhanced maximum power point tracking technique which ensures fast tracking in PV systems. This system represents a Model Predictive Control (MPC) MPPT technique. Extracting the maximum power from PV systems has been widely investigated. The main benefaction of this article is an improvement of the Perturb and Observe (P&O) method through a fixed step predictive control under measured fast solar radiation. The preferred predictive control to achieve Maximum Power Point (MPP) speeds up the control loop since it predicts error before the switching signal is applied to the DC-DC Luo converter. Comparing the improved technique to the conventional P&O method indicates significant improvement in PV system performance. The proposed MPC-MPPT technique for a Luo converter is implemented using the MAT LAB SIMULINK
Automatic Power Factor Improvement by Using PLC & SCADAferozpatowary
Power factor correction (PFC) is a process of negotiating the unwanted effects of electric loads that
create a power factor less than one. Power factor correction may be applied either by an electrical power transmission utility to enhance the efficiency of transmission network. In this paper three transformers of different ratings have been used which acts as inductive load each of which produce different power factor variation. The power factor of the supply line is directly monitored by the Power Meter which is connected in parallel to the supply line. The value of the capacitance (capacitor bank) required for correcting the power factor variation due to each transformer and their
combination is found out separately. Capacitor bank for the respective load is triggered by using PLC, which connects the capacitor bank parallel to the load and thereby bringing the power factor near to unity. This paper represents the most effective automatic power factor improvement and monitoring by using static capacitors which will be controlled by a PLC with very low cost although many existing systems are present which are expensive and difficult to manufacture. In this study, many small rating capacitors are connected in parallel and a reference power factor is set as standard value into the PLC. Suitable number of static capacitors is automatically connected according to the instruction of the PLC to improve the power factor close to unity. Some tricks such as using resistors instead of potential transformer and using one of the most low cost PLC SIEMENS S7-200 CPU215 DC/DC/DC which also reduce programming complexity that make it most economical system than any other controlling system.
Power factor improvement is the essence of any power sector for realible operations. This report provides literature study of a fixed capacitor thyristor controlled reactor type of power factor compensator by matlab simulation and implementation in programmed microcontroller. To retaining power factor closed to unity under various load condition the arduino ATmega8 microcontroller is used which is programmed by keil software. The simulation is done using proteus software which display power factor according to the variation in load whenever a capacitive load is connected to the transmission line, a shunt reactor is connected which injects lagging reactive VARs to the power system. This report also includes the matlab simulation for three phase power factor improvement by using fixed capacitor thyristor controlled reactor. As a
result the power factor is improved. The results given in this report provides
suitable matlab simulation and proteus simulation based reactor power compensation and power factor improvement and techniques using a FCTCR.
The increase of power electronic converters at the end-user side is unavoidable and it will cause current harmonic distortion and wide range of disturbance in the power system (PS). This paper presents current harmonic compensation for the test case of the Quaid-e-Awam University College of Engineering Sciences and Technology (QUCEST) Larkana campus in MATLAB SIMULINK by using three types of power filters i.e. passive, active and hybrid power filters. The purpose of this experiment and simulation model is to analyse and find out the best solution for reducing the current harmonic and unbalanced load condition at the incoming transformer to the campus. Moreover, this paper presents the testing and comparison of the active and hybrid power filters by using the combined design technique of harmonic compensate control system based on Unit Vector Template (UVT) and Instantaneous Reactive Power (IRP) theory. The simulation results allow to identify the effectiveness of the control system along with passive filter. Based on the testing and simulation results of three types of power filters, hybrid power filter has the maximum ability to mitigate the current harmonic in the system, and it also reduces the neutral current thus causing less stress in the existing system.
1.compensation of reactive power using d statcom in grid interfaced pv systemEditorJST
This paper displays the upgrade of voltage droops, Harmonic mutilation and low power figure utilizing Distribution Static Compensator (D-STATCOM) with LCL Passive Filter in Distribution Framework. At whatever point there is an entrance of photovoltaic cell energy to the low voltage appropriated matrix, there happen the issue of confuse in voltage and recurrence in the system, maybe brought on by non-direct loads, creating music. The model depends on the Voltage Source Converter (VSC) guideline. The D-STATCOM infuses a current into the framework to alleviate the voltage lists. LCL Passive Filter Was then added to D-STATCOM to enhance symphonies bending and low power figure. The reproductions were performed utilizing MATLAB SIMULINK.
Control of Grid-tied solar photovoltaic power using quasi z-source inverter a...Sasidharan Srinivasan
The speculative nature of solar energy compels the use of robust controllers for effective photovoltaic power transfer in the system. The entire energy yield can be
maximized by using a maximum power point tracker (MPPT). This ability of the MPPT is combined with a quasi-Z-source inverter in order to provide a predictive and an efficient control of the grid-connected photovoltaic cells. The MPC controller
provides a linear model and thus, a simplified solution for the optimization problem. It provides a better performance along with perturb and observe (P&O) technique compensating for its poor dynamic performance under rapidly varying
meteorological changes. The improved control certifies a better stature for operation and maximizes the photovoltaic power in the grid-tied system.
FC/PV Fed SAF with Fuzzy Logic Control for Power Quality EnhancementIJPEDS-IAES
In this paper, a Fuel cell (FC)/Photovoltaic cell (PV)/Battery operated three- phase Shunt Active power Filter (SAF) is proposed for improving the power quality at the utility side. Fuzzy based instantaneous p-q theory control is proposed for SAF. This SAF consists of Voltage Source PWM Converter (VSC) and a DC link capacitor supplied by a FC/PV/Battery. The filter provides harmonic mitigation with reactive power compensation and neutral compensation for loads at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC). A Single switch boost DC-DC converter connects the FC/PV/Battery with the VSC to maintain the load. The performance of the proposed SAF is tested in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment with Fuzzy logic controller (FLC). The controller maintains the DC link voltage based on the current reference generated by the p-q theory. The Hysteresis PWM current controller is employed to generate the gating pulses to the switches in VSC. The simulation results of the proposed SAF validate the effectiveness of FLC in power quality enhancement.
giving details of reactive power compensation in simple way and the study we had and on base of it d capacitor we designed... and some references are also there to get more details of reactive power and its compensation
POWER FACTOR IMPROVEMENT OF INDUSTRIAL LOAD BY MATLAB SIMULATIONpaperpublications3
Abstract: It is a framework considering industrial loads for improvement of power factor of industrial load system. Most of loads in industries are inductive in nature and thus having low power factor. Low power factor is highly undesirable and it increases current and also increases losses of active power. This paper discusses how to calculate the correct value of capacitor to improve power factor to overcome above mentioned problems. Because improving power factor will give efficient utilization of electrical power.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Voltage Flicker Mitigation in Electric Arc Furnace using D-STATCOMIAES-IJPEDS
The major power quality issue of voltage flicker has resulted as a serious concern for the customers and heavy power companies. Voltage flicker is an impression of unsteadiness of visual sensation induced by a light source whose luminance fluctuates with time. This phenomenon is experienced when an Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) as load is connected to the power system. Flexible AC transmission devices (FACTS) devices were gradually utilized for voltage flicker reduction. In this paper the FACTS device of Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator (D-STATCOM) is used to serve the purpose of mitigating voltage flickering caused by electric arc furnace load, which is efficiently controlled by Icosɸ control algorithm. The model of electric arc furnace is considered as a current source controlled by a non linear resistance, which had been simulated and performance was analyzed using MATLAB/SIMULINK Software.
Advance Technology in Application of Four Leg Inverters to UPQCIJPEDS-IAES
This article presents a novel application of four leg inverter with
conventional Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) Scheme to
Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC). The Power Quality problem
became burning issues since the starting of high voltage AC transmission
system. Hence, in this article it has been discussed to mitigate the PQ issues
in high voltage AC systems through a three phase Unified Power Quality
Conditioner (UPQC) under various conditions, such as harmonic mitigation
scheme, non linear loads, sag and swell conditions as well. Also, it proposes
to control harmoincs with various artificial intelligent techniques. Thus
application of these control technique such as Neural Networks (ANN)
Fuzzy Logic makes the system performance in par with the standards
and also compared with existing system. The simulation results based on
MATLAB/Simulink are discussed in detail to support the concept developed
in the paper.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
THIS DOCUMENT IS MAINLY PREPARED ON THE TIME RESPONSE OF A SECOND ORDER SYSTEM AND IN THIS DOCUMENT WE ALSO DONE THE SIMULATION BY USING MATLAB AND HERE WE ALSO DONE THE THEORETICAL MATHEMATICAL CALCULATIONS TO SHOW HOW THE SYSTEM IS BEHAVING IN DIFFERENT CONDITIONS AND HERE WE ALSO DONE THE MATLAB CODING AND THE RESULTS ARE ALSO PLOTTED IN THE DOCUMENT
THIS PPT IS DONE ON THE MICROGRID. IN THIS PPT WE DISCUSSED THE USES OF MICROGRIDS AND THEIR REAL-LIFE APPLICATIONS AND HOW THEY ARE INTERCONNECTED TO EACH OTHER AND THE MAJOR DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE CONVENTIONAL GRIDS AND THE MICROGRIDS AND THEIR USES, ADVANTAGES ARE ALSO DISCUSSED IN THIS PRESENTATION AND USES IN FUTURE ALSO AND THIS PPT IS SO USEFUL TO MANY STUDENTS
THIS IS A PROJECT DONE BY USING SMALL ELECTRONICS COMPONENTS AND BY DOING THIS WE CAN SEE THE FADING OF LED BY UP AND DOWN AND FOR THIS WE MADE REPORT IN A SPECIFIED WAY AND IN THIS IS WE SHOWN EVERY STEP BRIEFLY HOW TO DO THE PROJECT AND THE RESULTS ARE ALSO COMING AND THIS PROJECT IS USEFUL FOR MANY TO DO PROJECTS
THIS DOCUMENT MAINLY CONTAINS THE HOW TO MODLE DC SERVO MOTOR BY USING THE MATLAB SIMULINK AND HOW IT WILL BEHAVE IS SHOWN IN THE MATHEMATICAL EQUATIONS AND THE PLOTTINGS ARE ALSO KEPT IN THIS DOCUMENT SO BY THIS IT IS USEFUL TO STUDY THE CHARACTRISTICS OF A DC SERVO MOTOR
THIS PPT IS MAINLY BASED ON HOW THE ELCTRONIC FUEL INJECTION SYSTEMS IN DIFFERENT VEHICLES AND IN THIS WE HAVE DISCUSSED DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES IN DIFFERENT VEHIOCLEWS AND THEIR MODELS ALSO AND THEIR SYSTEMS ALSO IN THE VEHICLES AND THEIR COMPONENTS AND THEIR USES ARE ALSO MENTIONED IN THIS PPT SO IT IS USEFUL FOR BOTH MECHANICAL AND ELECTRONICS STUDENTS
THIS PPT IS MAINLY CONTAINS THE GREEN ENERGY TECHNIQUES AND THE USES OF USING RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES AND IN THIS WE ALSO DISCUSSED THE VARIOUS TYPES OF ENERGIES AVAILABLE AND THEIR REQUIREMENTS IN THE FUTURE AND IT IS USEFUL
THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS THE DIGITAL ELECTRONICS DESIGN OF 3 BIT MAJORITY CIRCUIT. IN THIS DOCUMENT THERE IS A BRIEF EXPLANATION ABOUT THE CIRCUIT HOW TO DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CIRCUIT AND THE THEORETICAL CALCULATIONS,TRUTH TABLES ARE ALSO DONE IN THIS DOCUMENT AND THIS IS USEFUL FOR THE ELECTRONICS STUDENTS
THIS PPT IS MAINLY BASED ON ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT ANALYSIS PROBLEM AND THIS PPT ALSO SOLVED THEORETICALLY AND SOLVED BY USING THE MATLAB SOFTWARE AND THIS ALSO CONTAINS THE CODE AND RESULTS ARE ALSO THERE.SO THIS IS USEFUL
power systems ppt on Arc welding and Electric welding equipment and compariso...sanjay kumar pediredla
this ppt is mainly based on the power systems related topic and in this ppt mainly consists of ac and dc weldings and which welding is used mainly and the importance of arc welding and electric welding and the techniques are also discussed in this and it is so helpful .and the safety requirements and the equipment used is also discussed in this topic
CONTROL SYSTEM PPT ON DETERMINATION OF SABILITY OF SYSTEM USING NYQUIST PLOT ...sanjay kumar pediredla
THIS PPT CONTAINS A PPT ABOUT THE STABILITY F A SYSTEM BY USING A NYQUIST CRITERIA AND THIS PPT ALSO CONTAINS A MATLAB CODING AND THE PLOTS OF THE SYSTEM AND IN THIS PPT I ALSO SOLVED A SUM PRACTICALLY IN A MATLAB AND I KEPT A RESULTS TOO .SO THIS PPT IS SO USEFUL FOR THE STUDENTS
CONTROL SYSTEMS PPT ON A UNIT STEP RESPONSE OF A SERIES RLC CIRCUIT sanjay kumar pediredla
THIS PPT IS SO USEFUL TO KNOW ABOUT THE SERIES RLC CIRCUIT AND IN THIS WE CAN ALSO HOW THE RESPONSE WILL BE THERE FOR A UNIT STEP RESPONSE AND I ALSO KEPT A MATLAB CODING AND GRAPHS FOR THE SERIES RLC CIRCUIT
DESIGN OF CIRCUIT DEBITS THE GIVEN VALUE TO THE DEFAULT VALUE WITH COST ANAL...sanjay kumar pediredla
THIS REPORT IS BASED ON THE DESIGN OF CIRCUIT DEBITS THE GIVEN VALUE TO THE DEFAULT VALUE WITH COST ANALYSIS AND DEBIT RANGE IS (0-7) AND DEFAULT VALUE “11". AND BY SEEING THIS REPORT WE CAN GET A IDEA ABOUT THE ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS HOW TO DESIGN THE CIRCUITS AND BY USING THE COSTING TECHNIQUES WE CAN KNOW ABOUT HOW TO DESIGN THE CIRCUITS BY LOW-COST ANALYSIS SO IN THIS REPORT WE CAN SEE THAT THE COST ANALYSIS OF THE IC'S ALSO SO THIS REPORT IS ALSO USEFUL FOR THE ENGINEERING STUDENTS THOSE WHO ARE DESIGNING THE CIRCUITS AND HOW TO DO THE COSTING ANALYSIS ON THE CIRCUITS
THIS REPORT IS BASED ON THE PROBLEM SOLVING ON THE MUTUAL INDUCTANCE OF COUPLED CIRCUIT AND THIS REPORT ALSO CONTAINS THE PROBLEM SOLVING BY USING THE CIRCUIT ANALYSIS . AND ALSO REPORT IS PREPARED ON THE NORMS AND THIS REPORT DESCRIPTION IS ALSO GOOD AND THE EQUATIONS ARE ALSO WRITTEN IN THIS REPORT AND THIS MATLAB CODIMG AND THE REULTS ARE PLOTTED IN THIS REPORT AND THE GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION IS ALSO SHOWN IN THIS REPORT SO THIS IS USEFUL
THIS REPORT IS BASED ON THE SIMULATION OF DC SERIES MOTOR CHARACTERISTICS AND THIS REPORT IS PREPARED WELL ACCORDING TO THE NORMS AND THE REPORT ALSO CONTAINS A MATLAB SIMULINK OF THE DC MOTOR DESIGN AND THE RESULTS ARE ALSO PLOTTED IN THIS REPORT AND THE DESCRIPTION ALSO ABOUT THE REPORT IS ALSO PREPARED WELL IN THIS REPORT AND THIS IS USEFUL FOR THE ENGINEERING STUDENTS
THIS REPORT IS BASED ON THE GREEN ENERGY ELECTRIC POWER CONVERTER AND THIS REPORT IS PREPARED ON THE BASE OF FORMAT WHICH IS STANDARD AND THIS REPORT ALSO CONTAINS DIFFERENT ENERGY SOURCES WHICH IS RENEWABLE SOURCES SO THIS USEFUL FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS
THIS PPT IS ABOUT THE ANALYZE THE STABILITY OF DC SERVO MOTOR USING NYQUIST PLOT AND IN THIS PPT WE CAN ALSO SEE THE DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTICS EQUATION FOR THE DC SERVO MOTOR AND THE EXAMPLE GRAPHS ARE ALSO SHOWN IN THIS PPT AND THIS PPT IS SO USEFUL FOR THE CONTROL SYSTEM STUDENTS AND ANALYSIS OF THE EQUATIONS ARE ALSO AVAILABLE IN THIS PPT
THIS IS THE REPORT OF THE CONTROL SYSTEMS QUESTION AND THIS REPORT IS USEFUL TO SOLVE THE QUESTIONS AND THIS REPORT ALSO CONTAINS THE MATLAB SIMULATION CODE AND THE PLOTTINGS OF THE RESULT AND THIS REPORT IS PREPARED BASED ON THE DIFFERENT SUB HEADINGS AND IT IS CATEGORIZED IN THIS WAY SO IT IS USEFUL TO THE CONTROL SYSTEM ENGINEERING STUDENTS
THIS PPT MAINLY DISCUSS ABOUT DOUBLE CAGE INDUCTION MOTOR AND IT'S CONSTRUCTION AND THIS PPT MAINLY CONTAINS THE DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MACHINE IN VARIOUS FACTORS ANTHE PLOTTINGS ARE ALSO WE CAN SEE IN THIS PPT SO IT IS SO USEFUL TO ELECTRICAL MACHINES STUDENTS
THIS PPT IS SO USEFUL FOR THE CONTROL SYSTEM STUDENTS MOSTLY. THIS PPT MAINLY DISCUSSED ABOUT THE IMPULSE RESPONSE OF SECOND ORDER SYSTEM
AND THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SYSTEM AND STABILITY FACTOR OF THE SYSTEM AN THIS PPT CONTAINS A MATLAB CODING AND SIMULATION AND THE RESULTS ARE ALSO PLOTED IN THE PPT . SO IT IS SO USEFUL TO THE STUDENTS
THIS PPT IS BASED ON THE WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION AND THIS PPT IS MAINLY BASED ON THE UPCOMING WIRELESS TRANSMISSION IN THE CHARGING OF VEHICLES AND MOBILE PHONES THROUGH THE UPCOMING TECHNOLOGY IN THE POWER TRANSMISSION AND THIS IS SO HELP FULL TO THE ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING STUDENTS
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
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Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
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PROBLEM ON THE POWERFACTOR CORRRECTION IN POWER PLANT
1. Project Report
On
PROBLEM ON THE POWERFACTOR CORRRECTION IN POWER PLANT
Submitted as a part of Second Year First Semester curriculum of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
By
Mr.P.Eswar Sai 18981A0237
Mr. P.Mohan 18981A0238
Ms. P.Supriya 18981A0239
Mr. P. Nithesh Kumar 18981A0240
Mr. P.Sanjay Kumar 18981A0241
Under the Supervision of
Dr.G.vasu
Associate Professor
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Raghu Engineering College
(Autonomous)
Accredited by NBA & NAAC with ‘A Grade, Permanently Affiliated JNTU
Kakinada
Dakamarri (v), Bheemunipatnam Mandal, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
531162
2. Dec – 2019
RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Department of Electrical and Electronics
Engineering
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that case study entitled as “PROBLEM ON THE
POWERFACTOR CORRRECTION IN POWER PLANT” submitted by Mr.P.Mohan
(18981A0238), Ms.P.Supriya(18981A0239), Mr. P.NitheshKumar(18981A0240), Mr.P.Sanjay
Kumar(18981A0241) as a part of Second Year First Semester Curriculum of
Under Graduate Program in Electrical & Electronics Engineering at Raghu
Engineering College.
Faculty Member Head of the department
Mr.M.Srikanth Dr P. Sasi Kiran
Associate Professor Professor
3. Objective :-
An industrialist client is charged a penalty if the plant power factor
drops below 0.85. The equivalent plant loads are as shown in figure
below . The frequency is 60hz.
a.Determine Pt and Qt .
b.Determine what value of capacitance (in microfarads) is required to
bring the power factor upto 0.85.
c.Determine generator current before and after correction.
Principles and methodologies :-
Improving the PF can maximize current-carrying capacity, improve voltage to
equipment, reduce power losses, and lower electric bills. The simplest way
to improve power factor is to add PF correction capacitors to the electrical
system. PF correction capacitors act as reactive current generators.
There are three popular circuit analysis methods. All three produce the same
answer.
Direct application of the fundamental laws (Ohm's Law and Kirchhoff's
Laws)
Node Voltage Method
Mesh Current Method and its close relative, the Loop Current Method
4. The first method, direct application of the fundamental laws, is quick and
works very well for simple circuits. It is not particularly efficient in terms of
the total amount of work required, which becomes important as circuits
become more complicated.
Engineers have come up with two elegant ways to organize and streamline
circuit analysis: the Node Voltage Method and the Mesh Current Method.
These are general-purpose step-by-step recipes to solve a circuit. Both
methods attempt to minimize the number of simultaneous equations. This
efficiency has a big impact as circuit complexity grows (more and more
nodes and branches). The Loop Current Method is a close relative of the
Mesh method, used in certain special cases, as described in that article.
As we study the methods of circuit analysis, our example circuits are made
of only resistors and ideal sources. This keeps the math relatively simple,
allowing us to concentrate on the strategies for solving a circuit.
Necessity of solving the given objective.
There are many necessary conditions to solve the above problem .from that
problems we can solve the powerfactor problems that which is lagging and
from this type of problems we can understand the faults.
From these we can overcome the faults occurring in the system.
We can able to solve many problems arising in ther power generating
stations.by knowing the parameters of the company,
So from thesewe can easily analyse the condition of the plant.in which it is
running.
Average industrial loads include many motors, so the recognized standard is
0.8 lagging power factor. Leading power factor is practically unattainable
with today's loads
The key here is to keep in mind PF will affect the genset's overall output
capability.
5. Problem formulation and Theoretical calculations of
the objective.
According to the given problem
Given data,
Powerfactor=0.85 lagging
Motorload=80kw
Ia(electric furnace)=150A
Resistance(Ra)= 2.4ohms
Reactance(Xa)=3.2ohms
Lighting power =12kw ac voltage = 600V
The power in the furnace == P=I2*R
=150*150*2.4
=54kw
Q= I2*Xa = 150*150*3.2 = 72kvar
ᴓ =cos−1(0.8) = 36.9degrees
The reactive power = Qm = Pm*tan𝜃𝑚 = 80*tan36.9
60kvar
The total power in the equipment =
Pt = 12kw+54kw+80kw
Pt = 146kw
The total reactive power in the equipment is =
Qt = 0+72kvar+60 kvar
Qt =132 kvar
6. b. The value of capacitance required is
𝜃2 = cos−1(0.85) = 31.8
𝜃2 = Pt*tan 𝜃2 =146*tan31.8
= 90.5kvar
C=
𝑄𝑐
𝜔𝑣𝑟𝑚𝑠2
=
41.5∗10∗10∗10
2∗𝑝𝑖∗60∗60
=306uf
C. The Generator current is
Qt =132kvar
b.power triangle of the plant after correction
𝑆𝑡 = 196.8kva
I =
St
𝑣
=
196.8𝑘𝑣𝑎
600𝑣
St = 171.8kva
I =
St
𝑣
=
171.8𝑘𝑣𝑎
600𝑣
= 286A
Therefore
The corrected charge in the power plant is 146kw and 132kvar.
196.8kvar
Pt = 146kvar
Power triangle of the plant
Qt = Pt *tan𝜃
905kw
171.8kw
Pt = 146kw
10. The characteristics of a split phase motor
Summarized observations :-
from the above observations I have observed many things
the voltage across the furnace has been increased and the only real power is
been consumed in the whole circuit and in the motors also there had only a
inductive load across the motor and due to the lagging powerfactor the real
power consumption has taken place in a more. So from these we can
understand that Improving the PF can maximize current-carrying
capacity, improve voltage to equipment, reduce power losses, and
lower electric bills. The simplest way to improve power factor is to
add PF correction capacitors to the electrical system. PF correction capacitors
act as reactive current generators.
CONCLUSION :-
from these project we can understand that Lagging power factor, where
current lags voltage, is normally the case. Power factor is the ratio of kW to
kVA and is typically. 8 or 80% lagging power factor for 3-phase systems and
1.0, or unity power factor, for 1-phase systems. Loads that cause
'leading power factor' can cause some issues.