The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Design of integrated multistage dc dc convrtereSAT Journals
Abstract Due to the functionality increase of modern battery powered portable devices, the battery life is an important issue. To extend the battery life, an efficient voltage regulator (VR) is required. In this paper discusses the employment of two-stage architecture on the design of point-of-load (POL) Dc- Dc converters. At first, the paper discusses the benefits of an integrated two-stage step-down converter with example to clarify the benefits of the design over one-stage approach. The results of two-stage converter are to be compared with the one-stage approach in addition to size and cost reduction. Then, the benefits of replacing boost converters by integrated two-stage step-up converters are discussed followed by a design example for two-stage step-up converter. The circuits are to be simulated and compared with the help of MATLAB/SIMULINK. Keywords: voltage regulator (VR), point-of-load (POL), MATLAB/SIMULINK
SRF CONTROLLED DVR FOR COMPENSATION OF BALANCED AND UNBALANCED VOLTAGE DISTUR...IAEME Publication
The growth of power electronictechnology in the field of electric power sector has caused a greater awarenesson the power quality of distribution systems. With the re-structuring of powersystems and with shifting trend towards distributed and dispersed generation,the issue of power quality is going to take newer dimensions. The presentresearch is to identify the prominent concerns in this area and hence themeasures that can enhance the quality of power. This paper investigates theproblems of voltage sag, swell and its severe impact on nonlinear loads,sensitive loads.
DESIGN OF A MULTIFUNCTIONAL FLYBACK DC-DC CONVERTER WITH CURRENT CONTROLIAEME Publication
This paper proposes a set of design techniques to build a DC-DC converter for the interconnection of different sources of renewable energy with storage elements and flexible load profiles. This type of multifunctional DC-DC converter is essential to provide the dispatch of energy generation to storage connected to the DC bus or allow energy exchange with the AC network, with different decision modes as a function of the state of charge of batteries, with the forecast of the consumption of a house with renewable production. This work emphasizes the application of a method to design switched mode flyback converters with current control capabilities on the output side.
Design of Half Bridge LLC Resonant Converter for Low Voltage Dc ApplicationsIOSRJEEE
An advanced hybrid LLC series resonant converter with united flying-capacitor cell is proposed in this paper to permit the high step-down conversion in the high input voltage applications. The in-built flyingcapacitor branch in the primary side can efficiently share out the primary switch voltage stress related with the half-bridge LLC converters. And the input voltage can be shared correspondingly and automatically between the two series half-bridge components lacking additional balance circuit or control strategies owing to the built-in flying- capacitor cell. Likewise, the inherent soft switching performance in extensive load range that exists in the LLC converters is still kept to decrease the switching losses, which ensures the high efficiency. In addition, the proposed converter can be comprehensive to reduce the switch voltage stress byemploying stacked connection. Finally, a 500∼640 Vinput 48 Voutput 1 kW prototype is built and tested to verify the efficiency of the proposed converter. The results prove that the proposed converter is an excellent candidate for the high input voltage and high step-down dc/dc conversion systems.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Design of integrated multistage dc dc convrtereSAT Journals
Abstract Due to the functionality increase of modern battery powered portable devices, the battery life is an important issue. To extend the battery life, an efficient voltage regulator (VR) is required. In this paper discusses the employment of two-stage architecture on the design of point-of-load (POL) Dc- Dc converters. At first, the paper discusses the benefits of an integrated two-stage step-down converter with example to clarify the benefits of the design over one-stage approach. The results of two-stage converter are to be compared with the one-stage approach in addition to size and cost reduction. Then, the benefits of replacing boost converters by integrated two-stage step-up converters are discussed followed by a design example for two-stage step-up converter. The circuits are to be simulated and compared with the help of MATLAB/SIMULINK. Keywords: voltage regulator (VR), point-of-load (POL), MATLAB/SIMULINK
SRF CONTROLLED DVR FOR COMPENSATION OF BALANCED AND UNBALANCED VOLTAGE DISTUR...IAEME Publication
The growth of power electronictechnology in the field of electric power sector has caused a greater awarenesson the power quality of distribution systems. With the re-structuring of powersystems and with shifting trend towards distributed and dispersed generation,the issue of power quality is going to take newer dimensions. The presentresearch is to identify the prominent concerns in this area and hence themeasures that can enhance the quality of power. This paper investigates theproblems of voltage sag, swell and its severe impact on nonlinear loads,sensitive loads.
DESIGN OF A MULTIFUNCTIONAL FLYBACK DC-DC CONVERTER WITH CURRENT CONTROLIAEME Publication
This paper proposes a set of design techniques to build a DC-DC converter for the interconnection of different sources of renewable energy with storage elements and flexible load profiles. This type of multifunctional DC-DC converter is essential to provide the dispatch of energy generation to storage connected to the DC bus or allow energy exchange with the AC network, with different decision modes as a function of the state of charge of batteries, with the forecast of the consumption of a house with renewable production. This work emphasizes the application of a method to design switched mode flyback converters with current control capabilities on the output side.
Design of Half Bridge LLC Resonant Converter for Low Voltage Dc ApplicationsIOSRJEEE
An advanced hybrid LLC series resonant converter with united flying-capacitor cell is proposed in this paper to permit the high step-down conversion in the high input voltage applications. The in-built flyingcapacitor branch in the primary side can efficiently share out the primary switch voltage stress related with the half-bridge LLC converters. And the input voltage can be shared correspondingly and automatically between the two series half-bridge components lacking additional balance circuit or control strategies owing to the built-in flying- capacitor cell. Likewise, the inherent soft switching performance in extensive load range that exists in the LLC converters is still kept to decrease the switching losses, which ensures the high efficiency. In addition, the proposed converter can be comprehensive to reduce the switch voltage stress byemploying stacked connection. Finally, a 500∼640 Vinput 48 Voutput 1 kW prototype is built and tested to verify the efficiency of the proposed converter. The results prove that the proposed converter is an excellent candidate for the high input voltage and high step-down dc/dc conversion systems.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
The strategy is based on an autonomous distributed control
scheme in which the DC bus voltage level is used as an indicator of the power balance in the
microgrid. The autonomous control strategy does not rely on communication links or a
central controller, resulting in reduced costs and enhanced reliability. As part of the control
strategy, an adaptive droop control technique is proposed for PV sources in order to
maximize the utilization of power available from these sources while ensuring acceptable
levels of system voltage regulation
The strategy is based on an autonomous distributed control
scheme in which the DC bus voltage level is used as an indicator of the power balance in the
microgrid. The autonomous control strategy does not rely on communication links or a
central controller, resulting in reduced costs and enhanced reliability. As part of the control
strategy, an adaptive droop control technique is proposed for PV sources in order to
maximize the utilization of power available from these sources while ensuring acceptable
levels of system voltage regulation
This paper presents the design and operation of three-stage buck-boost converter with high gain soft switching using closed loop proportional integral (PI) controller. The proposed converter is designed by arranging three identical buck-boost converters working in parallel. The converter units are connected to each other by an inductor as a bridge. This inductor plays a vital role in soft switching operation of converter by maintaining the voltage applied to switches at zero voltage at switching intervals, i.e., the zero-voltage switching (ZVS). The closed-loop system is designed by PI controller, and it maintains the output constant irrespective of changes in input, and the system becomes stable. The proposed converter is efficient in reducing switching losses, leading to improved converter efficiency. Due to parallel operation of three identical converters, the output voltage and input current contain fewer ripples than those of a single converter with same specifications. Proposed converter is more economical and reliable with simpler structure as it utilizes only two inductors as extra elements. The design and analysis of proposed circuit has been carried out in MATLAB Simulink by operating the circuit in various modes.
Simulation and Comparison of DVR and DSTATCOM Used for voltage sag mitigation...paperpublications3
Abstract: Power Quality problem in a system leads to various disturbances such as voltage fluctuations, transients and waveform distortions that results in a mis-operation or a failure of end user equipment. There are different types of custom power devices like Distribution Static Compensator (D-STATCOM) and Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) which can effectively use for mitigation of different type of power quality problems. This paper describes the technique of correcting the supply voltage sag distributed system and also describes performance comparison are presented between DVR and DSTATCOM to know how both the devices successfully been applied to power system for regulating system voltage effectively. DSTATCOM and DVR both of them based on VSI principle. A DVR is a series compensation device which injects a voltage in series with system and a DSTATCOM is a shunt compensation device which injects a current into the system to correct the power quality problems. This paper presents a power system operation with PI controller with abc to dq0 convertor approach. Total Harmonics Distortion (THD) is also calculated for the system with and without compensation. Results are presented to assess the performance of devices as a potential custom power solution. Improve dynamic voltage control and thus increase system load ability. This paper presents modeling and simulation of DVR & DSTATCOM in MATLAB/Simulink.
This paper presents a real-time emulator of a dual permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive implemented on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) board for supervision and observation purposes. In order to increase the reliability of the drive, a sensorless speed control method is proposed. This method allows replacing the physical sensor while guaranteeing a satisfactory operation even in faulty conditions. The novelty of the proposed approach consists of an FPGA implementation of an emulator to control the actual system. Hence, this emulator operates in real-time with actual system control in healthy or faulty mode. It gives an observation of the speed rotation in case of fault for the sake of continuity of service. The observation of the rotor position and the speed are achieved using the dSPACE DS52030D digital platform with a digital signal processor (DSP) associated with a Xilinx FPGA.
This paper presents the design and the implementation of a new microcontroller-based solar
Power inverter. The aim of this paper is to design single phase inverter which can convert DC voltage
to AC voltage at high efficiency and low cost. Solar and wind powered electricity generation are
being favored nowadays as the world increasingly focuses on environmental concerns. Power
inverters, which convert solar-cell DC into domestic-use AC, are one of the key technologies for
delivering efficient AC power The hardware and software design are oriented towards a single-chip
microcontroller-based system, hence minimizing the size and cost. With this new approach the
modularization of the conversion from solar power to electric power at its maximum power point can
be made more compact and more reliable.
Design of an Integrated Power Factor Converter with PI Controller for Low Pow...IOSRJEEE
In this paper, an integrated power factor converter with PI controller is proposed. The circuit topology is obtained by integrating two converters namely the buck converter and a boost converter. The boost converter is normally a step up converter which obtain an unity power factor and performs low harmonics at the input. Based on the simple circuit topology and easy control the boost converter or buck-boost converter is used as power factor correctors. Similarly the buck converter regulates the dc-link voltage and provide a stable dc output voltage. To achieve unity power factor, the output voltage of both converter should be higher than the amplitude of the ac line voltage. The steady -state analysis is developed and a design is provided
Dynamic model of A DC-DC quasi-Z-source converter (q-ZSC)IJECEIAES
Two quasi-Z-source DC-DC converters (q-ZSCs) with buck-boost converter gain were recently proposed. The converters have advantages of continuous gain curve, higher gain magnitude and buck-boost operation at efficient duty ratio range when compared with existing q-ZSCs. Accurate dynamic models of these converters are needed for global and detailed overview by understanding their operation limits and effects of components sizes. A dynamic model of one of these converters is proposed here by first deriving the gain equation, state equations and state space model. A generalized small signal model was also derived before localizing it to this topology. The transfer functions (TF) were all derived, the poles and zeros analyzed with the boundaries for stable operations presented and discussed. Some of the findings include existence of right-hand plane (RHP) zero in the duty ratio to output capacitor voltage TF. This is common to the Z-source and quasi-Z-source topologies and implies control limitations. Parasitic resistances of the capacitors and inductors affect the nature and positions of the poles and zeros. It was also found and verified that rather than symmetric components, use of carefully selected smaller asymmetric components L1 and C1 produces less parasitic voltage drop, higher output voltage and current under the same conditions, thus better efficiency and performance at reduced cost, size and weight.
HIGH EFFICIENT BRIDGELESS BOOST RECTIFIER FOR LOW VOLTAGE ENERGY HARVESTING A...IAEME Publication
A single phase ac-dc bridgeless boost rectifier for low voltage energy harvesting applications is proposed in this paper. The conventional bridge type boost converters for low voltage energy harvesting requires more components hence they suffer from high power loss and require more number of energy storage components like inductors and capacitors. Conventional converters can be modeled for boost operation or buck-boost operation alone. The proposed converter overcomes the above mentioned draw backs of conventional converter. Detailed analysis of proposed convertor is also presented under boost, buck-boost mode operations. The proposed converter operation is analyzed using MATLAB/SIMULINK environment both open loop and closed loop conditions.
Transformer less Boost Converter Topologies with Improved Voltage Gain Operat...IJMER
In this project, a new step up converter proposed in a recent work is analyzed, designed, simulated with MATLAB Simulink. Conventional dc–dc boost converters are unable to provide high step-up voltage gains due to the effect of power switches, rectifier diodes, and the equivalent series resistance of inductors and capacitors. This paper proposes transformer less dc–dc converters to achieve high step-up voltage gain without an extremely high duty ratio. In the proposed converters, two inductors with the same level of inductance are charged in parallel during the switch-on period and are discharged in series during the switch-off period. The structures of the proposed converters are very simple.
A Modified Bridgeless Converter for SRM Drive with Reduced Ripple CurrentIJPEDS-IAES
A Single Phase Switched Reluctance Motor is more popular in many
industrial purposes for high speed applications because of its robust and
rugged construction. For low cost and variable speed drive applications SRM
are widely used.Due to doubly salient structure of motor, the torque
pulsations are high when compared to other sinusoidal machines. The major
drawback in using SRM drive is torque pulsations and increased number of
switching components. In order to overcome these drawbacks, a bridgeless
Single Ended Primary Inductor Converter (SEPIC) is proposed. The major
advantages of this converter are continuous output current, smaller voltage
ripple and reduced semiconductor current stress when compared to the
conventional SEPIC converter. The ripple free input current is obtained by
using additional winding of input inductor and auxiliary capacitors. To
achieve high efficiency, active power factor correction circuits (PFC) are
employed to precise the power factor. Further, the unity power factor can be
obtained by making the input current during switching period proportional to
the input voltage is proposed. The proposed system consists of reduced
components and it is also capable of reducing the conduction losses. The
working principles and the waveforms of proposed converter are analyzed.
To analyze the circuit operation, theoretical analysis and simulation results
are provided. Finally, the comparison between the waveforms of
conventional SEPIC and proposed system is presented by using
MATLAB/Simulink tools.
A Three Phase AC-AC ZCS Resonant Converter for Induction HeatingIJMTST Journal
Generally, domestic induction-heating technology requires a high output power levels with less number of
components in a compact size. To satisfy these requirements, the basic circuit configurations are considered
based on the combination of a rectifier and a inverter. The main disadvantage of this method has low-efficient
and economic problems. This paper proposes a new concept unlike previous method, i.e the direct conversion
of ac–ac converter for reducing the component count, reduce cost, improve reliability, and also efficiency.
Generally, the proposed converter is a voltage-source based series-resonant converter used for controlling
output power, and minimizing the control complexity. This paper also proposes a concept of AC-AC converter
based three phase Induction Heating applications.
This paper presents a comprehensive and systematic approach in developing a new switching look-up table for direct power control (DPC) strategy applied to the three-phase grid connected three-level neutral-point clamped (3L-NPC) pulse width modulated (PWM) rectifier. The term of PWM rectifier used in this paper is also known as AC-DC converter. The approach provides detailed information regarding the effects of each multilevel converter space vector to the distribution of input active and reactive power in the converter system. Thus, the most optimal converter space vectors are able to be selected by the switching look-up table, allowing smooth control of the active and reactive powers for each sector. In addition, the proposed DPC utilizes an NPC capacitor balanced strategy to enhance the performance of front-end AC-DC converter during load and supply voltage disturbances. The steady state as well as the dynamic performances of the proposed DPC are presented and analyzed by using MATLAB/Simulink software. The results show that the AC-DC converter utilizing the new look-up table is able to produce almost sinusoidal line currents with lower current total harmonic distortion, unity power factor operation, adjustable DC-link output voltage and good dynamic response during load disturbance.
“MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF DC-DC CONVERTER FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEM” Final...8381801685
This project portrays a comparative analysis of DC-DC Converters for Renewable Energy System. The electrolysis method which increases the hydrogen production and storage rate from wind-PV systems. It has been proved that DC-DC converter with transformer has the desirable features for electrolyser application. The converter operates in lagging PF mode for a very wide change in load and supply voltage variations, thus ensuring ZVS for all the primary switches. The peak current through the switches decreases with load current.This paper portrays a comparative analysis of DC-DC Converters for Renewable Energy System . The simulation and experimental results show that the power gain obtained by this method clearly increases the hydrogen production and storage rate from wind-PV systems. It has been proved that DC-DC converter with transformer has the desirable features for electrolyser application. Theoretical predictions of the selected configuration have been compared with the MATLAB simulation results. The simulation and experimental results indicate that the output of the inverter is nearly sinusoidal. The output of rectifier is pure DC due to the presence of LC filter at the output. It can be seen that the efficiency of DC-DC converter with transformer is 15% higher than the converter without transformer.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
The strategy is based on an autonomous distributed control
scheme in which the DC bus voltage level is used as an indicator of the power balance in the
microgrid. The autonomous control strategy does not rely on communication links or a
central controller, resulting in reduced costs and enhanced reliability. As part of the control
strategy, an adaptive droop control technique is proposed for PV sources in order to
maximize the utilization of power available from these sources while ensuring acceptable
levels of system voltage regulation
The strategy is based on an autonomous distributed control
scheme in which the DC bus voltage level is used as an indicator of the power balance in the
microgrid. The autonomous control strategy does not rely on communication links or a
central controller, resulting in reduced costs and enhanced reliability. As part of the control
strategy, an adaptive droop control technique is proposed for PV sources in order to
maximize the utilization of power available from these sources while ensuring acceptable
levels of system voltage regulation
This paper presents the design and operation of three-stage buck-boost converter with high gain soft switching using closed loop proportional integral (PI) controller. The proposed converter is designed by arranging three identical buck-boost converters working in parallel. The converter units are connected to each other by an inductor as a bridge. This inductor plays a vital role in soft switching operation of converter by maintaining the voltage applied to switches at zero voltage at switching intervals, i.e., the zero-voltage switching (ZVS). The closed-loop system is designed by PI controller, and it maintains the output constant irrespective of changes in input, and the system becomes stable. The proposed converter is efficient in reducing switching losses, leading to improved converter efficiency. Due to parallel operation of three identical converters, the output voltage and input current contain fewer ripples than those of a single converter with same specifications. Proposed converter is more economical and reliable with simpler structure as it utilizes only two inductors as extra elements. The design and analysis of proposed circuit has been carried out in MATLAB Simulink by operating the circuit in various modes.
Simulation and Comparison of DVR and DSTATCOM Used for voltage sag mitigation...paperpublications3
Abstract: Power Quality problem in a system leads to various disturbances such as voltage fluctuations, transients and waveform distortions that results in a mis-operation or a failure of end user equipment. There are different types of custom power devices like Distribution Static Compensator (D-STATCOM) and Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) which can effectively use for mitigation of different type of power quality problems. This paper describes the technique of correcting the supply voltage sag distributed system and also describes performance comparison are presented between DVR and DSTATCOM to know how both the devices successfully been applied to power system for regulating system voltage effectively. DSTATCOM and DVR both of them based on VSI principle. A DVR is a series compensation device which injects a voltage in series with system and a DSTATCOM is a shunt compensation device which injects a current into the system to correct the power quality problems. This paper presents a power system operation with PI controller with abc to dq0 convertor approach. Total Harmonics Distortion (THD) is also calculated for the system with and without compensation. Results are presented to assess the performance of devices as a potential custom power solution. Improve dynamic voltage control and thus increase system load ability. This paper presents modeling and simulation of DVR & DSTATCOM in MATLAB/Simulink.
This paper presents a real-time emulator of a dual permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive implemented on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) board for supervision and observation purposes. In order to increase the reliability of the drive, a sensorless speed control method is proposed. This method allows replacing the physical sensor while guaranteeing a satisfactory operation even in faulty conditions. The novelty of the proposed approach consists of an FPGA implementation of an emulator to control the actual system. Hence, this emulator operates in real-time with actual system control in healthy or faulty mode. It gives an observation of the speed rotation in case of fault for the sake of continuity of service. The observation of the rotor position and the speed are achieved using the dSPACE DS52030D digital platform with a digital signal processor (DSP) associated with a Xilinx FPGA.
This paper presents the design and the implementation of a new microcontroller-based solar
Power inverter. The aim of this paper is to design single phase inverter which can convert DC voltage
to AC voltage at high efficiency and low cost. Solar and wind powered electricity generation are
being favored nowadays as the world increasingly focuses on environmental concerns. Power
inverters, which convert solar-cell DC into domestic-use AC, are one of the key technologies for
delivering efficient AC power The hardware and software design are oriented towards a single-chip
microcontroller-based system, hence minimizing the size and cost. With this new approach the
modularization of the conversion from solar power to electric power at its maximum power point can
be made more compact and more reliable.
Design of an Integrated Power Factor Converter with PI Controller for Low Pow...IOSRJEEE
In this paper, an integrated power factor converter with PI controller is proposed. The circuit topology is obtained by integrating two converters namely the buck converter and a boost converter. The boost converter is normally a step up converter which obtain an unity power factor and performs low harmonics at the input. Based on the simple circuit topology and easy control the boost converter or buck-boost converter is used as power factor correctors. Similarly the buck converter regulates the dc-link voltage and provide a stable dc output voltage. To achieve unity power factor, the output voltage of both converter should be higher than the amplitude of the ac line voltage. The steady -state analysis is developed and a design is provided
Dynamic model of A DC-DC quasi-Z-source converter (q-ZSC)IJECEIAES
Two quasi-Z-source DC-DC converters (q-ZSCs) with buck-boost converter gain were recently proposed. The converters have advantages of continuous gain curve, higher gain magnitude and buck-boost operation at efficient duty ratio range when compared with existing q-ZSCs. Accurate dynamic models of these converters are needed for global and detailed overview by understanding their operation limits and effects of components sizes. A dynamic model of one of these converters is proposed here by first deriving the gain equation, state equations and state space model. A generalized small signal model was also derived before localizing it to this topology. The transfer functions (TF) were all derived, the poles and zeros analyzed with the boundaries for stable operations presented and discussed. Some of the findings include existence of right-hand plane (RHP) zero in the duty ratio to output capacitor voltage TF. This is common to the Z-source and quasi-Z-source topologies and implies control limitations. Parasitic resistances of the capacitors and inductors affect the nature and positions of the poles and zeros. It was also found and verified that rather than symmetric components, use of carefully selected smaller asymmetric components L1 and C1 produces less parasitic voltage drop, higher output voltage and current under the same conditions, thus better efficiency and performance at reduced cost, size and weight.
HIGH EFFICIENT BRIDGELESS BOOST RECTIFIER FOR LOW VOLTAGE ENERGY HARVESTING A...IAEME Publication
A single phase ac-dc bridgeless boost rectifier for low voltage energy harvesting applications is proposed in this paper. The conventional bridge type boost converters for low voltage energy harvesting requires more components hence they suffer from high power loss and require more number of energy storage components like inductors and capacitors. Conventional converters can be modeled for boost operation or buck-boost operation alone. The proposed converter overcomes the above mentioned draw backs of conventional converter. Detailed analysis of proposed convertor is also presented under boost, buck-boost mode operations. The proposed converter operation is analyzed using MATLAB/SIMULINK environment both open loop and closed loop conditions.
Transformer less Boost Converter Topologies with Improved Voltage Gain Operat...IJMER
In this project, a new step up converter proposed in a recent work is analyzed, designed, simulated with MATLAB Simulink. Conventional dc–dc boost converters are unable to provide high step-up voltage gains due to the effect of power switches, rectifier diodes, and the equivalent series resistance of inductors and capacitors. This paper proposes transformer less dc–dc converters to achieve high step-up voltage gain without an extremely high duty ratio. In the proposed converters, two inductors with the same level of inductance are charged in parallel during the switch-on period and are discharged in series during the switch-off period. The structures of the proposed converters are very simple.
A Modified Bridgeless Converter for SRM Drive with Reduced Ripple CurrentIJPEDS-IAES
A Single Phase Switched Reluctance Motor is more popular in many
industrial purposes for high speed applications because of its robust and
rugged construction. For low cost and variable speed drive applications SRM
are widely used.Due to doubly salient structure of motor, the torque
pulsations are high when compared to other sinusoidal machines. The major
drawback in using SRM drive is torque pulsations and increased number of
switching components. In order to overcome these drawbacks, a bridgeless
Single Ended Primary Inductor Converter (SEPIC) is proposed. The major
advantages of this converter are continuous output current, smaller voltage
ripple and reduced semiconductor current stress when compared to the
conventional SEPIC converter. The ripple free input current is obtained by
using additional winding of input inductor and auxiliary capacitors. To
achieve high efficiency, active power factor correction circuits (PFC) are
employed to precise the power factor. Further, the unity power factor can be
obtained by making the input current during switching period proportional to
the input voltage is proposed. The proposed system consists of reduced
components and it is also capable of reducing the conduction losses. The
working principles and the waveforms of proposed converter are analyzed.
To analyze the circuit operation, theoretical analysis and simulation results
are provided. Finally, the comparison between the waveforms of
conventional SEPIC and proposed system is presented by using
MATLAB/Simulink tools.
A Three Phase AC-AC ZCS Resonant Converter for Induction HeatingIJMTST Journal
Generally, domestic induction-heating technology requires a high output power levels with less number of
components in a compact size. To satisfy these requirements, the basic circuit configurations are considered
based on the combination of a rectifier and a inverter. The main disadvantage of this method has low-efficient
and economic problems. This paper proposes a new concept unlike previous method, i.e the direct conversion
of ac–ac converter for reducing the component count, reduce cost, improve reliability, and also efficiency.
Generally, the proposed converter is a voltage-source based series-resonant converter used for controlling
output power, and minimizing the control complexity. This paper also proposes a concept of AC-AC converter
based three phase Induction Heating applications.
This paper presents a comprehensive and systematic approach in developing a new switching look-up table for direct power control (DPC) strategy applied to the three-phase grid connected three-level neutral-point clamped (3L-NPC) pulse width modulated (PWM) rectifier. The term of PWM rectifier used in this paper is also known as AC-DC converter. The approach provides detailed information regarding the effects of each multilevel converter space vector to the distribution of input active and reactive power in the converter system. Thus, the most optimal converter space vectors are able to be selected by the switching look-up table, allowing smooth control of the active and reactive powers for each sector. In addition, the proposed DPC utilizes an NPC capacitor balanced strategy to enhance the performance of front-end AC-DC converter during load and supply voltage disturbances. The steady state as well as the dynamic performances of the proposed DPC are presented and analyzed by using MATLAB/Simulink software. The results show that the AC-DC converter utilizing the new look-up table is able to produce almost sinusoidal line currents with lower current total harmonic distortion, unity power factor operation, adjustable DC-link output voltage and good dynamic response during load disturbance.
“MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF DC-DC CONVERTER FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEM” Final...8381801685
This project portrays a comparative analysis of DC-DC Converters for Renewable Energy System. The electrolysis method which increases the hydrogen production and storage rate from wind-PV systems. It has been proved that DC-DC converter with transformer has the desirable features for electrolyser application. The converter operates in lagging PF mode for a very wide change in load and supply voltage variations, thus ensuring ZVS for all the primary switches. The peak current through the switches decreases with load current.This paper portrays a comparative analysis of DC-DC Converters for Renewable Energy System . The simulation and experimental results show that the power gain obtained by this method clearly increases the hydrogen production and storage rate from wind-PV systems. It has been proved that DC-DC converter with transformer has the desirable features for electrolyser application. Theoretical predictions of the selected configuration have been compared with the MATLAB simulation results. The simulation and experimental results indicate that the output of the inverter is nearly sinusoidal. The output of rectifier is pure DC due to the presence of LC filter at the output. It can be seen that the efficiency of DC-DC converter with transformer is 15% higher than the converter without transformer.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Theoretical work submitted to the Journal should be original in its motivation or modeling structure. Empirical analysis should be based on a theoretical framework and should be capable of replication. It is expected that all materials required for replication (including computer programs and data sets) should be available upon request to the authors.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Theoretical work submitted to the Journal should be original in its motivation or modeling structure. Empirical analysis should be based on a theoretical framework and should be capable of replication. It is expected that all materials required for replication (including computer programs and data sets) should be available upon request to the authors.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Theoretical work submitted to the Journal should be original in its motivation or modeling structure. Empirical analysis should be based on a theoretical framework and should be capable of replication. It is expected that all materials required for replication (including computer programs and data sets) should be available upon request to the authors.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Theoretical work submitted to the Journal should be original in its motivation or modeling structure. Empirical analysis should be based on a theoretical framework and should be capable of replication. It is expected that all materials required for replication (including computer programs and data sets) should be available upon request to the authors.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Design and Simulation Analysis of Sliding Mode Controller for DC-DC Cuk Conve...IJMREMJournal
Due to compact size and fast dynamic response DC-DC converters are used to a great extent. DC-DC Cuk converter has switching transients which leads to switching losses and harmonics generation. With a linear controller like Proportional integral derivative (PID), the transients and oscillations under supply and load variations cannot be controlled. So, it becomes necessary to use a nonlinear controller to make transient performance of the converter stable increase its efficiency. A great advantage of this controller includes, it’s based on large signal model of DC to DC converters hence its stability is not bounded by the size of the interpretations around the working point. In this research work, simulation model of cuk converter with sliding mode controller is developed and tested using MATLAB SIMULINK. Effectiveness of proposed sliding mode controller for cuk converter is proved from simulation results.
Design and Simulation Analysis of Sliding Mode Controller for DC-DC Cuk Conve...IJMREMJournal
Due to compact size and fast dynamic response DC-DC converters are used to a great extent. DC-DC Cuk
converter has switching transients which leads to switching losses and harmonics generation. With a linear
controller like Proportional integral derivative (PID), the transients and oscillations under supply and load
variations cannot be controlled. So, it becomes necessary to use a nonlinear controller to make transient
performance of the converter stable increase its efficiency. A great advantage of this controller includes, it’s
based on large signal model of DC to DC converters hence its stability is not bounded by the size of the
interpretations around the working point. In this research work, simulation model of cuk converter with sliding
mode controller is developed and tested using MATLAB SIMULINK. Effectiveness of proposed sliding mode
controller for cuk converter is proved from simulation results.
A Review on Modeling and Analysis of Multi Stage with Multi Phase DC DC Boost...YogeshIJTSRD
A new version of the new Hybrid Boost DC DC ready to draw power from two different DC sources for standard DC bus feeds is presented in this paper. An important feature of the proposed converter is that both sources provide simultaneous power to a lower load than the reduced current rate. This feature is very attractive for DC grid applications. With the analysis of the time zone, steady state performance is established and the transformational power correction parameters are obtained. In this paper, a powerful converter is introduced, with its operating principles based on charging pumps and converters of reinforcement series. In addition, although three switches are used, no separate gate driver is required instead of one bridge gate driver and one gate driver on the lower side. As such, the proposed converter is easy to analyze and easy to operate. In addition, additional test results are provided to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed converter. Mukesh Kuma | Manoj Kumar Dewangan | Maheedhar Dubey "A Review on Modeling and Analysis of Multi Stage with Multi Phase DC-DC Boost Converter" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd39985.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/39985/a-review-on-modeling-and-analysis-of-multi-stage-with-multi-phase-dcdc-boost-converter/mukesh-kuma
05 9236 it landsman converter based particle edit putriIAESIJEECS
This paper proposes a novel control technique for landsman converter using particle swarm
optimization. The controller parameters are optimized by pso algorithm, the proposed algorithm is
compared with PID controller and the comparative results are presented. Simulation results shows the
dynamic performance of pso controller. Landsman converter reduction in output voltage ripple in the order
of mV along with reduced settling time as compared to the conventional PID controller. The simulated
results are executed in MATLAB/SIMULINK.
PID Compensator Control Scheme of Synchronous Buck DC-DC Converter with ZVS L...IJRES Journal
This paper deals with PID compensator control of Synchronous Rectifier (SR) Buck Converter to improve its conversion efficiency under different load conditions with the help of a Zero Voltage Switching(ZVS)Logic Circuit. Since the freewheeling diode is replaced by a high frequency switch MOSFET in this buck configuration, the SR control technique itself will be sufficient under heavy load condition to attain better normal mode performance. However, this technique does not hold well in light load condition, due to increased switching losses. A newPID compensator control techniqueis introduced in the paper will enable synchronous buck converter to realize ZVS, while feeding light load. This is also cost effective and highly efficient simple control method without use of extra auxiliary switches and RLC components. This control technique also proved to be efficient under input voltage variations. Simulation is done for proving stabilization provided by the PID compensator with the help of ZVS logic circuit for synchronous rectifier (SR) buck converter in MATLAB Simulink.
Digital Current Mode Controller for Buck ConverterIJMREMJournal
Power electronics applications are widely used in different fields of engineering like computer,
Telecommunication, electrical power and Mechanical), one of the most useful power electronics converters is
DC-DC buck converter. Owing to its numerous applications, its performance needs to be improved through a
suitable controller. In this Paper, A digital current mode controller is proposed and implemented for Buck
converter. Proposed current mode control technique is simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK and results are
validated through hardware implementation. Both simulation and experimental analysis show effectiveness of
the proposed controller.
Average current control of DC-DC Cuk Converters as Power Factor CorrectorIJERA Editor
The era of electronic devices in all loads due to the manufacturing technologies replaced many conventional electrical or mechanical loads including lighting loads where Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) is becoming an emerging technique with many advantages. High frequency switching dc-dc converter is a new technology to control the load and the supply side simultaneously. Due to additional harmonics generated by these switching converters power factor correction has become a necessity in utility side. This paper focuses on the power factor correction of the supply side when employing an ideal LED load with dc-dc Cuk converter. This paper also illustrates the controlling of the power factor correction employing high switching frequency dc-dc converters. The control loops employed are discussed and the strategy for designing the compensator is also explained. The simulated results have been shown to ascertain the accepted performance of the power factor correction converter.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Fuzzy based control of Transformer less Coupled inductor based DC-DC converterIJERA Editor
Most of the industrial applications use any one of the basic DC-DC converter configurations namely buck,
boost, buck–boost, and Cuk converters. These converters are non-isolating converters. Buck-boost converters
use inductors for storing energy from the source and release the same to load or output. This results in high
stress across magnetic components. This drawback restricts usage of buck-boost converters to low power
applications. Flyback converters popularly have known as buck-boost converters uses transformers for
achieving wide range of step down and step up voltages. Coupled inductor based converters or tapped inductor
based converters are used for achieving wide input – wide output conversion ratios. Coherent transition between
step-down and step-up modes is achieved by a proper control scheme. This paper proposes fuzzy logic based
closed loop control scheme for control of converter switches. Theoretical derivations of control parameters with
their membership values, mamdani based rules for development of fuzzy rules and simulation results of a
coupled inductor based DC-DC converter using MATLAB / SIMULINK are concluded.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Online aptitude test management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The purpose of on-line aptitude test system is to take online test in an efficient manner and no time wasting for checking the paper. The main objective of on-line aptitude test system is to efficiently evaluate the candidate thoroughly through a fully automated system that not only saves lot of time but also gives fast results. For students they give papers according to their convenience and time and there is no need of using extra thing like paper, pen etc. This can be used in educational institutions as well as in corporate world. Can be used anywhere any time as it is a web based application (user Location doesn’t matter). No restriction that examiner has to be present when the candidate takes the test.
Every time when lecturers/professors need to conduct examinations they have to sit down think about the questions and then create a whole new set of questions for each and every exam. In some cases the professor may want to give an open book online exam that is the student can take the exam any time anywhere, but the student might have to answer the questions in a limited time period. The professor may want to change the sequence of questions for every student. The problem that a student has is whenever a date for the exam is declared the student has to take it and there is no way he can take it at some other time. This project will create an interface for the examiner to create and store questions in a repository. It will also create an interface for the student to take examinations at his convenience and the questions and/or exams may be timed. Thereby creating an application which can be used by examiners and examinee’s simultaneously.
Examination System is very useful for Teachers/Professors. As in the teaching profession, you are responsible for writing question papers. In the conventional method, you write the question paper on paper, keep question papers separate from answers and all this information you have to keep in a locker to avoid unauthorized access. Using the Examination System you can create a question paper and everything will be written to a single exam file in encrypted format. You can set the General and Administrator password to avoid unauthorized access to your question paper. Every time you start the examination, the program shuffles all the questions and selects them randomly from the database, which reduces the chances of memorizing the questions.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
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Water billing management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “Water Billing Management System” aims is to generate Water bill with all the charges and penalty. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
The aim of our project is to develop a system that is meant to partially computerize the work performed in the Water Board like generating monthly Water bill, record of consuming unit of water, store record of the customer and previous unpaid record.
We used HTML/PHP as front end and MYSQL as back end for developing our project. HTML is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a android application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding android application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software. It is a stable ,reliable and the powerful solution with the advanced features and advantages which are as follows: Data Security.MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...
D0363022039
1. The International Journal Of Engineering And Science (IJES)
|| Volume || 3 || Issue || 6 || Pages || 22-39 || 2014 ||
ISSN (e): 2319 – 1813 ISSN (p): 2319 – 1805
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 22
Analysis and Implementation of bidirectional DC to DC
Converter by using Fuzzy logic Controller
Ganji Sai Kumar
1
, G. Ramudu
2
, D. Vijay Arun
3
1
Department of EEE, Gudlavalleru Engineering College. A.P.
2
Asst..Professor, Department of EEE, St.Ann’sCollege of engineering and technology., A.P.
3
Asst..Professor, Department of EEE, Gudlavalleru Engineering College. A.P.
------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT-----------------------------------------------------------
The circuit configuration of the proposed converter is very simple. The proposed converter employs a
coupled inductor with same winding turns in the primary and secondary sides. Many bidirectional dc–dc
converters have been researched. The bidirectional dc–dc flyback converters are more attractive due to simple
structure and easy control. However, these converters suffer from high voltage stresses on the power devices
due to the leakage inductor energy of the transformer. The objective of this proposed methodology is to develop
fuzzy logic controller on control boost dc-dc converter using MATLAB@Simulink software. The fuzzy logic
controller has been implemented to the system by developing fuzzy logic control algorithm. The design and
calculation of the components especially for the inductor has been done to ensure the converter operates in
continuous conduction mode. The evaluation of the output has been carried out and compared by software
simulation using MATLAB software between the open loop and closed loop circuit. The simulation results are
shown that voltage output is able to be control in steady state condition for boost dc-dc converter by using this
methodology
INDEX TERMS—Bidirectional dc–dc converter, coupled inductor.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Date of Submission: 02 June 2014 Date of Publication: 15 June 2014
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I. INTRODUCTION
DC-DC converters are electronic devices used whenever we want to change DC electrical power
efficiently from one voltage level to another. They are needed because unlike AC, DC cannot simply be
stepped up or down using a transformer. In many ways, a DC-DC converter is the equivalent of a transformer.
The dc-dc converters can be viewed as dc transformer that delivers a dc voltage or current at a
different level than the input source. Electronic switching performs this dc transformation as in conventional
transformers and not by electromagnetic means. The dc-dc converters find wide applications in regulated
switch-mode dc power supplies and in dc motor drive applications.
DC-DC converters are non-linear in nature. The design of high performance control for them is a
challenge for both the control engineering engineers and power electronics engineers. In general, a good
control for dc-dc converter always ensures stability in arbitrary operating condition. Moreover, good
response in terms of rejection of load variations, input voltage changes and even parameter uncertainties is
also required for a typical control scheme.
After pioneer study of dc-dc converters, a great deal of efforts has been directed in developing the
modeling and control techniques of various dc-dc converters. Classic linear approach relies on the state
averaging techniques to obtain the state-space averaged equations. From the state-space averaged model,
possible perturbations are introduced into the state variables around the operating point. On the basis of the
equations, transfer functions of the open-loop plant can be obtained. A linear controller is easy to be designed
with these necessary transfer functions based on the transfer function.
2. Analysis and Implementation of bidirectional DC to DC Converter by using Fuzzy logic Controller
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 23
DC to DC converters are important in portable electronic devices such as cellular phones and laptop
computers, which are supplied with power from batteries primarily. Such electronic devices often contain
several sub-circuits, each with its own voltage level requirement different than that supplied by the battery
or an external supply (sometimes higher or lower than the supply voltage, and possibly even negative
voltage). Additionally, the battery voltage declines as its stored power is drained. Switched DC to DC
converters offer a method to increase voltage from a partially lowered battery voltage thereby saving space
instead of using multiple batteries to accomplish the same thing.
DC-DC converters are electronic devices that are used whenever we want to change DC electrical
power efficiently from one voltage level to another. In the previous chapter we mentioned the drawbacks of
doing this with a linear regulator and presented the case for SMPS. Generically speaking the use of a switch or
switches for the purpose of power conversion can be regarded as a SMPS. From now onwards whenever we
mention DC-DC Converters we shall address them with respect to SMPS.
A few applications of interest of DC-DC converters are where 5V DC on a personal computer
motherboard must be stepped down to 3V, 2V or less for one of the latest CPU chips; where 1.5V from a
single cell must be stepped up to 5V or more, to operate electronic circuitry. In all of these applications, we
want to change the DC energy from one voltage level to another, while wasting as little as possible in the
process. In other words, we want to perform the conversion with the highest possible efficiency.
DC-DC Converters are needed because unlike AC, DC can’t simply be stepped up or down using
a transformer. In many ways, a DC-DC converter is the DC equivalent of a transformer. They essentially
just change the input energy into a different impedance level. So whatever the output voltage level, the
output power all comes from the input; there’s no energy manufactured inside the converter. Quite the
contrary, in fact some is inevitably used up by the converter circuitry and components, in doing their job.
Modern electronic equipment and systems are made up of high-density circuitry, which requires a
low voltage and high current to function. For the proper operation of this type of loads, a power supply must
be able to provide a constant voltage over a wide current range and possess excellent regulation
characteristics in both steady and transient states. Modeling and simulation have played an important role in
the design of modern DC-DC converter. They allow the converter performance to be evaluated before the
actual circuit is built. Hence, design flaws, if any, can be detected and corrected at the early stages in the
design process, leading to the increased productivity and cost saving.
Modeling and simulation of DC-DC converters can be modeled in two simulations they are
Switched Simulation
Average Simulation
In the Switched simulation, switching action of the converters is simulated and the results are
waveforms with switching ripples resembles to those found in actual converters.
In Average simulation simulates only the average behavior of the converters and therefore the results
are the smooth continuous waveforms that represent an average value of the interested quantities. It is
well known that the averaged simulation yields a much faster computer run time than the switched simulation.
Hence, the averaged simulation is often used in the evaluation of overall dynamic performance of the
converters. In the past, the average simulation is mostly performed in SPICE. The drawback of using
SPICE is that the model to be simulated must be translated into an equivalent circuit which can become
difficult if the model is described by complicated equations. Although the newer versions of SPICE program
provide commands to support mathematical based models, their capability is still somewhat limited.
3. Analysis and Implementation of bidirectional DC to DC Converter by using Fuzzy logic Controller
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 24
In this State-Space Modeling of a Buck Converter can be modeled by using three modeling techniques. They
are,
O VOLTAGE MODE CONTROL
O CURRENT MODE CONTROL
O AVERAGE CURRENT MODE
CONTROL
DC/DC switching power converters working in both continuous (CCM) and discontinuous (DCM)
conduction modes. The model is based on two PWM switch sub-models commutating between them as a
consequence of the operating conditions. In the modeling technique, emphasis is made in the discontinuous
conduction mode and in the determination of the instants to switch between the continuous and discontinuous
conduction mode sub-models. The model is used in a multilevel simulator where behavioral descriptions are
permitted. Results are obtained and compared with device level simulations. These results show good
accuracy and significant reduction in the simulation time.
Step-Up mode
Fig.1: Proposed converter in step-up mode
The proposed converter in step-up mode is shown in Fig. 1.The pulse width modulation (PWM)
technique is used to control the switches S1 and S2 simultaneously. The switch S3 is the synchronous
rectifier.
Since the primary and secondary winding turns of the coupled inductor is same, the inductance of the
coupled inductor in the primary and secondary sides are expressed as
L1 = L2 = L. ------ (1)
Thus, the mutual inductance M of the coupled inductor is given by
-- (2)
where k is the coupling coefficient of the coupled inductor. The voltages across the primary and secondary
windings of the coupled inductor are as follows:
------ (3)
Fig.2 shows some typical waveforms in continuous conduction mode (CCM) and discontinuous
conduction mode (DCM). The operating principles and steady-state analysis of CCM and DCM are
described as follows.
4. Analysis and Implementation of bidirectional DC to DC Converter by using Fuzzy logic Controller
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 25
Fig.2: Some typical waveforms of the proposed converter in step-up mode. (a) CCM operation.
(b) DCM operation
CCM Operation
a) Mode 1: During this time interval [t0, t1], S1 and S2 are turned on and S3 is turned off. The current flow
path is shown in Fig.3(a). The energy of the low-voltage side VL is transferred to the coupled inductor.
Meanwhile, the primary and secondary windings of the coupled inductor are in parallel. The energy stored
in the capacitor CH is discharged to the load. Thus, the voltages across L1
and L2 are obtained as vL1 = vL2 = VL.
------ (4)
Fig 3: Current flow path of the proposed converter in step-up mode. (a) Mode 1 (b) Mode 2
5. Analysis and Implementation of bidirectional DC to DC Converter by using Fuzzy logic Controller
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 26
b) Mode 2: During this time interval [t1, t2], S1 and S2 are turned off and S3 is turned on. The
current flow path is shown in Fig.3(b). The low- voltage side VL and the coupled inductor are in series
to transfer their energies to the capacitor CH and the load. Meanwhile, the primary and secondary windings
of the coupled inductor are in series. Thus, the following equations are found to be
------ (5)
------ (6)
By using the state-space averaging method, the following equation is derived:
Fig.4(c) : Mode 3 for DCM operation
DCM Operation
a) Mode 1: During this time interval [t0, t1], S1 and S2 are turned on and S3 is turned off. The current flow
path is shown in Fig.3 (a). The operating principle is same as that for the mode
b) 1 of CCM operation. From (6), the two peak currents through the primary and secondary windings of the
coupled inductor are given by
------ (7)
c) Mode 2: During this time interval [t1, t2], S1 and S2 are turned off and S3 is turned on. The
current flow path is shown in Fig. 3(b). The low- voltage side VL and the coupled inductor are in series
to transfer their energies to the capacitor CH and the load. Meanwhile, the primary and secondary windings
of the coupled inductor are in series. The currents iL1 and iL2 through the primary and secondary windings
of the coupled inductor are decreased to zero at t = t2. another expression of IL1p and IL2p is given by
------ (8)
Mode 3: During this time interval l [t2, t3], S1 and S2 are still turned.
The current flow path is shown in Fig.3(c). The energy stored in the coupled inductor is zero. Thus, iL1
and iL2 are equal to zero. The energy stored in the capacitor CH is discharged to the load. From (12) and
(13), D2 is derived as follows:
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------ (9)
From.Fig.3(b), the average value of the output capacitor current during each switching period is given by
- (10)
----- (11)
Since IcH is equal to zero under steady state, (11) can be rewritten as follows:
------ (12)
------ (13)
Then, the normalized inductor time constant is defined as ,
where fs is the switching frequency. the voltage gain is given by
------ (14)
Step-down mode
Fig.5 shows the proposed converter in step-down mode. The PWM technique is used to control the switch
S3. The switches S1 and S2 are the synchronous rectifiers. Fig. 6 shows some typical waveforms in CCM
and DCM.
Fig.6 : Some typical waveforms of the proposed converter in step-down mode. (a) CCM operation (b) DCM
operation
The operating principle and steady-state analysis of CCM and DCM are described as follows.
CCM Operation
a) Mode 1: During this time interval [t0, t1], S3 is turned on and S1/S2 are turned off. The current flow
path is shown in Fig.7(a).
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Fig.7: Current flow path of the proposed converter in step-down mode. (a) Mode 1. (b)
Mode 2. (c) Mode 3 for DCM operation
a) Mode1: The energy of the high-voltage side VH is transferred to the coupled inductor, the capacitor CL,
and the load. Meanwhile, the primary and secondary windings of the coupled inductor are in series.
b) Mode 2: During this time interval [t1, t2], S3 is turned off and S1/S2 are turned on. The current flow
path is shown in Fig.7(b). The energy stored in the coupled inductor is released to the capacitor CL and the
load. Meanwhile, the primary and secondary windings of the coupled inductor are in parallel.
Thus, the voltages across L1 and L2 are derived as
vL1 = vL2 = −VL
DCM Operation
The operating modes can be divided into three modes, defined as modes 1, 2, and 3.
1) Mode 1: During this time interval [t0, t1], S3 is turned on and S1/S2 are turned off. The current flow
path is shown in Fig.7(a). The operating principle is same as that for the mode 1 of CCM operation. the
two peak currents through the primary and secondary windings of the coupled inductor are given by
------ (15)
b) Mode 2: During this time interval [t1, t2], S3 is turned off and S1/S2 are turned on. The current flow
path is shown in Fig. 7(b). The energy stored in the coupled inductor is released to the capacitor CL and the
load. Meanwhile, the primary and secondary windings of the coupled inductor are in parallel. The currents
iL1 and iL2 through the primary and secondary windings of the coupled inductor are decreased to zero at t =
t2.
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another expression of IL1p and IL2p is given as
------ (16)
c) Mode 3: During this time interval [t2, t3], S3 is still turned off and S1/S2 are still turned on. The
current flow path is shown in Fig.7(c). The energy stored in the coupled inductor is zero. Thus, iL1 and iL2
are equal to zero. The energy stored in the capacitor CL is discharged to the load. D2 is derived as follows:
------ (17)
Boundary Operating Condition of CCM and DCM
When the proposed converter in step-down mode is operated in BCM, the voltage gain of CCM operation is
equal to the voltage gain of DCM operation. the boundary normalized inductor time constant τLL,B can be
derived as follows:
---- (18)
The curve of τLL,B is plotted in Fig.8. If τLL is larger than τLL,B, the proposed converter in the step-
down mode is operated in CCM
Fig.8: Boundary.condition.of.the.proposed.conv erter.in.step-down.mode (assuming k = 1)
Fuzzy Logic Controller for Boost Dc-Dc Converter
An analysis of boost converter circuit revealed that the inductor current plays significant task in
dynamic response of boost converter. Additionally, it can provide the storage energy information in the
converter. Thus, any changes on the inductor current may affect output voltage and output voltage will
provide steady state condition information of converter. However, the three main parameters need to be
considered when designing boost converters are power switch, inductor and capacitor. In this objective to
achieve the desired output voltage and the stability is by designing the power switch.
FUZZY LOGIC MEMBERSHIP FUNCTION
The boost dc-dc converter is a nonlinear function of the duty cycle because of the small signal model
and its control method was applied to the control of boost converters. Fuzzy controllers do not require an exact
mathematical model. Instead, they are designed based on general knowledge of the plant. Fuzzy controllers are
designed to adapt to varying operating points. Fuzzy Logic Controller is designed to control the output of boost
dc-dc converter using Mamdani style fuzzy inference system. Two input variables, error (e) and change of error
(de) are used in this fuzzy logic system. The single output variable (u) is duty cycle of PWM output.
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Figure 9 : The Membership Function plots of error.
Figure 10: The Membership Function plots of change error.
Figure 11: The Membership Function plots of duty ratio.
Fuzzy Logic Table Rules
The objective of this dissertation is to control the output voltage of the boost converter. The error
and change of error of the output voltage will be the inputs of fuzzy logic controller. These 2 inputs are
divided into five groups; NB: Negative Big, NS: Negative Small, ZO: Zero Area, PS: Positive small and
PB: Positive Big and its parameter. These fuzzy control rules for error and change of error can be referred
in the table that is shown in Table I as per below:
Table I Table rules for error and change of error.
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SIMULINK MODELS AND RESULTS SIMULATION MODEL OF CONVENTIONAL BOOST
CONVERTER
The Conventional converter in step-up mode is shown in Fig 12 The pulse width modulation (PWM)
technique is used to control the switches. A simulation model of a high step up DC-DC converter is shown
below:
Fig.12: Simulation model of conventional boost converter Simulation Result of Conventional Boost
Converter
Fig.13: Output voltage of conventional Boost converter Simulation Model of Conventional Buck
Converter
The Conventional converter in step-down mode is shown in Fig.14 The pulse width modulation (PWM)
technique is used to control the switches. A simulation model of a high step down DC-DC converter is shown
below:
Fig.14: Simulation model of conventional buck converter Simulation Result of Conventional Buck
Converter
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Fig.15: Output voltage of conventional Buck converter Simulation Model of Proposed Boost Converter
The proposed converter in step-up mode is shown in Fig 16 The pulse width modulation (PWM) technique is
used to control the switches S1 and S2 simultaneously. The switch S3 is the synchronous rectifier. A
simulation modeling of a high step up DC-DC converter is shown below
Fig.16: Simulation model of high step up DC DC converter with R load
Fig.16 (a) : Output voltage of proposed Boost converter
Fig.16(a) shows the waveforms of the input current iL and the coupled inductor currents iL1 and iL2 in
step-up mode. It can be seen that iL1 is equal to iL2. The current iL is double of the level of the coupled-
inductor current during S1/S2 ON- period and equals the coupled-inductor current during S1/S2 OFF-period.
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Fig.16(b) : Some experimental waveforms of the proposed converter in step-up Mode (iL1, iL2, and iL)
Fig.16(c): Some experimental waveforms of the proposed converter in step-up Mode (iS1, iS2, and iS3)
Fig.17 : Simulation model of high step up DC DC converter with RL load
Fig.18: Output voltage of proposed Boost converter
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Simulation Model of Proposed Buck Converter
Fig.5.7 shows the proposed converter in step-down mode. The PWM technique is used to control the switch S3.
The switches S1 and S2 are the synchronous rectifiers. Fig. 8 shows some typical waveforms in CCM and
DCM.
Fig.19 : Simulation model of high step down DC DC converter
Fig.20 : Output voltage of proposed Buck converter
Fig.21 : Some experimental waveforms of the proposed converter in step down Mode( iLL, iL1, and iL2)
Fig.22: Some experimental waveforms of the proposed converter in step down Mode (vDS3, vDS1and vDS2)
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Fig.22: Simulation model of high step up DC DC converter with RL load By usng PI controller
Fig.23:Output voltage of proposed Boost converter by using PI controller
Fig.24 : Simulation model of high step down DC DC converter with RL load By usng PI controller
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Fig.25 : Output voltage of proposed Buck converter by using PI controller
Fig.26 : Simulation model of high step up DC DC converter with RL load By using Fuzzy logic controller
Fig.27 : Output voltage of proposed Boost converter by using Fuzzy logic controller
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Fig.28 : Simulation model of high step down DC DC converter with RL load By using Fuzzy logic controller
Fig.29: Output voltage of proposed Buck converter by using Fuzzy logic controller
Comparison Of The Proposed Converter And Conventional Bidirectional Buck – Boost Converter
A. VOLTAGE GAIN
The below tabular forms shows the voltage gain of the proposed converter and conventional
bidirectional dc-dc boost converter.
Table.1 : Comparison of voltage gains of conventional and proposed boost converter
Duty cycle Voltage gain (Conventional converter) Voltage gain (Proposed converter with open loop controller)
0.2 1.25 1.5
0.4 1.66 2.33
0.5 2 3.0
0.6 2.5 4.0
0.8 5.0 9.0
The below tabular forms shows the settling times of the proposed converter with pi and fuzzy logic controller
bidirectional dc-dc boost converter.
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Table 5.4 Comparison of settling times of the proposed converter with pi and fuzzy logic controller
bidirectional dc-dc boost converter
Input Voltage
(Volts)
Output Voltage
(Volts)
Settling Time
Ts(Ms)
(Pi Controller)
Settling Time
Ts(Ms)
(Fuzzy Logic Controller)
14 40 4.62 4.12
14 35 3.86 3.6
14 30 3.2 2.8
CONCLUSION
In this project a novel bidirectional dc–dc converter by using fuzzy logic controller is proposed..The
circuit configuration of the proposed converter is very simple. The proposed converter has higher step-up and
step-down voltage gains, lower voltage stress on the switches and lower average value of the switch current
than the conventional bidirectional boost/buck converter. Design of a fuzzy logic controller on control boost dc-
dc converter by using MATLAB has been successfully achieved. A simple algorithm based on the prediction of
fuzzy logic controller, possibly using the fuzzy rules parameter, is showing to be more convenient than the
circuit without fuzzy. Using a closed loop circuit with fuzzy logic controller, it is confirmed that the boost dc-dc
converter gives a value of output voltage exactly as circuit requirement. Hence, the closed loop circuit of boost
dc-dc converter controlled that by fuzzy logic controller confirmed the methodology and requirement of the
proposed approach. These studies could solve many types of problems regardless on stability because as we
know that fuzzy logic controller is an intelligent controller to their appliances
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Author profiles
Ganji S a i K u ma r r e c e i v e d the B.Tech in EEE from VR Siddartha Engineering
College. Pursuing M.Tech in Power electronics and electrical drives from Gudlavalleru Engineering College.
D.Vijay Arun received the B.Tech in EEE SVH Engineering College. M.Tech in Electrical
Power Systems from Narasaraopet Engineering College.Present he is working as an Asst. Prof in Gudlavalleru
Engineering college,a.p, India.
G.Ramudu has received the B.tech in EEE VRS & YRN College of Engineering and
Technology. M.Tech in Power Electronics and Electric Drives from Vignan’s Engineering college. Present he is
working as an Asst. Prof in St.Ann’s college of Engineering and technology,a.p, India.