1. Point Mutations Mutations involving a few nucleotides, sometimes as few as a single one (SNPs) 04/19/10
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4. Shape and AA Sequence 04/19/10 Genistein, bound to estrogen receptor-b. Only two amino acids (shown) differ between the two estrogen receptors. ( purple : ER-a) ( yellow: ER-b)
29. Without the Presence of the Environmental Factor, These Genes Do Not Lead to Disease 04/19/10 Read about: Genetics, race, ethnicity, and health A SAMPLING OF ENVIRONMENTAL GENES Polymorphism Function Environmental exposure Associated disease CYP1A1 Activation Smoking Lung cancer NAT2 Detoxification Smoking Bladder, breast cancer GSTT1 Detoxification Chlorinated solvents Cancer, toxicity Paraoxonase Detoxification Nerve agents, pesticides Nervous system damage HLA-H Nutritional factors Iron in diet Hemochromatosis TGF-alpha Growth factor Maternal smoking Cleft lip & palate Locus on chrom. 17 in mice Immune/inflammatory response Ozone Lung inflammation HLA-DP bet1 marker Immune response Beryllium Chronic beryllium disease (lung disorder) ALAD Biosynthesis Lead Lead poisoning
30. More about diseases (heart, cancer, diabetes) and environment here (very informative!) 04/19/10
36. 04/19/10 Published by AAAS R. L. Lamason et al., Science 310, 1782 -1786 (2005) Fig. 6. Effect of SLC24A5 Genotype on Pigmentation in Admixed Populations
37. Genes and the Size of a Dog A SNIP in the IGF-1 Gene Determines Dog Size 04/19/10
1: particle that binds (ligere = to bind, as in liaison) HORMONAL CHALLENGE: An X-ray structure of genistein bound to the Estrogen Receptor-b ligand1-binding domain demonstrates the difficulty that faced ER-b drug developers:
Temperature affects expression of the gene for black fur pigment. This gene is expressed only below a certain temperature threshold
1: genes for making dark pigment are switched on at cold temperatures and switched off at warm temperatures. That explains the color pattern of the rabbit.