The document discusses power supplies and the differences between IDE and SATA interfaces. It provides details on how power supplies work, converting alternating current to direct current and regulating voltage. While SATA allows higher bandwidths than IDE, a SATA hard drive is not necessarily faster as most drives cannot sustain speeds above IDE's maximum throughput. The key difference is that SATA uses fewer pins and a simpler serial interface compared to the older parallel IDE interface.

1. Soran University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of chemical engineering
Name: Abdulsamad Alhamawande
Stage: 1
Subject: Computing For engineering
Title: Power supply and (Sata and Pata)
Teacher's Subject: Shireen Mansour
2014-2015

2. Description of power supply:
A power supply is a hardware component that supplies power to an electrical device.
It receives power from an electrical outlet and converts the current from AC
(alternating current) to DC (direct current), which is what the computer requires. It
also regulates the voltage to an adequate amount, which allows the computer to run
smoothly without overheating. The power supply an integral part of any computer
and must function correctly for the rest of the components to work.
You can locate the power supply on a system unit by simply finding the input where
the power cord is plugged in. Without opening your computer, this is typically the
only part of the power supply you will see. If you were to remove the power supply, it
would look like a metal box with a fan inside and some cables attached to it. Of
course, you should never have to remove the power supply, so it's best to leave it in
the case.
While most computers have internal power supplies, many electronic devices use
external ones. For example, some monitors and external hard drives have power

3. supplies that reside outside the main unit. These power supplies are connected
directly to the cable that plugs into the wall. They often include another cable that
connects the device to the power supply. Some power supplies, often called "AC
adaptors," are connected directly to the plug (which can make them difficult to plug
in where space is limited). Both of these designs allow the main device to be smaller
or sleeker by moving the power supply outside the unit.
Since the power supply is the first place an electronic device receives electricity, it is
also the most vulnerable to power surges and spikes. Therefore, power supplies are
designed to handle fluctuations in electrical current and still provide a regulated or
consistent power output. Some include fuses that will blow if the surge is too great,
protecting the rest of the equipment. After all, it is much cheaper to replace a power
supply than an entire computer. Still, it is wise to connect all electronics to a surge
protector or UPS to keep them from being damaged by electrical surges.
How power supply work:
Even though power supply units are the most critical part of almost every electronic device,
being a component absolutely vital to their operation, they rarely are given the attention they
deserve. Almost no technology equipment can operate without them since electronic devices
cannot operate using the utility grid AC voltage, which also varies in level and frequency
depending on your position on the planet.
There are more than eight types of power supplies currently available; in this article we are
going to focus on only the two types available for household and business
equipment: linear and switching power supplies.
Several people may believe the power supplies are limited to computer applications. That is
incorrect since almost every piece of technology need a power supply to operate. Some
examples include and are not limited to your phone charger, your TV and your alarm clock.
As we mentioned before, no electronic equipment can operate on AC voltage. It is the power
supply's job to convert AC voltage to another form, suitable for the equipment. Or, to be even
more accurate, the definition of a power supply is that "it is an apparatus designed to convert
one form of electric energy to another".
The vast majority of users are simply not aware of the presence of power supplies because
they are integrated into the equipment. Most of them are not replaceable because those
devices have no expandability or upgradeability and are (hopefully!) designed to exceed the
product's lifetime. For example, you cannot replace the power supply of your TV because
there is no way to upgrade or expand your TV and force it to require more power, meaning
that ultimately there is no reason to perform a power supply upgrade. Computers are an
entirely different matter; they are fully expandable and customizable, meaning that not only
each and every one of them has different power needs but that the needs of every single
computer can be altered several times during its operational lifetime.
A power supply transforming the utility grid AC voltage to DC voltage for the equipment to use
must perform certain functions at the highest possible efficiency and at the lowest possible
cost. The basic functions usually are:
1. Rectification – Convert the input AC voltage to DC voltage.
2. Voltage transformation – Adjust the supplied voltage to the required levels.
3. Filtering – Smoothen the ripple of the supplied voltage.
4. Regulation – Control the supplied voltage regardless of line, load and / or
temperatures changes.
5. Isolation – Electrically isolate the input voltage source from the output.
6. Protection – Prevent any damaging power phenomena from reaching or take effect at
the output.

4. How convert electric power Supply:
In electrical engineering, power engineering and the electric power industry, power
conversion is converting electric energy from one form to another, converting
between ACand DC, or just changing the voltage or frequency, or some combination of these.
A power converter is an electrical or electro-mechanical device for converting electrical
energy. This could be as simple as a transformer to change the voltage of AC power, but also
includes far more complex systems. The term can also refer to a class of electrical machinery
that is used to convert one frequency of alternating current into another frequency.
Power conversion systems often incorporate redundancy and voltage regulation.
One way of classifying power conversion systems is according to whether the input and
output are alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC), thus:
1) DC to DC:
a) DC-to-DC converter
b) Voltage regulator
c) Linear regulator
2) AC to DC:
a) Rectifier
b) Mains power supply unit (PSU)
c) Switched-mode power supply
3) DC to AC:
a) Inverter
4) AC to AC:
a) Transformer/autotransformer
b) Voltage converter
c) Voltage regulator
d) Cycloconverter
e) Variable-frequency transformer
There are also devices and methods to convert between power systems designed for single
and three-phase operation.
The standard power frequency varies from country to country, and sometimes within a
country. In North America and northern South America it is usually 60 hertz (Hz), but in many
other parts of the world, is usually 50 Hz.[1] Aircraft often use 400 Hz power, so 50 Hz or

5. 60 Hz to 400 Hz frequency conversion is needed for use in the ground power unit used to
power the airplane while it is on the ground.
Certain specialized circuits, such as the flyback transformer for a CRT, can also be
considered power converters.
Consumer electronics usually include an AC adapter (a type of power supply) to convert
mains-voltage AC current to low-voltage DC suitable for consumption by microchips.
Consumer voltage converters (also known as "travel converters") are used when travelling
between countries that use ~120V vs. ~240V AC mains power. (There are also consumer
"adapters" which merely form an electrical connection between two differently shaped AC
power plugs and sockets, but these change neither voltage nor frequency.)
What is the difference between IDE and SATA:
The physical drives are the same, but they have different controller cards and interfaces on them
The Serial ATA interface uses a high speed connection with only four pins -- the IDE (ParallelATA)
interface uses 40 pins.
SATA interface bandwidths are 150 MB/s or 300 MB/s, IDE bandwidths are 100 MB/s or 133 MB/s.
But that's not the whole story on speed.
Contrary to what others will answer, a SATA hard drive is not faster than an IDE hard drive of the
same design. Why? Because most hard drive mechanisms are not fast enough to keep up with even the
100 MB/s throughput of the IDE interface. Hard drives can generally transfer 70 - 90 MB/s, only a
couple of models can reach 105 MB/s in ideal conditions. (plus, hard drive performance slows down by
as much as half as the drive fills up).
So SATA by itself does not make the drive faster. It's like saying my Volkswagen has a top speed of
120 MPH in fifth gear, and if I put racing tires on it rated for 240 MPH, I should be able to go twice the
speed. Right?
When higher speed drives and Flash-based drives are introduced with higher than 100 MB's sustained
performance, then the interface will start to make a difference.
Reference:
SATA.htm-and-IDE-between-difference-the-is-yourself/What-it-http://canadaram.com/do
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_conversion
work/11366.html/3-supplies-power-zone.com/articles/how-http://vr