This document provides an introduction to smart grids. It defines a smart grid as an electricity network that intelligently integrates generators and consumers to efficiently deliver sustainable, economic and secure power. The document outlines the historical development of grids, the functions and features of smart grids, and opportunities they provide like integrating electric vehicles and renewable energy. It also discusses barriers to smart grids like cost and technology integration challenges. Benefits over conventional grids include active consumer participation and optimization of resources. The document concludes by discussing India's smart city projects and how smart grids can help reduce carbon emissions.

1. CHAPTER 1
SMART GRID
INTRODUCTIONBy
Utsav Yagnik
Yagnik Ajudia
ME SEMESTER 4
SSEC, BHAVNAGAR

2. OUTLINE
• Historical viewpoints
• What is SMART GRID??
• Functions of Smart Grid
• Features of Smart Grid
• Opportunities of Smart Grid
• Barriers
• Benefits of smart grid over Conventional Grid
• Clean Development Mechanism(CDM)
• ElectriNetSM
• Smart Grid = Green Grid???
• Conclusion
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3. HISTORICAL VIEWPOINTS[1]
• Earlier in the power industry(20th century), the main aim of electricity
was
 To provide sufficient electricity wherever and whenever the demand
is there
 But it changed(Mid 20th century)
 To provide cleaner and more efficient power having diversified
demands due to expansion of electrical networks and increase in the
variety of appliances.
 Then it evolved(Early 21st century to now)
 Increased number of appliances and electronic revolution  Sudden
increase in the demand 3
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4. HISTORICAL VIEWPOINTS & NEED OF
SMART GRID[1]
• Also,
 The world electrical system has operated successfully over the past century
depending upon historical data and good estimates.
 So, real time data was not required to run such widespread and delicate
system until now.
• But,
 With innovations such as EVs(Electric Vehicles), Communication
apparatuses, HVACs etc., the demand will be increasing more than ever.
• So,
 Rather than only “Load sharing” & “Load shedding”, “Load shaving” is also
required
 Load shaving can be done efficiently by only getting “Real Time Data” and
accurate operation of available and to be included appliances in the system
i.e. SMART GRID
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5. WHAT IS SMART GRID??
• In a laymen language we can say that….
 Including the digital layer in the analogue structure of electrical system
which can react to wide spectrum of abnormalities in the most efficient
way.[2]
• According to “EU Smart Grids Technology Platform”, [3]
 A smart grid is called “electricity network which intelligently integrates the
actions of generators and consumers connected to it in order to efficiently
deliver sustainable, economic and secure electricity supplies”
• According to “US Department of Energy”, [3]
 “A smart grid is self healing, enables active participation of consumers,
operates resiliently against attack and natural disasters, accommodates all
generation and storage options, enables introduction of new products, services
and markets, optimizes asset utilization and operates efficiently, provides
power quality for the digital economy”
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6. FUNCTIONS OF SMART GRID[4]
• Smart device interface
• Digital Data Storage
• Transmission subsystem
• Monitoring and Control Technology
• Intelligent grid distribution subsystem
• Demand side Management
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7. FEATURES[2]
• Reliability
• Flexibility in network topology
• Efficiency
 Load adjustment
 Peak shifting/shaving
• Sustainability
• Market enabling
 Demand response support
 Platform for advance service
 Communication network setup for control and operation
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8. OPPORTUNITIES OF SMART
GRID[5]
• Real time analysis can be done which can further help in better forecasting
and operation of the grid
• Conventional system can be upgraded to the advanced system
• Increased load sharing by using more penetrated Photovoltaic system
• Energy storage can be increased by using fuel cells
• Beneficial usage of appliances for the end user
• EVs(Electric Vehicles) integration projects
• Smart metering infrastructure
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9. BARRIERS[5]
• Economic
 Higher investment
 Higher running cost
• Social
 Lack of awareness
 Violation of privacy
 Illiteracy in terms of technical knowledge
• Technical barriers
 Malfunctioning of appliances
 Difficulties of integration of various type of energies
• Regulatory barriers
 Data handling difficulties
 Limited multitasking difficulties
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10. BENEFITS OF SMART GRID OVER
CONVENTIONAL GRID[4]
• Active consumer participation
• Plug and play convenience
• More focus on Power Quality as well as a win-win situation
• Optimization of available resources
• Better anticipation of future load for self healing feature
• Modernisation of security consciousness
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11. RECENT DEVELOPMENT OF
SMART CITIES IN INDIA
• Total 109 cities selected for project in India
• Out of which in Gujarat, Dholera SIR is an ongoing project and according
to smartcities.gov.inities.gov.in, 6 more projects will be alloted to Gujarat
for smart grid
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12. CLEAN DEVELOPMENT
MECHANISM(CDM)
• It is a protocol to be followed by developing countries to reduce their carbon
emission.
• It was defined in Kyoto Protocol(IPCC 2007).
• Since India is an developing country, the protocol applies to India as well
• By applying EVs in the system, the carbon emission can be reduced
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13. ELECTRINETSM
[8]
Low Carbon Generation Smart Grids
Electric Transportation Local Energy Networks
ElectriNetSM
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14. SMART GRID = GREEN
GRID???[9]
• Based on the simulation done by R. Hledik suggests that national lower
carbon emission will occur if a conservative and technologically competitive
approach is taken.
• It suggests to reduce the carbon emission by 5% by 2030 in U.S.
• So, if similar steps are followed in India, we can also achieve lower carbon
emission
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15. REFERENCES
1. F. P. Sioshansi, “Smart grid : Integrating Renewable, Distributed &
Efficient Energy”, Academic Press, Elsevier, 2012.
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_grid#Definition_of_.22smart_grid.2
2
3. N. Hadjsaid, J.C. Sabonnadière, “Smart Grids”, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
2012
4. J. Momoh, “Smart Grid: Fundamentals of Design and Analysis”, John
Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012
5. http://greatproject.eu.com
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16. REFERENCES
6. smartcities.gov.inities.gov.in
7. Grid Integration of Electric Vehicles and Demand
Response With Customer Choice, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID,
VOL. 3, NO. 1, MARCH 2012
8. C.W.Jennings, “The Smart Grid: Enabling Energy Efficiency and Demand
Response”, CRC Press, 2012
9. R. Hledik, How Green Is the Smart Grid?, The Electricity Journel, Elsevier,
Vol. 22, Issue 3, pp 29-41, 2009
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17. THANK YOU
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