An Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) provides backup electrical power when the primary power source fails. It has three main components: a rectifier that converts AC to DC power, batteries that store the energy, and an inverter that converts the stored DC back to AC power. There are two main types of UPS - rotary UPS uses an alternator while static UPS uses solid-state components without rotating parts. A static UPS has four operating modes including normal operation from the main power, backup from batteries if the main fails, switching to a standby power source, and bypass for maintenance. The UPS ensures critical systems have continuous power for processes, safety and data protection.

1. UPS
Uninterruptible Power Supply
By Linda Kurniawati
OTP ELECTRICAL TOTAL EP INDONESIE
(Batch 3)
2014

2. What the UPS is
 An Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) is a device that has
an alternate source of energy that can provide electrical
power when the primary power source is temporarily
disabled.

4. What the Function for
 To give several time for the genset for working properly.
 To protect eqiuipments and systems of the electrical
failure.
 To ensure there is continious power supply of electrical
power even the primary source is no longer present.

5. Types of Load
Critical Load
Essensial Load
Non Essensial Load

6. Critical Load
 The load needs continuously electrical power as long as the production
process is running and a while after operation stops.
 If the power no longer to supply, it could made mistake of operation,
injuries, accident, data loss, the production process stops and it can
endanger for human life.
 For example : the process of instrumentation, computer,
telecommunication, monitoring system, fire system and etc.

7. Essensial Load
 The load also needs continuously electrical power as long as the
production process is running and a while after operation stops.
 If the power no longer to supply, it could give impact and influence the
quality and quantity of the product.
 For example : Motor pumping unit, compressor, etc.

8. Non Essensial Load
 The load doesn’t require continuously power supply.
 If the power no longer to supply, it doesn’t directly influence the
production process. The present of loads just to satisfy the determine
standart of product.
 For example : Lighting system, utility system, etc.

9. Types of UPS
 Rotary UPS
A less common type of UPS which uses alternator to create the
electrical output.
 Static UPS
A static device made of solid-state for producing electrical power
(no rotating devices are equipped).

10.  Rotary UPS

11.  Static UPS

12. •Converts AC supply to DC supply.
Rectifier/Charger
• Stores electrical energy.
Battery
•Convets DC supply to AC supply.
Inverter
•An automatic switch that can only be actived depanding on the
condition of the UPS.
Static Switch
 Main Components of Static UPS

13. Main Components
 Diagram of Static UPS

14. Rectifier/Charger
 Bridge Rectifier Circuit (single-phase)

15. Battery
 Lead-Acid Battery
 Sponge lead as negative electrode
 Lead dioxide as positive electrode
 Sulfuric acid solution as the electrolyte

16. Battery
 Nickel-Cadmium Battery (mostly used)
 Cadmium hydroxide as negative electrode
 Nickel hydroxide as positive electrode
 Potassium hydroxide solution as the electrolyte

17. Inverter
 Inverter Circuit (single-phase)

18. Static Switch
 Diagram of Static UPS

19. Normal Operation
Failure of the Main AC Supply
Standby Power Supply on Line
Bypass or Maintenance Mode
 Operation of Static UPS

20. Normal Operation
 The load is supplied by the charger (rectifier), the inverter and the
static switch, and S1 is closed.

21. Failure of the Main AC Supply
 The charger stops and the battery powers the inverter and thus the
load. The operating time depands on the capacity of batteries.

22. Standby Power Supply on Line
 S1 and S2 are closed. The switching occurs outomatically.

23. Bypass or Maintenance Mode
 The load is supplied by the standby power supply directly through
S3.

24.  Conclusion
 UPS is used to give back up power supply to load which needs the existence of electrical power in under
normal and also emergency condition.
 Three types of load : Critical Load, Essential Load and Non Essential Load.
 The main components of the Static UPS: Rectifier/Charger, Battery, Inverter and Static Switch.
 Four modes of configuration of Static UPS : Normal Operation, Failure of the Main AC Supply, Standby Power
Supply on Line, and Bypass or Maintenance Mode.