1. The document provides a history of the power sector in India from before independence in 1947 to modern reforms in the early 2000s. It discusses the establishment of organizations like the Central Electricity Authority and State Electricity Boards and the shift to privatization. 2. It also covers the major components of India's power system including different types of power generation, the institutional framework of central and state organizations, and the roles of load dispatch centers at the national, regional, and state levels in grid control and operation. 3. Additionally, the document discusses the necessity of extra high voltage transmission and provides a comparison of EHV AC and DC transmission technologies and their advantages and limitations.

1. 1

2. •HISTORY…………………………………..2-5
•GENERATION………………………………6-8
•INSTITUTIONAL FRAME WORK………….9-10
•LOAD DISPATCH…………………………….11-14
•EXTRA HIGH VOLTAGE ……………………..16-22
NECESSITY
COMPARISON BETWEEN EHV AC AND DC
•REFRENCES
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3. • The Indian Power Industry before independence was controlled firmly
by the British.
• In 1947, the country had a power generating capacity of 1,362 MW.
• Electricity Supply Act of 1948- establishment of CEA (Central
Electricity Authority)and SEB’s(State Electricity Boards)
• SEB’s became the autonomous agencies for supplying power
throughout India.
• CEA was essentially advisory rather than executive.
• The Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956- generation and
distribution of electricity almost exclusively for the states
• Amendment in 1976 –establishment of NTPC Ltd, NHPC, NEEPCO, Mysore
(now Karnataka) Power Corporation etc.
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HISTORY OF POWER SECTOR IN
INDIA

4. • Until 1991, power sector in the states was managed by one large
entity that generated, transmitted and distributed power, under
the respective State Ministries of Power.
• Liberalisation of 1991-privatization of Orissa power utility.
• The paradigm shift-Electricity act, 2003
• SEBs will no longer exist in the existing form.
• mandates licensee-free thermal generation.
• non-discriminatory open access of the transmission system.
• gradual implementation of open access in the distribution
system .
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HISTORY OF POWER SECTOR IN INDIA

5. The first demonstration of electric light in Calcutta was conducted
on 24 July 1879 by P W Fleury & Co.
Mumbai saw electric lighting demonstration for the first time in
1882 at Crawford Market.
The first hydroelectric installation in India was installed near a tea
estate at Sidrapong for the Darjeeling Municipality in 1897.
The first electric train ran between Bombay's Victoria Terminus and
Kurla along the Harbour Line, in 1925.
BEFORE INDEPENDENCE(1947)
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6. GENERATION
 Thermal Power Plant
 Hydro Power Plant
 Nuclear Power Plant
 Diesel Power Plant
 Gas Power Plant
 Combine Cycle plant
 Solar
 Tidal
 Wind
 Geothermal
 Bio-mass
 Fuel cells
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7. 7
ALL INDIA INSTALLED GENERATION CAPACITY
As on 30st
JUN,2019
SOURCE:
CEA Website

8. FUTURE ESTIMATION
Compared to 357.87GW of total installed power
generation capacity in India by June, 2019, India’s
Central Electricity Authority (CEA) expects it to
increase to 831 GW by 2029-30 with solar playing
a dominant role with 300 GW installed.
X
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9. 220 kV
Power Plant
Generation
Residential
Customer
Commercial/
Industrial
Customer
Residential
Customer
Distribution
Pole
Urban
Customers
Primary Distribution
66 kV
Transmission
Distribution Transformer
(11/0.415 kV)
Secondary Grid
(66/11 kV)
Primary Grid
(220/66 kV)
Secondary Distribution
Underground Cable
To Other
66Kv
Substations
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POWER SYSTEM COMPONENTS
Primary Transmission(132/220/400/765KV)
Secondary Transmission(66/132KV)
CBX’mer
(11/220kV)Sending end SS Bus-bar
Bus-bar Steel Tower
CB
Dhuvaran
Karamsad
V V Nagar
GCET

10. 10
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
CENTRAL POWER ORGANIZATION
NJPC NTPC
NHPC
NEEPCO
PLANNING
COMMISSION
NRB AEC NPC
MINISTRY
OF POWER
STATE
GOVERNMENT
DEPT. OF
ATOMIC
ENERGY
NATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
COUNCIL
MNES
ENERGY
MANAGEMENT
CENTRE
NPTI
CPRI
GOVERNMENT
OF INDIA
PFC
REC
PGCILTHDC
CENTRAL
ELECTRICITY
AUTHORITY
DVC
BBMB
CERC

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STATE POWER ORGANIZATION
PRIVATE
SECTOR
LICENSEES
STATE
ELECTRICITY
BOARDS
STATE
ELECTRICITY
DEPARTMENTS
STATE
ELECTRICITY
INSPECTION
ORGANISATION
MINISTRY OR
DEPARTMENT OF
POWER
STATE
GOVERNMENT
SERC

12. LOAD DESPATCH CENTERS IN INDIA
 The control of the grid is planned to be done
at 3 levels of hierarchy namely NLDC, RLDC
and SLDC.
 Each level of hierarchy has definite roles and
responsibilities
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13. 13
ROLE OF NLDC
RLDC
Inter Regional Links
Supervision
• Economy and Efficiency of National Grid
• Scheduling and dispatch of electricity over the inter-regional links
• Monitoring of operations and grid security of National Grid
• Restoration of synchronous operation of National Grid
• Trans-national exchange of power
• Feedback to CEA & CTU for national Grid Planning
• Dissemination of information
NLDC
Supervision & control
RPC for
regional outage Plan
Coordinate
Coordinate
Accounting

14. 14
ROLE OF SLDC
SLDC – Apex body in a State
Power System
State
• Optimum scheduling and despatch
• Monitor grid operations
• Keep accounts of electricity
transmitted
• Activities of
Real-time operation
• exercise supervision and control
RLDC
Directions
Ensure
compliance
Directions and
exercise
supervision and
control
Licensee,
generating company,
generating station,
sub-station
and any other
concerned person

15. 15
ROLE OF RLDC
Functions
•optimum scheduling
and despatch of
electricity
•Monitor grid operation
•Keep accounts of
electricity transmitted
• Exercise Supervision
and control over
the ISTS
• Real time operations• Licensee
• Generating company
• Generating station / Sub-
stations
• any other concerned person
SLDC
Central State
DirectionsComply
the
directions
Apex body
for
integrated
operation
For ST
Open
Access-
Nodal
Agency
RLDC

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17. 17
1.Reduction of Electrical Losses
2.Increase in Transmission Efficiency
3.Improvement of Voltage Regulation
4.Reduction in Conductor Material
Requirement
Necessity of Extra High Voltage (EHV)
Transmission

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5.Flexibility for future system growth.
6.Increase in transmission capacity of the line
.
7.Possibility of interconnections of power
systems.
8.Increase of surge impedance loading.

19. LIMITATION INVOLVED IN EHV TRANSMISSION
1.Corona loss and radio interference.
2.Heavy supporting structure and erection difficulties.
3.Insulation requirements.
4.Suitability considerations.
5.Current carrying capacity.
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20. COMPARISON BETWEEN EHV AC AND DC
 AC TRANSMISSION
 Voltage can be stepped
up/down.
 Skin effect is presrent.
 Natural current zero is possible.
 DC TRANSMISSION
 Voltage level can not be
increased.
 No skin effect.
 Natural current zero is not
possible.
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21. COMPARISON BETWEEN EHV AC AND DC
 AC TRANSMISSION
 Reactive power support is
always required.
 Corona loss is less.
 DC TRANSMISSION
 No reactive power support is
required.
 Corona loss will be more.
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25. REFRENCE
 CEA(Central Electricity Authority)
 SEB’s(State Electricity Boards)
 MINISTER OF POWER
 INDIA ENERGY PORTAL.ORG
 CAPITAL LINE PLUS
 MERCOM INDIA RESEARCH
SEARCH ENGINE
 GOOGLE
 MOZILA
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27. Thank you!
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