A simple, widely used control method. This presentation will provide an introduction to PID controllers, including demonstrations, and practise tuning a controller for a simple system.
From the Un-Distinguished Lecture Series (http://ws.cs.ubc.ca/~udls/). The talk was given Mar. 30, 2007.
A proportional–integral–derivative controller (PID controller) is a control loop feedback mechanism (controller) commonly used in industrial control systems. A PID controller continuously calculates an error value as the difference between a measured process variable and a desired setpoint.
In this paper, we propose a new technique for implementing optimum controller for a conical tank. The objective of the controller is to maintain the level inside the process tank in a desired value. Hence an attempt is made in this paper as Internal Model Based PID controller design for conical tank level control. For each stable operating point, a first order process model was identified using process reaction curve method. The real time implementation is done in Simulink using MATLAB. The experimental results shows that proposed control scheme have good set point tracking and disturbance rejection capability.
A simple, widely used control method. This presentation will provide an introduction to PID controllers, including demonstrations, and practise tuning a controller for a simple system.
From the Un-Distinguished Lecture Series (http://ws.cs.ubc.ca/~udls/). The talk was given Mar. 30, 2007.
A proportional–integral–derivative controller (PID controller) is a control loop feedback mechanism (controller) commonly used in industrial control systems. A PID controller continuously calculates an error value as the difference between a measured process variable and a desired setpoint.
In this paper, we propose a new technique for implementing optimum controller for a conical tank. The objective of the controller is to maintain the level inside the process tank in a desired value. Hence an attempt is made in this paper as Internal Model Based PID controller design for conical tank level control. For each stable operating point, a first order process model was identified using process reaction curve method. The real time implementation is done in Simulink using MATLAB. The experimental results shows that proposed control scheme have good set point tracking and disturbance rejection capability.
The object of this project is to determine and display the frequency of the input power. This is done by using 8051 microcontroller. The circuit of our designed frequency meter includes 8051 microcontroller, Liquid Crystal Display(LCD), Cathode Ray Oscilloscope(CRO) and variable power supply unit.
Micro-controller based Automatic Power Factor Correction System ReportTheory to Practical
This project report represents one of the most effective automatic power factor improvements by using static capacitors which will be controlled by a Microcontroller with very low cost although many existing systems are present which are expensive and difficult to manufacture. In this study, many small rating capacitors are connected in parallel and a reference power factor is set as standard value into the microcontroller IC. Suitable number of static capacitors is automatically connected according to the instruction of the microcontroller to improve the power factor close to unity. Some tricks such as using resistors instead of potential transformer and using one of the most low cost microcontroller IC (ATmega8) which also reduce programming complexity that make it one of the most economical system than any other controlling system.
The object of this project is to determine and display the frequency of the input power. This is done by using 8051 microcontroller. The circuit of our designed frequency meter includes 8051 microcontroller, Liquid Crystal Display(LCD), Cathode Ray Oscilloscope(CRO) and variable power supply unit.
Micro-controller based Automatic Power Factor Correction System ReportTheory to Practical
This project report represents one of the most effective automatic power factor improvements by using static capacitors which will be controlled by a Microcontroller with very low cost although many existing systems are present which are expensive and difficult to manufacture. In this study, many small rating capacitors are connected in parallel and a reference power factor is set as standard value into the microcontroller IC. Suitable number of static capacitors is automatically connected according to the instruction of the microcontroller to improve the power factor close to unity. Some tricks such as using resistors instead of potential transformer and using one of the most low cost microcontroller IC (ATmega8) which also reduce programming complexity that make it one of the most economical system than any other controlling system.
Criterion Unacceptable Minimum Satisfactory Excellent Weight
Topic and Introduction The topic has little relevancy
in the specified area and no
problem statement and the
abstract did not give any
information about what to
expect in the report.
The topic has somewhat
relevancy and/or the
problem statement was
poorly constructed,
and/or the abstract
provides little information
on the project
Relevant topic is
selected and the
problem statement is
appropriately
constructed and/or the
abstract provides
adequate information on
the project
Relevant topic is selected and
the problem statement is well
constructed and the abstract
is concise and provides
adequate information on the
project
20
Score 0 7 17 20
Writing Quality The writing is incoherent,
broken, overly long, and
contains many spelling or
grammatical errors
The writing is incoherent,
lengthy, and has some
spelling or grammar
errors
The writing is coherent,
and only has a few
spelling or grammar
errors
The writing is coherent,
concise, free of spelling errors
and grammatically correct
10
score 0 5 8 10
Technical Accuracy Work is not accurate. Work has minimal
accuracy
Work is mostly accurate
with less than two minor
errors
Work is accurate and well
constructed 30
score 0 15 26 30
Clarity of Illustrations,
Diagrams or Charts
Figures, diagrams, tables
are sloppy, and/or not
accurate, and are not
labeled.
Figures, diagrams are
not especially clear, and
but labels and diagrams
are accurate.
Figures, diagrams,
tables are clearly drawn,
clearly labeled, accurate
Figures, diagrams, tables are
clearly drawn, clearly labeled,
accurate. Labels are
descriptive. Diagrams are
exceptionally detailed.
15
Score 0 8 12 15
Solution
& Conclusion Was not logically or
effectively structured and
presents an illogical
explanation for findings.
Needs greater effort to
make it a well-
constructed paper and
the findings were not
logically presented.
Were logically organized
and made good
connections among
ideas. Presents a
logical explanation for
findings.
Information is logically and
creatively organized with
smooth transitions. Presents
a logical explanation for
findings.
25
0 15 21 25
META RUBRIC FOR LAB REPORTS
G:\Online Course Management\SBT Meta Rubrics\Lab Report Meta Rubric.xlsx
ELEC 161 – Module 2 Laboratory - Page 1
ELEC 161 Electronics II
Module 2 Lab: Ideal vs. Real Operational Amplifiers
Introduction.- In this lab we will explore the real Operational Amplifier as opposed to the Ideal Op Amp. We
will study the different parameters that make Operational Amplifiers different across models and will measure
different types of Op Am ps.
Procedure
1.- Offset Voltage
Consider a voltage amplifier with a certain gain Av. We can write Vo = Av * Vin, so when Vin =0, then we expect
the out voltage (Vout) to b.
Part of Lecture series on EE321N, Power Electronics-I delivered by me during Fifth Semester of B.Tech. Electrical Engg., 2012
Z H College of Engg. & Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh
Please comment and feel free to ask anything related. Thanks!
Voltage Mode Control of Buck ConverterManish Kumar
Voltage Mode Control of Buck Converter (Dec 2012 - April 2013): The Buck-converter converts an input voltage into a lower output voltage, it is also called step-down converter. The buck converter is designed in continuous current conduction mode. To get the regulated output voltage, compensation mechanism using voltage mode control is used. This project involved simulation, design and hardware construction of voltage mode control of buck converter using PID compensator. The error signal is compared with a saw-tooth ramp voltage and desired PWM signal.
• Designed and developed a buck converter circuit using the PID Compensator to get a stable output of 5V-5A from an input of 12V.
• Circuit Simulation using ORCAD (PSpice); Stability analysis of the closed loop system for desired phase and
gain margin using MATLAB; Designed PID compensator by modifying the open loop buck converter circuit obtained by Simulation using ORCAD (PSpice). Implemented Compensator and PWM scheme using NXP LPC1768 Micro-controller.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
4. * Overview
This method uses only one capacitor bank and we control the
PF by changing the RMS voltage applied to the capacitor
other than controlling capacitance value.
6. Project overall
The project consists of two main parts :
1 – Power Factor Meter.
2 – Compensation controller.
7.
8. PF meter
* There is two main ways to calculate the PF
* first method use the real and reactive power as shown
in the following equation
* the second method use the time shift between the the
current and the voltage
9. PF meter
In our project the first mission is to find the phase shift
between the voltage and the current
We could achieve this step using help of Zero Crossing
Detector
11. PF meter
The zero cross detection is a circuit that gives a pulse as
indication when the input voltage waveform crosses the
zero axis
Zero Crossing Detector
12. PF meter
The zero cross detection output for both voltage and
current will be the inputs for the Arduino microcontroller
to calculate the power factor of the load
Zero Crossing Detector
13. PF meter
The arduino program performs the following tasks
1- counting the time between Voltage and Current pulses
of zero crossing detector
2- determines the phase shift from the counted time
3- determines the PF from the phase shift
Arduino
14. Calculation of firing angle
*firing angle should be the output of the controller, so it
should be calculated
* Open loop method is used
*We made some assumptions which are
-Pload -Vbus -Qload are constants
16. Calculation of firing angle
*Numerical method which is Bi-sectional Method use
number of iteration to find the value of alfa until the different
between the previous value and the current value will be less
than the specific value
* This method is very practical in our situation because it can
reach a good value of alfa after 10 iterations with very low
percentage of error
Numerical method
Number of
iterations
Max Error (%) Max Error
(degree)
1 50 90
10 0.097 0.1746
17. Calculation of firing angle
* In this method the measured PF of the load is divided
into intervals
*according to each interval, a specific firing angle is
determined
* When number of intervals is increased, the accuracy of
determining the value of alfa is increased
* The compiler takes too small time to perform this method
with respect to the numerical method
Intervals methods
18. Generation of firing angle
*From the calculated firing angle we transform this angle
to a time value
*The time of firing angle should be related to the to the
instant time when the voltage cross the zero axis
*So the generated firing angle to the triac should be
synchronized with the zero crossing detector pulse of
the voltage
21. Comparison
problems in the ordinary method do not exist in our
method
* improvement of PF in steps
* Life time is decreased by increasing the voltage
* As the V Qc V
*As the V Qc V
22. Comparison
After achieving the technical requirements, there is the
economical advantages compared with the ordinary
method :-
* Less cost of the capacitor banks
* No contactors requires
* Easy maintenance
23. Closed loop system
*Our project can be simply done by closed loop method
*The close loop controller is much easier than open loop
*In this method we only need PF meter which is built in
this semester
24. Closed loop system
* System keeps adjusting the value of alfa until the
measured PF of the load equal to reference PF , then
means we don’t have to make any assumption to any
value and the response will be more accurate
*No need to know the real power, reactive power or
voltage at the bus of the load
*Simulation of close loop method was done last
semester
25. Problems
Problems we faced:
*We could not use a closed loop system because we
couldn’t find potential and current transformers
*We couldn’t find PF meter so we built one
26. Problems
Problems may the project face:
The main problem is the harmonics
* harmonics might be a problem for certain loads
*harmonics is a problem to the capacitor bank itself
