Introduction to Communication Systems 4
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This document discusses an EEE 330 lecture on angle modulation and demodulation. It introduces phase modulation (PM) and frequency modulation (FM), the two main forms of analog angle modulation. PM varies the phase of the carrier linearly with the message signal, while FM varies the frequency of the carrier linearly. The document compares and contrasts PM and FM through examples and discusses narrowband FM, wideband FM, generation and demodulation of FM signals, and practical FM demodulators like the frequency discriminator and phased-locked loop.
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4 3-3 frequency-modulation
The document discusses frequency modulation (FM) and provides examples of how a carrier wave's frequency is modulated by an audio signal. Key points:
- In FM, the audio signal controls the instantaneous frequency of the carrier wave, increasing it when the audio is positive and decreasing it when negative.
- The maximum change in the carrier's frequency from its base value is called the frequency deviation (Δfc).
- The modulation index (β) is the ratio of frequency deviation to the maximum audio frequency and determines the dynamic range and spectrum of the FM signal.
- For β > 1, called wideband FM, the bandwidth is much larger than for amplitude modulation and more sidebands are significant.
Frequency modulation
Frequency modulation is the encoding of information in a carrier wave by varying the instantaneous frequency of the wave. The technology is used in telecommunications, radio broadcasting, signal processing, and computing.
The presentation is made by me. I am a student of EEE, RUET.
Amplitude Modulation ppt
This document discusses amplitude modulation (AM) as a type of modulation used to transmit information signals. Modulation involves varying a high frequency carrier signal by an information signal in order to transmit the information signal over long distances. In AM, the amplitude of the carrier signal is varied in accordance with the instantaneous amplitude of the modulating or information signal. This creates two new sideband frequencies above and below the carrier frequency equal to the modulation frequency. The carrier and sidebands together make up the modulated signal. Only a portion of the transmitted power is present in the sidebands containing the information, while the rest is wasted in the carrier.
MODULATION
This document discusses different types of modulation including amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM), phase modulation (PM), and pulse width modulation (PWM). It defines each type of modulation and compares their characteristics. It also discusses the needs for modulation, advantages and disadvantages of PM, and the relationship between PM and FM.
Electronics and Telecommunications: Frequency modulation
This document discusses various digital modulation techniques including frequency modulation (FM), amplitude modulation (AM), phase modulation, pulse code modulation (PCM), pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), pulse time modulation, pulse position modulation, and multiplexing. It defines these terms and concepts, explains how they work, compares AM and FM, and discusses bandwidth and noise considerations for FM.
Analog modulation
This document discusses different types of analog modulation techniques. It describes amplitude modulation (AM) where the carrier amplitude is modulated by the message signal. It requires a bandwidth of 2B where B is the bandwidth of the message signal. It also describes frequency modulation (FM) where the carrier frequency is modulated and it requires a bandwidth of approximately 10 times the message signal frequency. Finally, it discusses phase modulation (PM) where the carrier phase is modulated and it has a higher bandwidth than AM.
Design and implementation of test bench for frequency modulation and demodula...
This document presents a project on designing and implementing a test bench for frequency modulation and demodulation. It contains an introduction to FM radio technology and its history. It discusses topics such as modulation index, Bessel functions, FM power distribution, and average power. It also covers the principles and methods of FM modulation and demodulation, including narrowband FM, wideband FM modulators, and FM demodulator classifications. The project aims to build circuit diagrams for an FM modulator and demodulator. It analyzes the results of experiments on frequency modulation and demodulation. The document contains acknowledgments, an abstract, table of contents, and references.
Frequency modulation
This document discusses Carson's bandwidth rule and methods for generating frequency modulation (FM). Carson's rule defines the bandwidth requirement of communication system components based on the peak frequency deviation and highest modulating frequency. There are two main methods for generating FM: direct and indirect. The indirect, or Armstrong, method uses an integrator followed by a phase modulator rather than a voltage controlled oscillator, allowing for more stable oscillations than the direct method. Phase modulation is also discussed as an alternative technique where the carrier phase rather than frequency varies with the information signal.
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The document discusses frequency modulation (FM) and provides examples of how a carrier wave's frequency is modulated by an audio signal. Key points:
- In FM, the audio signal controls the instantaneous frequency of the carrier wave, increasing it when the audio is positive and decreasing it when negative.
- The maximum change in the carrier's frequency from its base value is called the frequency deviation (Δfc).
- The modulation index (β) is the ratio of frequency deviation to the maximum audio frequency and determines the dynamic range and spectrum of the FM signal.
- For β > 1, called wideband FM, the bandwidth is much larger than for amplitude modulation and more sidebands are significant.
Frequency modulation
Frequency modulation is the encoding of information in a carrier wave by varying the instantaneous frequency of the wave. The technology is used in telecommunications, radio broadcasting, signal processing, and computing.
The presentation is made by me. I am a student of EEE, RUET.
Amplitude Modulation ppt
This document discusses amplitude modulation (AM) as a type of modulation used to transmit information signals. Modulation involves varying a high frequency carrier signal by an information signal in order to transmit the information signal over long distances. In AM, the amplitude of the carrier signal is varied in accordance with the instantaneous amplitude of the modulating or information signal. This creates two new sideband frequencies above and below the carrier frequency equal to the modulation frequency. The carrier and sidebands together make up the modulated signal. Only a portion of the transmitted power is present in the sidebands containing the information, while the rest is wasted in the carrier.
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Analog modulation
This document discusses different types of analog modulation techniques. It describes amplitude modulation (AM) where the carrier amplitude is modulated by the message signal. It requires a bandwidth of 2B where B is the bandwidth of the message signal. It also describes frequency modulation (FM) where the carrier frequency is modulated and it requires a bandwidth of approximately 10 times the message signal frequency. Finally, it discusses phase modulation (PM) where the carrier phase is modulated and it has a higher bandwidth than AM.
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Introduction to fm modulation
Frequency modulation (FM) varies the carrier frequency within a small range based on the information signal. The peak frequency deviation (Df) is the farthest the FM signal can be from the original carrier frequency (fc). The modulation index (β) represents Df as a multiple of the maximum modulating frequency (fm), with Df = βfm. The FM spectrum has multiple sidebands separated by the modulating frequency on either side of the carrier frequency, with the extent of sidebands approximately (β + 1)fm above and below fc.
frequency modulation
Frequency modulation (FM) is a type of angle modulation where the instantaneous frequency of the carrier signal varies linearly with the modulating signal. There are two types of FM: narrowband FM (NBFM) where the modulation index is less than 1, and wideband FM (WBFM) where the modulation index is greater than 1. The bandwidth of an FM signal can be estimated using Carson's rule, which states that nearly all the signal power lies within a bandwidth equal to twice the maximum frequency deviation plus the maximum modulating frequency. FM signals have constant amplitude but varying frequency, so their average power does not depend on the modulating signal and remains constant.
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This document discusses frequency modulation (FM) principles and advantages. It provides details on:
1) How FM works by varying the carrier frequency, not amplitude, in proportion to the modulating signal to transmit information.
2) The benefits of FM include resilience to noise and interference, making it suitable for high-quality audio broadcasts. It also allows modulation at low transmitter power stages using efficient non-linear amplifiers.
3) Additional topics covered are phase modulation which indirectly produces FM, frequency deviation rates and amounts, and sidebands generated during modulation.
Fm transmitter and receivers
FM transmitters and receivers are used for sending and receiving FM signals. Transmitters modulate a carrier wave with an audio signal to generate an FM signal, which is transmitted through a band. Receivers receive the modulated signal, demodulate it to extract the original audio signal. FM offers advantages over AM like noise reduction, improved fidelity, and more efficient power use, though it requires more complex circuits and a larger bandwidth. Applications of FM include radio broadcasting, mobile radio, TV sound, and cellular/satellite communication.
Angle Modulation
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Ppt on modulated and un modulated signal
This document provides an overview of modulation and demodulation techniques used in radio frequency transmission. It discusses how low frequency information signals are modulated onto high frequency carrier signals for transmission, and then demodulated back to their original form on the receiving end. Specifically, it covers the principles of amplitude modulation (AM), including how the AM envelope is formed. It also discusses frequency modulation (FM) and phase modulation (PM), describing how the carrier frequency or phase varies depending on the modulating signal. Direct FM modulation using a variable capacitor microphone is presented as one method for modulating the carrier frequency directly.
Am & fm radio broadcasts
FM encodes information by varying the frequency of a carrier wave while keeping the amplitude constant, while AM varies the amplitude of the carrier wave to encode information but keeps the frequency constant. Both AM and FM are forms of radio broadcasting that transmit information via electromagnetic waves, with FM using changes in frequency and AM using changes in amplitude to convey the encoded information.
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Frequency modulation (FM) is a process that changes the frequency of a carrier wave in accordance with an audio frequency (AF) signal. The instantaneous frequency of the modulated wave is equal to the carrier frequency plus a proportionality constant multiplied by the modulating signal. This creates a maximum deviation from the carrier frequency known as the peak deviation. The modulation index for FM is the ratio of the peak deviation to the modulating frequency. FM uses Bessel functions to generate an infinite number of sidebands around the carrier frequency, keeping the overall power constant. Benefits of FM include noise reduction and the ability for multiple transmitters to operate on the same frequency without interference, while drawbacks are its wider bandwidth requirement and smaller reception area compared
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Angle modulation
1) Frequency modulation (FM) varies the instantaneous frequency of the carrier signal in proportion to the message signal. This results in an FM signal with no amplitude variation but with a varying frequency.
2) The bandwidth of an FM signal is much larger than the modulating signal bandwidth due to the presence of an infinite number of sidebands. However, in practice only the first few sidebands are significant.
3) FM signals can be demodulated through phase-locked loops, zero-crossing detection, or frequency-to-amplitude conversion followed by filtering to extract the original message signal.
Frequency modulation
Frequency modulation was invented by Edwin Howard Armstrong in 1890 and comes in two types: narrow band FM and wide band FM. It works by varying the frequency of the carrier signal based on the modulating signal. FM has advantages like being resilient to noise and signal strength variations while not requiring linear amplifiers, and it allows for greater transmission efficiency than some other modulation modes. However, it requires a more complex demodulator and has lower data spectral efficiency than some other modes since its sidebands extend to infinity. Narrow band FM has a modulation index of less than 1 and a maximum modulating frequency of 3kHz with a maximum frequency deviation of 75kHz.
F m-modulation-and-demodulation
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Frequency Modulation In Data Transmission
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AM FM PM
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Fm
FM broadcasting provides high-fidelity sound over radio using frequency modulation. It transmits two audio channels for stereo sound. FM has better noise control and signal quality than AM as environmental factors only affect amplitude, not frequency. However, AM has a greater transmission range. Key advantages of FM include high-fidelity sound, noise reduction, and ability to transmit stereo audio. Its uses include radio broadcasting, magnetic tape storage, and sound synthesis.
Modulation
This ppt is a detailed description of modulation. It covers almost everything of amplitude modulation.
Am1
This document provides information about amplitude modulation (AM) including:
1. AM is a type of modulation where the amplitude of the carrier signal is varied in accordance with the information bearing signal. The envelope of the AM signal contains the information.
2. There are three main types of AM: double sideband full carrier, double sideband suppressed carrier, and single sideband suppressed carrier.
3. Only a small portion (33%) of the total transmitted power in an AM signal is contained in the sidebands, which carry the information. The carrier power remains constant but does not contain information.
Frequency Modulation
This document discusses frequency modulation (FM) and its types: phase modulation and frequency modulation. It describes the key characteristics of FM including its constant amplitude, higher signal-to-noise ratio, and infinite bandwidth. FM is classified as narrowband FM (NBFM) or wideband FM (WBFM) based on the modulation index. The document also covers pre-emphasis and de-emphasis circuits, methods for generating NBFM and WBFM signals including the direct and indirect (Armstrong's) methods.
Frequency Modulation and Demodulation
This document describes the process of frequency modulation and demodulation through MATLAB simulation. It involves 5 tasks:
1) Modulation using a single tone modulating signal and analysis of the modulated signal spectrum.
2) Repeating task 1 using a multi-tone modulating signal.
3) Demodulation of the modulated signal using synchronous detection.
4) Repeating tasks 1-3 using a different multi-tone modulating signal.
5) Repeating tasks 1-3 using real speech signals as the modulating signal.
The MATLAB code generates the modulated signal, plots the modulating signal, carrier signal and modulated signal spectra. It also calculates the modulation index and modulated signal power for different modulation conditions
Phase modulation
Phase modulation (PM) is a form of modulation where information is represented by variations in the instantaneous phase of a carrier wave. The phase angle of the complex envelope is changed in direct proportion to the message signal. PM can be considered a special case of FM where the carrier frequency modulation is given by the time derivative of the phase modulation. The bandwidth of PM for a single sinusoidal signal is approximately equal to the modulation index multiplied by the carrier frequency.
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Introduction to fm modulation
Frequency modulation (FM) varies the carrier frequency within a small range based on the information signal. The peak frequency deviation (Df) is the farthest the FM signal can be from the original carrier frequency (fc). The modulation index (β) represents Df as a multiple of the maximum modulating frequency (fm), with Df = βfm. The FM spectrum has multiple sidebands separated by the modulating frequency on either side of the carrier frequency, with the extent of sidebands approximately (β + 1)fm above and below fc.
frequency modulation
Frequency modulation (FM) is a type of angle modulation where the instantaneous frequency of the carrier signal varies linearly with the modulating signal. There are two types of FM: narrowband FM (NBFM) where the modulation index is less than 1, and wideband FM (WBFM) where the modulation index is greater than 1. The bandwidth of an FM signal can be estimated using Carson's rule, which states that nearly all the signal power lies within a bandwidth equal to twice the maximum frequency deviation plus the maximum modulating frequency. FM signals have constant amplitude but varying frequency, so their average power does not depend on the modulating signal and remains constant.
Frequency modulation
This document discusses frequency modulation (FM) principles and advantages. It provides details on:
1) How FM works by varying the carrier frequency, not amplitude, in proportion to the modulating signal to transmit information.
2) The benefits of FM include resilience to noise and interference, making it suitable for high-quality audio broadcasts. It also allows modulation at low transmitter power stages using efficient non-linear amplifiers.
3) Additional topics covered are phase modulation which indirectly produces FM, frequency deviation rates and amounts, and sidebands generated during modulation.
Fm transmitter and receivers
FM transmitters and receivers are used for sending and receiving FM signals. Transmitters modulate a carrier wave with an audio signal to generate an FM signal, which is transmitted through a band. Receivers receive the modulated signal, demodulate it to extract the original audio signal. FM offers advantages over AM like noise reduction, improved fidelity, and more efficient power use, though it requires more complex circuits and a larger bandwidth. Applications of FM include radio broadcasting, mobile radio, TV sound, and cellular/satellite communication.
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Introduction to Angle Modulation, Types of Angle Modulation, Frequency Modulation and Phase Modulation Introduction, Generation of FM, Detection of FM, Frequency stereo Multiplexing, Applications, Difference between FM and PM.
Ppt on modulated and un modulated signal
This document provides an overview of modulation and demodulation techniques used in radio frequency transmission. It discusses how low frequency information signals are modulated onto high frequency carrier signals for transmission, and then demodulated back to their original form on the receiving end. Specifically, it covers the principles of amplitude modulation (AM), including how the AM envelope is formed. It also discusses frequency modulation (FM) and phase modulation (PM), describing how the carrier frequency or phase varies depending on the modulating signal. Direct FM modulation using a variable capacitor microphone is presented as one method for modulating the carrier frequency directly.
Am & fm radio broadcasts
FM encodes information by varying the frequency of a carrier wave while keeping the amplitude constant, while AM varies the amplitude of the carrier wave to encode information but keeps the frequency constant. Both AM and FM are forms of radio broadcasting that transmit information via electromagnetic waves, with FM using changes in frequency and AM using changes in amplitude to convey the encoded information.
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concept of (FM) Frequency modulation class 12th full ppt
Frequency modulation (FM) is a process that changes the frequency of a carrier wave in accordance with an audio frequency (AF) signal. The instantaneous frequency of the modulated wave is equal to the carrier frequency plus a proportionality constant multiplied by the modulating signal. This creates a maximum deviation from the carrier frequency known as the peak deviation. The modulation index for FM is the ratio of the peak deviation to the modulating frequency. FM uses Bessel functions to generate an infinite number of sidebands around the carrier frequency, keeping the overall power constant. Benefits of FM include noise reduction and the ability for multiple transmitters to operate on the same frequency without interference, while drawbacks are its wider bandwidth requirement and smaller reception area compared
Frequency modulation and its application
This document discusses frequency modulation (FM) including its definition, modulation index, spectrum characteristics, types of FM modulation, generation of FM using phase modulation, advantages and disadvantages compared to other modulation techniques, and applications of FM such as in radio broadcasting, television sound, and satellite television. FM provides noise immunity and allows adjusting the noise level by changing the frequency deviation. It is widely used for radio but requires more complex transmission and reception equipment than other modulation methods.
Angle modulation
1) Frequency modulation (FM) varies the instantaneous frequency of the carrier signal in proportion to the message signal. This results in an FM signal with no amplitude variation but with a varying frequency.
2) The bandwidth of an FM signal is much larger than the modulating signal bandwidth due to the presence of an infinite number of sidebands. However, in practice only the first few sidebands are significant.
3) FM signals can be demodulated through phase-locked loops, zero-crossing detection, or frequency-to-amplitude conversion followed by filtering to extract the original message signal.
Frequency modulation
Frequency modulation was invented by Edwin Howard Armstrong in 1890 and comes in two types: narrow band FM and wide band FM. It works by varying the frequency of the carrier signal based on the modulating signal. FM has advantages like being resilient to noise and signal strength variations while not requiring linear amplifiers, and it allows for greater transmission efficiency than some other modulation modes. However, it requires a more complex demodulator and has lower data spectral efficiency than some other modes since its sidebands extend to infinity. Narrow band FM has a modulation index of less than 1 and a maximum modulating frequency of 3kHz with a maximum frequency deviation of 75kHz.
F m-modulation-and-demodulation
Frequency modulation (FM) involves varying the frequency of a carrier wave based on the instantaneous amplitude of a modulating signal. FM provides improved signal-to-noise ratio and less interference between stations compared to amplitude modulation, but uses much more bandwidth and requires more complex transmitter and receiver circuits. The document discusses modulation index, frequency deviation, Carson's bandwidth rule for FM signals, and includes a circuit diagram for a frequency modulator and demodulator that is used to generate and recover a message signal.
Frequency Modulation In Data Transmission
The document discusses frequency modulation (FM) in data transmission. It defines key terms like frequency, modulation, data, and transmission. It describes different types of modulation including FM and how it differs from amplitude modulation. It discusses narrowband and wideband FM, how to generate FM signals both indirectly using an integrator and directly using a voltage-controlled oscillator. It also covers FM demodulation using frequency discrimination and phase-locked loops. Finally, it provides details on stereo FM transmission, including how the left and right signals are combined for compatibility with mono receivers.
AM FM PM
This document discusses different types of analog modulation techniques used in wireless communication, including amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM), and phase modulation (PM). It provides details on how each works, their advantages and disadvantages, and examples of applications. AM varies the amplitude of the carrier signal, is simple but susceptible to noise. FM varies the frequency, has better noise immunity than AM. PM varies the phase and is used for satellite communication, though it has a more complex circuitry than AM and FM.
Fm
FM broadcasting provides high-fidelity sound over radio using frequency modulation. It transmits two audio channels for stereo sound. FM has better noise control and signal quality than AM as environmental factors only affect amplitude, not frequency. However, AM has a greater transmission range. Key advantages of FM include high-fidelity sound, noise reduction, and ability to transmit stereo audio. Its uses include radio broadcasting, magnetic tape storage, and sound synthesis.
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This ppt is a detailed description of modulation. It covers almost everything of amplitude modulation.
Am1
This document provides information about amplitude modulation (AM) including:
1. AM is a type of modulation where the amplitude of the carrier signal is varied in accordance with the information bearing signal. The envelope of the AM signal contains the information.
2. There are three main types of AM: double sideband full carrier, double sideband suppressed carrier, and single sideband suppressed carrier.
3. Only a small portion (33%) of the total transmitted power in an AM signal is contained in the sidebands, which carry the information. The carrier power remains constant but does not contain information.
Frequency Modulation
This document discusses frequency modulation (FM) and its types: phase modulation and frequency modulation. It describes the key characteristics of FM including its constant amplitude, higher signal-to-noise ratio, and infinite bandwidth. FM is classified as narrowband FM (NBFM) or wideband FM (WBFM) based on the modulation index. The document also covers pre-emphasis and de-emphasis circuits, methods for generating NBFM and WBFM signals including the direct and indirect (Armstrong's) methods.
Frequency Modulation and Demodulation
This document describes the process of frequency modulation and demodulation through MATLAB simulation. It involves 5 tasks:
1) Modulation using a single tone modulating signal and analysis of the modulated signal spectrum.
2) Repeating task 1 using a multi-tone modulating signal.
3) Demodulation of the modulated signal using synchronous detection.
4) Repeating tasks 1-3 using a different multi-tone modulating signal.
5) Repeating tasks 1-3 using real speech signals as the modulating signal.
The MATLAB code generates the modulated signal, plots the modulating signal, carrier signal and modulated signal spectra. It also calculates the modulation index and modulated signal power for different modulation conditions
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concept of (FM) Frequency modulation class 12th full ppt
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Similar to Introduction to Communication Systems 4
Phase modulation
Phase modulation (PM) is a form of modulation where information is represented by variations in the instantaneous phase of a carrier wave. The phase angle of the complex envelope is changed in direct proportion to the message signal. PM can be considered a special case of FM where the carrier frequency modulation is given by the time derivative of the phase modulation. The bandwidth of PM for a single sinusoidal signal is approximately equal to the modulation index multiplied by the carrier frequency.
comparisonofamandfmmodulation-200811174120 (1).pptx
Chatbots: AI-powered chatbots are used in CRM systems to provide automated customer support and assistance. Chatbots can handle a wide range of customer inquiries, answer frequently asked questions, and provide relevant information in real-time. They can engage in natural language conversations, understand customer intent, and provide personalized recommendations or solutions.
Comparison of AM and FM Modulation
This document discusses amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM). It defines modulation as encoding information from a message by varying parameters of a carrier signal. AM varies the amplitude of the carrier wave based on the modulating signal, while FM varies the frequency. AM is more susceptible to noise but can transmit over longer distances. It has lower bandwidth so can have more stations. In contrast, FM has better sound quality and is less prone to interference, though FM signals are impacted more by barriers. The document provides examples of applications for each including radio broadcasting and data transmission. It concludes with definitions of key modulation terms.
Different type of modulation schemes used in Analog Modulation
Modulation is a technique used to vary the characteristics of a carrier signal in accordance with a message signal. There are two main types of modulation: analog and digital. Analog modulation varies amplitude, frequency, or phase of a sinusoidal carrier signal. The three types of analog modulation are amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM), and phase modulation (PM). AM varies the amplitude of the carrier, FM varies the frequency, and PM varies the phase. Digital modulation uses digital signals such as amplitude-shift keying, frequency-shift keying, and phase-shift keying.
Frequency and phase modulation
This document discusses frequency, modulation, phase modulation, and frequency modulation. It provides definitions and comparisons of key concepts:
- Frequency is the number of waves that pass per second. Modulation involves converting data into radio waves by varying a carrier signal.
- Phase modulation varies the phase of the carrier wave, while frequency modulation varies the frequency. Phase modulation has better noise immunity than frequency modulation.
- Modulation index is a ratio that compares frequency deviation to modulating frequency in frequency modulation. Percent modulation compares actual to maximum allowed frequency deviation. It indicates the degree of carrier wave variation from the modulating signal.
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This document discusses various modulation and demodulation techniques. It begins by defining modulation as combining a low frequency signal with a high frequency carrier wave. It then describes different types of modulation including: amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM), phase modulation (PM), pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), pulse width modulation (PWM), and pulse position modulation (PPM). It also discusses digital modulation techniques like pulse code modulation (PCM). For each technique, it provides the mathematical equations and diagrams to illustrate how the modulation works and compares their advantages and disadvantages. The document concludes by stating that demodulation is the reverse process of extracting the original information signal from the modulated carrier wave.
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Modulasi.pptx
This document discusses different types of modulation techniques. It describes analog modulation techniques including amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM), and phase modulation (PM). AM varies the amplitude of the carrier signal based on the message signal. FM varies the frequency of the carrier signal linearly with the amplitude of the message signal. PM changes the phase of the carrier signal based on the message signal. The document also briefly introduces digital modulation techniques, noting they are similar to analog modulation but operate on discrete amplitude levels for binary digital signals using amplitude-shift keying, frequency-shift keying, or phase-shift keying.
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This document discusses frequency modulation (FM) and provides details about:
1) FM can be used for both analog and digital data transmission by varying the instantaneous frequency of a carrier wave.
2) In analog FM the carrier frequency varies continuously, while in digital FM it shifts abruptly between discrete frequency states.
3) FM bandwidth depends on the modulation index, with higher indices resulting in wider bandwidth signals classified as wideband FM.
What Is A Carrier
A carrier signal is a frequency that is modulated to carry analog or digital information for communication. Common examples are radio transmitters that modulate the frequency or amplitude of a carrier signal to transmit audio information. A carrier system provides multiple point-to-point communication channels using a technique like time-division multiplexing. Carrier service providers offer telephone and data communication between locations using networks like those built by Regional Bell Operating Companies. Modulation involves impressing voice, music, pictures or data onto a radio frequency carrier wave by varying its amplitude, frequency or phase. Common modulation types include amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, phase modulation, pulse code modulation and pulse duration modulation.
Introduction to communication system lecture3
This document provides an overview of angle modulation techniques, including phase modulation and frequency modulation. It defines these terms and discusses how they work. It also covers topics like FM bandwidth, generation of narrowband and wideband FM signals, FM detection methods, and noise analysis for AM and FM signals. Key points include: Angle modulation varies the angle of the carrier wave according to the baseband signal while keeping amplitude constant. It can provide better noise performance than AM at the cost of increased bandwidth. Narrowband FM has a bandwidth of about 2fm while wideband FM bandwidth is about 2Δf. FM detection can be done with differentiation and envelope detection or using a phase locked loop with a VCO.
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This document summarizes key concepts about frequency modulation (FM) including:
- In FM, the carrier amplitude remains constant while the carrier frequency varies proportionally to the modulating signal amplitude.
- Parameters like frequency deviation, modulation index, and sidebands are discussed. Bessel functions are used to calculate sideband amplitudes.
- FM has advantages over AM for noise suppression because transient noise spikes do not affect the frequency modulated signal and can be eliminated through limiting in receivers. Preemphasis of high frequencies is also used to counteract noise.
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This document summarizes Chapter 5 of a textbook on frequency modulation. It covers the basic principles of frequency modulation and phase modulation, including how the carrier frequency varies with the modulating signal. It also discusses modulation index and sidebands, describing how sideband amplitude is determined by Bessel functions. The chapter examines noise suppression benefits of FM and how limiter circuits can remove noise from FM signals. It provides examples of calculating modulation index and signal bandwidth.
40ce.ppt
Amplitude modulation (AM) varies the amplitude of a high-frequency carrier wave using a modulating signal. For AM, the information is contained within the amplitude variations of the carrier wave. A modulator multiplies the carrier wave with the modulating signal to generate the AM signal. In demodulation, the original signal is recovered. The AM spectrum consists of the carrier frequency flanked by upper and lower sidebands containing the modulating signal information. The modulation index k indicates the degree of amplitude variation, with higher k representing more complete modulation.
Dasar Modulasi dalam Telekomunikasi Analog
Modulation involves varying the amplitude, frequency, or phase of a carrier signal based on a message signal. There are two main types of modulation: analog and digital. Analog modulation uses a continuous message signal and can vary the amplitude (AM), frequency (FM), or phase (PM) of the carrier. Digital modulation uses a discrete, binary message signal and the main types are amplitude-shift keying (ASK), frequency-shift keying (FSK), and phase-shift keying (PSK).
Chapter03 fm modulation
this gives a brief introduction about the frequency modulation in while using analog informational signal and provide comparison between AM and FM
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Different type of modulation schemes used in Analog Modulation
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Introduction to Communication Systems 4
- 1. EEE 330 Introduction to Communication Systems Lecture # 4 Angle Modulation and Demodulation
- 2. Overview The Objectives of Today’s Lecture is to introduce angle (or exponential) modulation Analog Angle modulation is a non-linear modulation technique that maps the message signal to the angle of a transmitted carrier There are two basic forms: Phase Modulation (PM) Frequency Modulation (FM) Read Carlson et al, Chapter 5, Lathi 4.1 – 4.8
- 4. PM and FM There are two basic forms of angle modulation Frequency Modulation (FM) Phase Modulation (PM) FM – the frequency of the carrier is varied linearly with the message signal PM – the phase of the carrier is varied linearly with the message signal
- 6. FM
- 8. Non-linear Nature of Angle Modulation
- 9. Non-linear modulation – cont.
- 10. Transmitted Signals for Angle Modulation
- 13. FM vs. AM
- 14. Comparison of PM and FM: Example #1
- 15. Comparison of PM and FM: Example #2 FM signal shows continuous frequency increase PM signal has single frequency shift
- 16. Comparison of PM and FM: Example #3 Frequency change for FM Phase change for PM
- 17. Comparison of PM and FM: Example #4
- 18. Equivalency of Frequency Modulation and Phase Modulation
- 19. Comparison of FM and PM They are very similar in signal structure Both allow designer to trade bandwidth for power efficiency FM has advantages in: Ease of implementation Performance in noise Larger range of BW/performance trade-off FM is used almost exclusively
- 20. FM – Tone Modulation
- 21. Sinusoidal Message Signal (Tone Modulation)
- 23. NBFM
- 27. Wideband FM – Tone modulation
- 28. WBFM - Tone modulation
- 29. Spectrum of Tone Modulation
- 30. Narrowband vs. Wideband FM
- 31. Spectrum
- 32. Spectrum
- 33. NBFM vs. WBFM
- 34. Example
- 35. Example- Cont.
- 36. Example- Cont.
- 37. Example- Cont.
- 38. Bandwidth
- 39. Example- Cont.
- 40. Bandwidth
- 41. Carson’s Rule – General Signals
- 42. Generation and Demodulation of FM Signals
- 45. Generation of WBFM – Direct Method
- 46. Generation of WBFM – Indirect Method
- 47. Generation of WBFM – Indirect Method
- 48. Demodulators for FM Signals
- 56. PLL
- 57. PLL