The document discusses India's power scenario and electricity grids. It outlines the history of power development in India and the roles of load dispatch centers in managing the national grid. The country's electricity grid is divided into five regional grids interconnected by high voltage direct current links. These regional grids are also interconnected with neighboring countries' grids, allowing for power sharing and building economic relationships. As India's grid becomes more interconnected both within the country and internationally, it improves the economy and establishes India as one of the largest synchronous grids in the world.

1. POWER SCENARIO IN INDIA
Presented by : AKSHAY .S.KULKARNI
2GI12EE005
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Presentation on
KLS GOGTE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
BELGAUM

2. 1) Introduction
History
2) Load dispatch Centers
Role of Load dispatch Centers
Regional Load dispatch centers
Location of RLDC’s and Installed Capacity
Peculiarities of Regional grids in India
Southern region grid overview
3) Interconnection of Regional Grids
Salient features of Regional interconnection in India
4) Interconnection of International Grids
Salient features of interconnected International Grids
5) Advantages and Disadvantages of Grids in India
6) Conclusions
7) References
List of Contents

3.  India is a country with more than 1.2 billion people accounting
for more than 17% of world’s population. It is the seventh largest
country in the world with total land area of 3,287,263 sq km. India
measures 3214 km from north to south and 2993 km from east to
west
In the last six decades, India’s energy use has increased 16 times
and the installed electricity capacity by 84 times. At present India’s
energy use is the fifth highest in the world
 Economical growth in India has led to considerable growth in
power sector
Example : Introduction of Electric grids
 Electric grid delivers electricity from points of generation to
consumers
INTRODUCTION

4. ‘Transmission’ and ‘Grid Management’ are essential functions for
smooth evacuation of power from generating stations to the
consumers.
Grid management involves taking care of the over all reliability,
security, economy and efficiency of the power system.
The country is geographically divided into five regions namely,
Northern, Eastern, Western North Eastern and Southern.

5. •At one point, all energy was produced near the device or
service requiring that energy.
•Until 1975 – distribution was mainly through
SEBs/electricity depts. controlled by the respective state
govts.
•1975 – The Electricity (supply) Act was amended.
Intervention of the central govt in development of
generation facilities led to the formation of NTPC, NHPC
•1989: Power grid corporation of India was formed
HISTORY

6. LOAD DISPATCH CENTERS
• The control of the grid is planned to be done at 3 levels of hierarchy namely
NLDC, RLDC and SLDC.
• Each of the five regions has a Regional Load Dispatch Centre (RLDC)
• The RLDCs for North, East, West, South and Northeast regions are located at
Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Bangalore and Shillong respectively.
• Every state has a State Load Despatch Centre (SLDC).
Role of NLDC
Economy and Efficiency of National Grid
Scheduling and dispatch of electricity over the inter-regional links
Monitoring of operations and grid security
Role of RLDC
Generation scheduling/ re-scheduling
Metering & data collection
Real time operation , control & contingency
Role of Load dispatch centers

7. REGION Dispatch Center Installed Capacity
Northern Delhi 31,307 MW
Southern Bangalore 32,779 MW
Eastern Kolkata 16,410 MW
Western Mumbai 32,761 MW
North-Eastern Shillong 2,357 MW
TOTAL : 1,15,344 MW source: (Ministry of power Govt. of INDIA)
Location of RLDC’s and Installed Capacity

8. Peculiarities of Regional Grids in India :
• Northern Grid : Deficit Region , highly weather sensitive load, Adverse weather
conditions like fog and dust storm
• Sothern Grid : High load , Monsoon dependent hydro
• Eastern Grid : Low load ,High coal reserve
• Western Grid : Industrial Load
• North-Eastern Grid : Very low load , High hydro potential , Evacuation problems
Region Demand Supply Deficit
Northern 54,329 MW 54,137 MW -0.4%
Southern 43,630 MW 35,011 MW -19.8%
Eastern 18,507 MW 19,358 MW +4.6%
Western 48,479 MW 50,254 MW +3.7%
North-Eastern 2,650 MW 2,544 MW -4%
Region wise Power Demand and Supply position

9. Region wise availability of power generation resources
Region Number of resources
Northern 61
Southern 51
Eastern 49
Western 71
North-Eastern 8
Total Installed capacity : 2,01,181 MW
Future : 2,08,790 MW
• Conventional Resources (Including Nuclear , Thermal ,Gas/liquid, Hydro)
Region Number of resources
Northern 9
Southern 23
Eastern 18
Western 13
North-Eastern Nil
Total Installed capacity : 38,283.59 MW
• Non-conventional Resources (Including Wind ,Solar)

10. Southern region grid overview
 Southern Regional Load Dispatch Centre (SRLDC) is one of the five
Regional Load Dispatch Centres (RLDCs)
Southern Regional (SR) grid is a large power system comprising of 6,51,000
sq.kms of area encompassing five state systems viz Andhra Pradesh, Telangana,
Karnataka, Tamil Nadu ,Kerala and Union Territory of Puducherry
Effective generating capacity as on 31st March 2015 : 65221 MW
 Maximum Energy Consumption (2014-15) : 892.7 MU
 Average energy consumption(2014-15) : 745 MU/Day
Interconnection of Regional Grids
The regional interconnections involve operating large grids in tandem
ADVANTAGES
1) Help in exchanging power as and when available, i.e. infirm and economy exchanges.
2) HVDC back to back helps in inter-connecting regions with different frequencies

11. Region links Transaction capacity
ER-WR Two 400 kV lines with TCSC
(Raipur-Rourkela) . Three 220 kV
lines (Korba-Budhipadar)
1200 MW
WR-NR 500 MW HVDC Back-to-Back
(Vindhyachal-Singrauli)
450 MW
ER-SR 500 MW HVDC Back-to-Back
(Jeypore-Gazuwaka) . 2000 MW
HVDC Bi-pole (Talcher-Kolar)
2250 MW
WR-SR 1000 MW HVDC Back-to-Back
(Bhadravati-Ramagundam -
Chandrapur)
900MW
ER-NER 400 kV AC Line (Malda-
Bogaigaon) . 400 kV AC Line
(Birpara-Salakati)
1050 MW
ER-NR 500 MW HVDC Back-to-Back
(Sasaram-Pusauli)
450 MW
SR-WR 765KV AC Line (Raichur – Solapur)
(under construction)
2000 MW
Salient features of Regional interconnection of grids in India :

12. Interconnection of International Grids
 A cross-border interconnected grid is one of the main pivots that positively affects
the development process between neighboring countries. International power grid
interconnections provide links between the electricity transmission systems of two or
more adjoining countries, and, thus, interconnections allow those countries to share
power generation resources.
Link Transaction capacity
Baharampur (India) – Bheramara (Bangladesh)
400KV, 500 MW back to back HVDC Asynchronous
interconnection (export)
500 MW
Kataiya(Bihar,INDIA) – Kuasha(Nepal) 132KVA
transmission line (export)
200MW
Muzaffarpur(Bihar,INDIA) – Dhalkebar(Nepal)
400KV transmission line (Expected to end in 2016)
(export)
1000 MW
+400kV HVDC sea link b/w Madurai(TN,INDIA)–
Anuradhapura(Srilanka),285km(50km submarine)
(export)
500MW
A double circuit 400 kV transmission line connecting
the 1,020 MW Tala Hydroelectric Plant (HEP) in
Bhutan and Siliguri in the State of West Bengal in
India (Import)
1000MW
Salient features of interconnected International Grids :

13. Advantages of Electric Grids
 Reduced operational cost
 Increased employee safety
 Increased revenue
 Volatility arising from dynamic pricing might cause
catastrophic rate spikes (similar to Uber’s surge pricing)
 Complicated rate structures might not incentivize
(encourage) efficiency if customers do not understand
what their current rates are.
Disadvantages of Electric Grids
With the completion of Raichur - solapur 765KV line India becomes
one of the largest operating synchronous grids in the world (one grid one
nation) and Interconnection of international grids help in the improvement of
Economy of the country as well as it builds positive relationship between
neighbouring countries by power sharing/trading .
CONCLUSION

14. REFERENCES
[1]“Operating Experience of Regional Interconnection In India” Anjan Roy, S. A.
Khaparde, Senior Member, IEEE, P. Pentayya, S. Usha, A. R. Abhyankar
[2]“OVERVIEW OF ENERGY GRID IN INDIA” (International Journal of
Research in Engineering and Technology) by Avani Pujara1, Neel Chikhal2,
Kaushal Singh
 http://www.powergridindia.com
•http://powermin.nic.in
•http://www.srldc.in

16. THANK YOU