Kisruh kehadiran sampah Tangerang Selatan
Ke TPA Cilowong Serang. Lalu, teridentifikasinya plastik mikro pada botol susu bayi tetapi pada gallon dan potensi ancaman bagi kesehatan manusia. Terakhir, adalah kontribusi plastik dalam proses terjadinya emisi karbon; dalam konteks menjelang COP Perubahan Iklim di Glasgow Inggeris
1. Page 1 of 146 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Oktober 2021
Plastik dan Sampah:
Pantauan bulan Oktober 2021
Oleh: Riza V. Tjahjadi
Tiga issue utama yang mencolok muncul dari pantauan bulan
Oktober 2021, Pertama, kisruh kehadiran sampah Tangerang Selatan
Ke TPA Cilowong Serang. Kedua, teridentifikasinya plastik mikro pada
botol susu bayi tetapi pada gallon dan potensi ancaman bagi
kesehatan manusia. Ketiga adalah kontribusi plastik dalam proses
terjadinya emisi karbon; dalam konteks menjelang
COP Perubahan Iklim di Glasgow Inggeris
OTD 2 tahun lalu
9 Oktober 2019
2. Page 2 of 146 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Oktober 2021
Kemasan Minyak Goreng Seyogyanya Ramah
Lingkungan, Tapi Belum Ada SNI-nya
Rabu, 09 Oktober 2019 18:09
Kemasan Minyak Goreng Diharapkan Berbahan
Plastik Ramah Lingkungan
ilustrasi (ANTARA/Aldino Anatusa)
JAKARTA (HN) -Kementerian
Perdagangan meminta produsen
minyak goreng mulai membuat
kemasan ekonomis pada Januari
2020. Menurut Peneliti Wahana
Lingkungan Hidup (Walhi) Jakarta
Riza V Tjahjadi, aturan baru itu,
bisa menjadi peluang industri
kemasan plastik ramah
lingkungan untuk mengisi pasar
minyak goreng.
―Ini kesempatan yang sangat baik dan peluang yang selebar-lebarnya buat
industri produsen plastik untuk tawarkan plastik berstandar SNI yang
ekolabel kepada perusahaan minyak goreng,‖ kata Riza kepada HARIAN
NASIONAL, baru-baru ini.
Kementerian Perindustrian dan Kementerian Perdagangan diharapkan
dapat memfasilitasi peluang industri plastik ramah lingkungan demi
terciptanya cita-cita pemerintah dalam hal pengurangan sampah plastik.
―Jadi, nanti bisa memperkaya variasi tipe plastik kemasan,‖ ujar Riza.
Lebih lanjut Riza mengatakan, sampai pada Mei 2019, Badan Standarisasi
Nasional (BSN) melalui Pusat Standarisasi Lingkungan dan Kehutanan
(Puslitan) Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan (KLHK) telah
me-review Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) plastik ramah lingkungan
untuk tas belanja dan SNI plastik daur ulang, juga untuk tas belanja plastik
berbahan daur ulang.
―Ada dua jenis plastik yang sedang direview yaitu plastik yang bisa lapuk
dalam waktu enam sampai 12 bulan, dan dua sampai tujuh tahun,
sementara plastik konvensional yang saat ini digunakan itu rata-rata bisa
lapuk sampai 500 tahun,‖ ujarnya.
Setiap lembaga terkait diharapkan bisa membangun sinergi dalam hal
pengaplikasian kemasan plastik berstandar SNI yang ramah lingkungan.
Saat ini sudah ada beberapa macam wadah makanan (food tray) dari tipe
plastik ramah lingkungan yang bisa lapuk dalam 2-5 tahun.
4. Page 4 of 146 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Oktober 2021
Makanan dan Minuman Indonesia (GAPMMI) Adhi S Lukman mengatakan,
harga murah dimungkinkan karena produsen kecil tidak dibebani untuk
menyediakan investasi merek dan minim biaya pemasaran.
Pedagang menata minyak curah dagangannya di
Pasar Minggu, Jakarta, Selasa (8/10/2019).
(ANTARA | MUHAMMAD ADIMAJA )
"Produsen juga harus menjelaskan
bagaimana jika membeli satu liter
atau satu kilogram. Jadi seharusnya
(minyak kemasan) bisa dijual jauh
lebih murah daripada yang
bermerek," kata Adhi kepada
HARIAN NASIONAL di Jakarta,
Selasa (8/10).
Menurut dia, pelarangan minyak
goreng curah dapat membuka
potensi bisnis baru pengemasan
resmi dan berizin dari pemerintah.
Pabrik besar dapat berkoordinasi
dengan mengirim dengan jumlah
besar ke daerah, lalu dikemas
dengan ukuran yang diinginkan
pasar.
"Ini kan juga bisa menjadi usaha bagi masyarakat perdesaan agar bisa
mendistribusikan lebih dalam lagi. Saya kira ini banyak potensi yang bisa
didalami," ujarnya.
Adhi mengatakan, pemerintah telah berkoordinasi dengan berbagai tingkat
pengusaha sebelum diresmikan Minggu (6/10) oleh Menteri Perdagangan. Adhi
mengklaim pelaku usaha dan produsen telah menyepakati ketentuan pemerintah
untuk menjalankan minyak kemasan. "Semua (pengusaha) sudah sepakat
menjalankan itu," katanya.
Wakil Ketua Umum Asosiasi Pedagang Pasar Seluruh Indonesia (APPSI)
Ngadiran mengatakan, mayoritas minyak curah diminati pengusaha dan
masyarakat kalangan menengah-bawah. "Pedagang gorengan, warteg,
masyarakat (kecil) mayoritas masih menggunakan (minyak curah)," ujar
Ngadiran.
Ia mendukung upaya pemerintah meningkatkan standardisasi mutu dan kelaikan
minyak goreng domestik dengan menjaga higienitas lewat pengemasan.
Pengemasan minyak eceran di pasar dapat meningkatkan kebersihan produk
dan menjamin kesehatan masyarakat.
Namun, ia berharap pemerintah dapat menjaga selisih harga antara minyak
curah sebelum dan sesudah dikemas agar tidak terlampau tinggi bagi
konsumen. Saat ini, harga minyak goreng eceran di pasar rakyat dan minyak
goreng bermerek hanya selisih Rp 2.000.
Berdasarkan pantauan Pusat Informasi Harga Pangan Strategis (PIHPS) per 8
Oktober 2019, rata-rata nasional harga minyak goreng curah naik Rp 100 (0,9
persen) menjadi Rp 11.200/kg, minyak goreng kemasan merk I naik Rp 100 (0,7
6. Page 6 of 146 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Oktober 2021
Meski sudah mewajibkan minyak goreng sawit dijual dalam bentuk kemasan,
tetapi Kemendag masih mengizinkan adanya penjualan minyak goreng curah
yang beredar pasar hingga akhir 2021.
"Pada saat peraturan menteri ini mulai berlaku, minyak goreng sawit dalam
bentuk curah yang beredar di pasar masih dapat diperdagangkan sampai
dengan tanggal 31 Desember 2021," demikian bunyi pasal 27 Permendag
36/2020.
Sementara itu, ada berbagai hal yang dimuat dalam Permendag terbaru ini,
mulai dari ketentuan umum minyak goreng sawit wajib kemasan, minyak goreng
sawit kemasan sederhana, penggunaan merek Minyakita, hingga pembinaan
dan pengawasan.
Dalam aturan ini disebutkan bahwa produsen, pengemas dan/atau pelaku usaha
yang memperdagangkan minyak goreng sawit kepada konsumen wajib
memperdagangkan minyak goreng sawit dengan menggunakan kemasan
dengan kemasan paling besar sebanyak 25 kg dalam berbagai bentuk.
Baca Juga: Kemendag izinkan minyak goreng curah beredar hingga akhir 2020
Kemasan yang digunakan tersebut wajib menggunakan bahan yang tidak
membahayakan manusia.
Produsen dan pengemas diminta untuk bertanggung jawab terhadap mutu dan
higienitas minyak goreng sawit dan kemasan yang diperdagangkan kepada
konsumen.
Pengecer pun diizinkan untuk mengemas ulang minyak goreng yang
didistribusikan oleh produsen dan/atau pengemas.
Namun, pengemasan tersebut dilakukan secara langsung di hadapan konsumen
dengan ukuran yang lebih kecil sesuai permintaan konsumen dan menggunakan
mesin pengisi kemasan minyak goreng sawit yang disediakan produsen.
Pengecer yang mengemas ulang juga wajib menggunakan kemasan yang
digunakan produsen atau pengemas.
Peraturan ini juga mengatur tentang minyak goreng sawit kemasan sederhana.
Dimana, disebutkan produsen dan pengemas harus menyediakan minyak
goreng sawit kemasan sederhana untuk memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat dan
usaha kecil dan menengah.
Nantinya, harga jual minyak goreng sawit kemasan sederhana di tingkat
konsumen akan ditetapkan oleh menteri.
Sementara itu, ada pula sejumlah pasal yang mengatur tentang penggunaan
merek Minyakita, dimana Minyakita merupakan mereka dagang untuk minyak
goreng sawit yang dimiliki oleh Direktorat Jenderal Perdagangan Dalam Negeri
Kemendag.
7. Page 7 of 146 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Oktober 2021
Dalam pemberlakuan kebijakan minyak goreng sawit wajib kemasan ini pun
dilakukan pembinaan dan pengawasan terhadap produsen, pengemas serta
pelaku usaha .Pembinaan tersebut terbagi atas konsultasi, bimbingan teknis
dan/atau promosi.
Namun, produsen, pengemas dan/atau pelaku usaha yang melanggar ketentuan
pun akan dikenai sanksi. Bagi produsen, pengemas serta pelaku usaha yang
melanggar ketentuan kewajiban minyak goreng sawit sebagaimana yang
ditetapkan akan dikenai sanksi administratif.
Pengecer yang melanggar ketentuan kewajiban penggunaan kemasan yang
disediakan produsen atau pengemas pun dikenai sanksi administratif.
Sanksi administratif terebut berupa peringatan tertulis, pencabutan izin usaha
dan/atau izin operasional/komersial di bidang perdagangan.
Dengan adanya peraturan menteri ini, permendag 80/M-DAG/PER/10/2014
tentang Minyak Goreng Wajib Kemasan beserta perubahannya dicabut dan
dinyatakan tidak berlaku.
Tag Minyak Goreng harga minyak goring Minyak Goreng Curah
minyak goreng kemasan minyak goreng kemasan sederhana
Copyright 2021. All rights reserved
https://nasional.kontan.co.id/news/permendag-36-tahun-2020-masih-izinkan-
minyak-goreng-curah-beredar-hingga-2021?page=all
Tanggapan dari pemegang SNI ramah lingkungan
[10/10 12.08 PM] Sugi GreenHope: Hello Pak Riza, apa kabar ?
[10/10 12.08 PM] Sugi GreenHope: Link ini sdh tidak aktif lagi ya ?
[10/10 12.09 PM] Sugi GreenHope: Pak Riza ada pikiran apa ?
Ini harus ada kemauan dari pemilik/produsen minyak goreng itu sendiri -
apa mereka ada pikiran kesana ?
[10/10 2.39 PM] Riza V Tjahjadi: OOO gt... Cuma update pernyataan.
Saya dua (2) tahun lalu. Selain itu BSN kayaknya setuju ide kemasan
Ramah Lingkungan ... Tetapi jalan/ prosesnya panjangnya, ya, kalau Bos
Sugi proaktif ke arah terciptanya SNI?
OK Tks
8. Page 8 of 146 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Oktober 2021
More Plastic Is On the Way: What It Means for
Climate Change
BY RENEE CHO |FEBRUARY 20, 2020
Plastic trash floating in a river. Photo: Emilian Robert Vicol
With the recent fracking boom causing low gas prices, fossil fuel
companies are seeking other ways to bolster their profits — by making
more plastic. Just as the world is starting to address its enormous plastic
pollution problem, these companies are doubling down on plastic, with
huge potential consequences for climate and the environment.
The over-abundance of natural gas has resulted in the lowest gas prices
since 2016. Consequently, some fossil fuel companies are being forced to
shut down drilling rigs and file for bankruptcy protection. Big companies
like Exxon Mobil, Shell and Saudi Aramco, which see signs of a coming
decline in fossil fuel use, are compensating for the low prices by investing
in plastic production, since plastics are made from oil, gas and their
byproducts. As a result, the World Economic Forum expects plastic
production to double by 2040.
Natural gas contains ethane, which is a building block of plastic. Because
the U.S. has extracted so much ethane with its natural gas, over $200
billion have been invested into 333 new chemical and plastics projects, as
of the end of 2019.
Growth in ethane production, consumption and exports. Photo: USEIA
Judith Enck, former regional EPA director and a founder of Beyond
Plastics, has said that 2020 is a critical year because many of the new
plastic production facilities in the U.S. are in the permitting process; ―If
even a quarter of these ethane cracking facilities are built,‖ she said, ―it‘s
locking us into a plastic future that is going to be hard to recover from.‖
One analyst from the data and analytics firm IHS Markit said that unless
plastic production is slowed down, ―they‘ll just find something else to wrap
in plastic.‖
Ethane crackers
Ethane is an odorless and colorless constituent of natural gas. To make
plastic, companies separate it from the natural gas mixture and convey it in
liquid form via pipeline to an ―ethane cracker,‖ a large industrial plant that
uses intense heat to crack or break apart ethane molecules. These
molecules then reform into ethylene, a basic building block of the
petrochemical industry that is used to make resins, adhesives, chemicals,
and plastics. In the process, ethane crackers can emit pollutants such as
nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide and particulate matter, as well as benzene,
9. Page 9 of 146 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Oktober 2021
which is carcinogenic, and volatile organic compounds that can react with
sunlight to form ground-level ozone.
The United States already produces around 40 percent of the world‘s
ethane-based petrochemicals and is the largest exporter of ethane, selling
to Norway, the U.K., and Scotland, and to China and India, where plastic
demand is rising.
The Department of Energy (DOE) expects that by 2025, the eastern U.S.,
including Appalachia, will be producing 20 times more ethane than it did in
2013.
In 2018, DOE published a report about the potential for Appalachia to
become a new ―ethane hub‖ because of its Marcellus and Utica shale
resources, and the Trump administration is touting the plastics and
petrochemical industry as the next big thing for the region.
The new Shell cracker under construction on the Ohio River in PA. Photo: Drums600
Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia‘s share of U.S. natural gas
production has gone from two percent in 2008 to 27 percent in 2017. IHS
Markit projects that these three states, also known as the Shale Crescent,
will supply 37 percent of the U.S.‘s natural gas by 2040, enough to support
five large ethane crackers. Shell is currently building a $6 billion ethane
cracker 25 miles northwest of Pittsburgh.
New petrochemical plants are also planned near the Gulf Coast of Texas
and Louisiana and the Lower Mississippi River, an area already called
―Cancer Alley‖ because of the toxic emissions from its existing
petrochemical plants. Two large ethane crackers came online on the Gulf
Coast in December with two smaller facilities scheduled to open soon.
Plastic proliferation and pollution
The annual demand for plastic has almost doubled since 2000. And the
growing global population, improving economic conditions and
technological progress will create even more demand for plastics in the
future, according to a report by the International Energy Agency (IEA).
Currently, the U.S. and other developed countries use up to 20 times as
much plastic per person as India, Indonesia and other developing
countries.
Plastic shopping bags. Photo: Peteruetz
The U.S. also produces more plastic packaging waste per capita than any
other country. This throw away plastic packaging makes up 40 percent of
all plastic, with most ending up in landfills; the rest is incinerated or
recycled. A Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) report,
10. Page 10 of 146 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Oktober 2021
Plastic & Climate, found that as of the end of 2015, 8,300 million metric
tons of virgin plastic had been produced globally, two-thirds of which
remains in the environment.
Every year, almost 10 million metric tons of plastic wind up in the ocean,
where it is consumed by marine animals, and plastic waste is found on
beaches in even the most remote places on Earth. Plastic also pollutes
land, especially on farms where sewage sludge is used for fertilizer.
A seal trapped in plastic pollution. Photo: Nels Israelson
Bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical component in the plastic of some water
bottles and the lining of tin cans, has been found in the cord blood of nine
out of 10 infants and in the urine of 95 percent of adult Americans tested.
Some research indicates that it can disrupt hormone and reproductive
systems. Microplastic and tiny plastic fibers have been found in honey,
sugar, beer, processed foods, shellfish, salt, detergent, bottled water and
tap water; however, the health effects of microplastics are still unclear.
The climate implications of plastic
Plastic not only poses an immense pollution problem—it also exacerbates
climate change. The CIEL report warns that the greenhouse gas emissions
from plastic jeopardize our ability to keep the global temperature rise below
1.5˚C. If plastic production stays on its current trajectory, by 2030,
greenhouse gas emissions from plastic could reach 1.34 billion tons per
year, equivalent to the emissions produced by 300 new 500MW coal-fired
power plants. This is because more than 99 percent of plastics are made
from fossil fuels, both natural gas and crude oil—and because plastic
results in greenhouse gas emissions at every stage of its lifecycle.
Extraction and transport
Greenhouse gas emissions result initially when forested land and fields are
cleared to make way for wellpads and pipes to drill for oil and natural gas.
Forests are cleared for drilling. Photo: Jason Woodhead
If one-third of the 19.2 million acres in the U.S. that have been cleared for
extraction was once forested, it means that almost 1.7 billion metric tons of
carbon dioxide have been emitted as a consequence of deforestation;
moreover, the forested land‘s ability to take up an additional 6.5 million
metric tons of carbon each year has been eliminated.
The fracking process emits methane, a greenhouse gas that, over 20
years, traps more than 84 times more heat in the atmosphere than does
carbon dioxide. Methane results from flaring and leakage, which can occur
anywhere from the well to the end user.
11. Page 11 of 146 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Oktober 2021
Emissions are also produced by combusting the fuel to operate the drilling
equipment.
In 2015, emissions from extraction and transport for plastic production
were 9.5-10.5 million metric tons of CO2 in the U.S. alone—the equivalent
of the emissions of 2.1 million passenger cars driven for a year.
Refining and manufacture
―Plastics is among the most energy-intensive materials to produce,‖
according to the head of CIEL. Ethane cracking is energy intensive
because of the high heat needed, and produces significant emissions, as
do the chemical refining processes that make other plastics.
The annual emissions from the new Shell ethane cracker and an
ExxonMobil ethylene plant in Baytown, TX are projected to be equivalent to
adding almost 800,000 new cars to the road. Greenhouse gas emissions
from the Shell plant alone could cancel out all the benefits of nearby
Pittsburgh‘s carbon reduction measures. And these are just two of the over
300 planned petrochemical projects being built in the U.S. mainly to
produce plastic and plastic feedstocks.
Discarded plastic
After it‘s used, plastic is incinerated, recycled or ends up in a landfill.
Carbon from the fossil fuel feedstock is locked into plastic products and
emitted when plastic is incinerated or decomposes. In 2015, 25 percent of
global plastic waste was incinerated; in the U.S., emissions from plastic
incineration were equivalent to 5.9 million metric tons of CO2, equivalent to
the emissions from heating 681,000 homes for a year.
Only about 8.4 percent of plastic is recycled. But, according to scientists
from UC Santa Barbara, even recycling plastic produces greenhouse gas
emissions, as fossil fuels are combusted to run the machines that shred
plastic waste and heat it up to make other products.
Plastic pollution in Ghana. Photo: Muntaka Chasant
Plastics in the environment, such as those that persist in landfills and litter
coastlines all over the world, have been found by University of Hawaii
researchers to release the greenhouse gases methane and ethylene when
sunlight hits them; moreover, emissions from plastic on the ocean surface
increase as the plastic breaks down.
Could microplastics affect the ocean‘s ability to absorb carbon dioxide?
12. Page 12 of 146 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Oktober 2021
The ocean absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, thus reducing the
amount of warming emissions would cause if they remained in the
atmosphere. Phytoplankton in the ocean play an essential role in this
process, taking carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and storing it in the
ocean via photosynthesis. Scientists are currently trying to determine if
microplastics in the ocean interfere with phytoplankton‘s ability to
sequester carbon.
Joaquim Goes, a research professor at the Earth Institute‘s Lamont-
Doherty Earth Observatory, said that although he has not seen any studies
that show a direct effect of microplastics on phytoplankton, ―We have seen
microplastics attach onto phytoplankton under the microscope.
Phytoplankton can shed extra sticky carbohydrates through
photosynthesis, and plastics can attach onto the sticky material. One thing
you can assume is that if you have too many microplastic particles, they
compete with phytoplankton for light.‖
Microplastics in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed. Photo: Chesapeake Bay Program
Marco Tedesco, a research professor at Lamont-Doherty Earth
Observatory, who currently researches microplastic in snow and how it
evolves, said that the chemicals used to make plastic could have unknown
effects. ―The chemicals that have been used during their lifecycle are
heavily toxic and there‘s very little regulation about the use of these
elements when it comes to plastics,‖ said Tedesco. ―So the treatment of
microplastics requires an extra level of attention because of the potential
harm related to the chemicals that are used to treat plastics to make them
colorful, more resilient, and impermeable. After a certain point, all the
chemicals can permeate through the plastic and you don‘t know what the
consequences are.‖
In fact, a 2019 study by researchers from Macquairie University in Australia
studied how substances leached from plastic affected Prochlorococcus, a
tiny type of phytoplankton considered a key player in the photosynthetic
process that fixes carbon. Exposure to the leachate compromised its in
vitro growth and photosynthetic capacity and resulted in changes in its
genome.
There is still much that scientists don‘t know about microplastics, their
impacts on the environment or what to do about them, but one thing we do
know: ―Anything that we produce that we put into the atmosphere or on our
planet—microplastics and CO2—are going to be around. They‘re not going
anywhere,‖ said Tedesco, ―You can stop producing plastics now and you
can stop emitting CO2 now, but the effect of what‘s left in the atmosphere
or what‘s around in terms of microplastics will still be huge…. And there‘s
really no clear technological path to the removal of microplastics at any
scale.‖
13. Page 13 of 146 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Oktober 2021
What solutions could yield results?
Recycling
Right now, plastic recycling in the U.S. is not working well. For decades,
the U.S. sent its recycled plastic to China, but in 2017, China banned
certain types of solid waste—mainly plastics. Without a market for recycled
plastic, recycling is no longer economically viable for many municipalities.
The Plastic Pollution Coalition estimates that in 2018, only two percent of
municipal plastic waste was recycled in the U.S. and six times more plastic
was burned than recycled.
Plastic recycling in Bangladesh. Photo: UN Women Asia & the Pacific
That year, the U.S. sent 68,000 shipping containers of recycled plastic to
countries such as Bangladesh, Laos, Cambodia, Philippines, Turkey,
Ethiopia and Senegal — countries that are not able to handle most of their
own plastic waste.
Recycled plastic used to be cheaper than new plastic, but because of the
boom in petrochemical production in the U.S., and because of the demand
for recycled plastic from sustainable companies, virgin plastic is becoming
cheaper than recycled. As an example, Nestle, which is often considered
one of the world‘s worst plastic polluters, is going to pay above market rate
for recycled plastic in an attempt to reach its goal of reducing virgin plastic
use by one-third by 2025.
Plastic bans
Microbeads. Photo: MPCA Photos
As of 2018, 127 countries had some type of legislation regulating plastic
bags, according to a United Nations Environment Programme report.
These bills might involve limiting the bags‘ manufacture or use, taxing them
or regulating their disposal. Twenty-seven countries have banned certain
plastic products, such as packaging, plates, cups and straws. Sixty-three
countries have required extended producer responsibility for single-use
plastics, where producers of the plastic are responsible, financially or
physically, to deal with their disposal.
In the U.S., the only federal ban on plastics is the Microbead-free Waters
Act of 2015, forbidding the use of microbeads in cosmetics. Eight states
have enacted other plastic restrictions, and 24 states have passed
approximately 330 local plastic bag laws.
A global campaign against single-use plastics could make a larger dent in
oil demand than electric cars.
14. Page 14 of 146 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Oktober 2021
Christof Ruehl, a senior research scholar at Columbia University‘s Center
on Global Energy Policy, is sanguine about the effectiveness of these bans
and recycling. He and a colleague researched the potential impacts of a
modest reduction in the demand for packaging material and a small
improvement in plastic recycling. They cited three outcomes. ―It brings
peak oil demand forward by about five years into the mid- to late 2020s,‖
said Ruehl. ―Secondly, it creates stranded assets because a lot of
especially national companies are now heavily investing into new
petrochemical facilities, because they believe plastic demand will continue
rising. And thirdly—this I found really amazing—the impact of a successful
campaign globally against the use of single-use plastics has a larger dent
in oil demand than the dent caused by electric cars.‖ In other words,
effective regulations on plastic could reduce oil demand by at least as
much as the adoption of electric cars 20 years from now.
The CIEL report studied possible solutions to the plastic pollution problem
and determined that five measures would reduce greenhouse gas
emissions the most and deliver environmental and social benefits:
Ending the production and use of single-use, disposable plastic;
Stopping development of new oil, gas, and petrochemical infrastructure;
Promoting zero-waste communities;
Requiring extended producer responsibility;
Adopting and enforcing ambitious targets to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions from all sectors, including plastic production.
It‘s important to bear in mind, however, that even if it were possible to
achieve these measures and eliminate all demand for plastic, ―You will
have to replace the plastic with something else,‖ said Ruehl. ―That
something else would use energy and produce carbon emissions. Glass
and paper, for example, are very energy-intensive. So in order to get a
complete picture, you would have to study these replacements, but no one
has done that yet.‖
Tags:
Center on Global Energy PolicyethaneFrackingLamont-Doherty Earth
ObservatorymicroplasticsNatural Gasplasticplastic bansplastic
pollutionrecycling
International Research Institute for Climate and SocietyLamont-Doherty
Earth Observatory
Authors
15. Page 15 of 146 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Oktober 2021
Advanced Consortium on Cooperation, Conflict, and ComplexityAlex
HallidayAdrienne KenyonAlex FischerAbby MeolaRoger AndersonAudrey
RammingAndrew RevkinAdam SobelAlix TrébaolAastha UpretyAnuradha
VaranasiRobert S. ChenCassie XuCathy VaughanColumbia Center on
Sustainable InvestmentCenter for International Earth Science Information
NetworkCharlotte MunsonColumbia Water CenterCenter for Research on
Environmental DecisionsCari ShimkusCourtney SmallCourtney St. JohnDaniel
BurgessDebbie CookDebra TillingerDavida HellerDiana B SierraDavid
MaurrasseDonna ShillingtonDiego VillarrealDwi SusantoDale WillmanEarth
InstituteEve WarburtonElza BouhassiraEinat LevEvan LimCenter on Global
Energy PolicyEmily O'HaraEric HolthausElizabeth RobinsonEmily
RothenbergEve SolomonElisabeth SydorFarah HegaziKyle FrischkornFrancesco
FiondellaFrank NitscheGina AckermanGavin SchmidtElisabeth
GawthropGabriella CohenGeoffrey HealGilma MantillaGisela WincklerGrennan
Joseph MillikenGrace PalmerGrant GoodrichHamsa SubramaniamHannah
ChangHima BataviaHayley MartinezIndrani DasInternational Research Institute
for Climate and SocietyIvy MorganJaclyn Leigh CarlsenJames WarieroJessica
CrespoJeffrey SachsJennifer VettelJesper FrantJessica FanzoJeremy
HinsdaleJill A. VanTongerenJim CochranJim GahertyJonathan NicholsJohn
McArthurJohn MutterJacquelyn TurnerJu Young LeeJulia Apland HitzJulie
ArrighiKatherine AllenKalpana VenkatasubramanianKate BrashKate MorrisKate
WeinbergerKatherine ReganKatie HornerKatie JohnsonKavita Jain-CocksKelsie
DeFranciaKelsey DyezKevin KrajickKate Kennedy FreemanKim Anne
KastensKim MartineauKlaus LacknerKristin FrancozKatherine SchulmanKirsty
TintoKelcie WaltherKyu LeeKathy ZhangLakis PolycarpouIsabel Amos-
LandgrafLareef ZubairLaura LyLauren BarredoLauren ZieglerLenfest
CenterLeesa KoLonnie ThompsonLaura PirainoLily RobertsLindsay SiegelLucia
RodriguezMadeleine RubensteinMargie TurrinMariapaola SuttoMarie DeNoia
AronsohnMary-Elena CarrMattias ChesleyMeag
https://news.climate.columbia.edu/2020/02/20/plastic-production-climate-
change/
Plastikmikro pun ada pada botol susu bayi… kajian
MICROPLASTICS
Bottle-Fed Babies May Consume Millions of
Microplastic Particles a Day
Jordan Davidson
Oct. 20, 2020 11:52AM EST
HEALTH + WELLNESS
New research finds baby bottles may release millions of microplastic
particles with each feeding. Beeki / Needpix
16. Page 16 of 146 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Oktober 2021
The process of preparing and mixing
a baby bottle formula seems
innocuous, but new research finds
this common occurrence is actually
releasing millions of microplastic
particles from the bottle's lining,
Wired reported.
Microplastics are particles that are
smaller than five millimeters long.
Sterilizing and mixing formula may
also release trillions of nanoplastic
particles, which are billionths of a
meter long, Wired reported.
The new study published in Nature Food found that the amount of
microplastic babies consume is much larger than previous estimates. "We
were absolutely gobsmacked," study co-author John Boland told The
Guardian. "A study last year by the World Health Organization (WHO)
estimated adults would consume between 300 and 600 microplastics a day
— our average values were on the order of a million or millions."
"The numbers are, well, frightening," Deonie Allen, who studies
microplastics at the University of Strathclyde in Scotland, but wasn't
involved in the research, told Wired. "They're bigger than any exposure
tests that have been done before for human uptake."
The researchers examined the amount of formula that infants up to a year
old consumed in 48 global regions. They discovered that, on average,
bottle-fed babies were exposed to 1.6 million microplastic particles a day,
The Guardian reported.
"We have to start doing the health studies to understand the implications,"
Boland told The Guardian. "We're already working with colleagues to look
at what buttons in the immune system these particles begin to press."
The researchers explained their methodology and results in The
Conversation. They used common polypropylene baby bottles, and
followed the WHO's 2007 guidelines for preparing baby formula. This
involved cleaning, sterilizing and mixing formula. The results were that
bottles released up to 16 million particles per liter of water heated to 158
degrees F. The number of particles jumped to 55 million at 203 degrees F.
Not only does hotter water shed more microplastics, but so does shaking
the bottle, which is a common practice for reconstituting formula.
However, the researchers also created a simple four-step method for
reducing microplastic exposure, detailed in The Conversation:
17. Page 17 of 146 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Oktober 2021
Rinse sterilized feeding bottles with cool, sterile water.
Always prepare formula in a non-plastic container.
After formula has cooled to room temperature, transfer it into the cooled,
sterilized feeding bottle.
Avoid rewarming prepared formula in plastic containers, especially with a
microwave oven.
The last step resonated with Boland. He told Wired, "I think the important
learning is never, ever, ever use a microwave oven to heat anything with a
plastic container. Because what happens is you get in fact the local heating
of the plastic and the water together, which gives enhanced levels of
microplastic generation. And so that combination we think is particularly
potent."
Microplastics Found in Human Organs for First Time - EcoWatch ›
Microplastics Are Raining Down on Cities - EcoWatch ›
People Eat 50,000+ Microplastics Every Year, New Study Finds ... ›
Microplastics are in our food and water. How that affects our health ... ›
Microplastics have moved into virtually every crevice on Earth ›
Study: Plastic Baby Bottles Shed Microplastics When Heated ... ›
plastic pollutionpublic healthhealthfoodsciencemicroplastics
https://www.ecowatch.com/amp/microplastics-baby-bottles-
2648408090?__twitter_impression=true
Plastics
Twenty firms produce 55% of world’s plastic waste, report
reveals Plastic Waste Makers index identifies those driving
climate crisis with virgin polymer production
Sandra Laville
Tue 18 May 2021 01.00 BST
Twenty companies are responsible for producing more than half of all the
single-use plastic waste in the world, fuelling the climate crisis and creating
an environmental catastrophe, new research reveals.
Among the global businesses responsible for 55% of the world‘s plastic
packaging waste are both state-owned and multinational corporations,
including oil and gas giants and chemical companies, according to a
comprehensive new analysis.
18. Page 18 of 146 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Oktober 2021
Quick Guide
The top 20 producers of single use plastic
Show
The Plastic Waste Makers index reveals for the first time the companies
who produce the polymers that become throwaway plastic items, from face
masks to plastic bags and bottles, which at the end of their short life pollute
the oceans or are burned or thrown into landfill.
It also reveals Australia leads a list of countries for generating the most
single-use plastic waste on a per capita basis, ahead of the United States,
South Korea and Britain.
ExxonMobil is the greatest single-use plastic waste polluter in the world,
contributing 5.9m tonnes to the global waste mountain, concludes the
analysis by the Minderoo Foundation of Australia with partners including
Wood Mackenzie, the London School of Economics and Stockholm
Environment Institute. The largest chemicals company in the world, Dow,
which is based in the US, created 5.5m tonnes of plastic waste, while
China‘s oil and gas enterprise, Sinopec, created 5.3m tonnes.
Eleven of the companies are based in Asia, four in Europe, three in North
America, one in Latin America, and one in the Middle East. Their plastic
production is funded by leading banks, chief among which are Barclays,
HSBC, Bank of America, Citigroup and JPMorgan Chase.
The enormous plastic waste footprint of the top 20 global companies
amounts to more than half of the 130m metric tonnes of single-use plastic
thrown away in 2019, the analysis says.
It's not just oceans: scientists find plastic is also polluting the air
Single-use plastics are made almost exclusively from fossil fuels, driving
the climate crisis, and because they are some of the hardest items to
recycle, they end up creating global waste mountains. Just 10%-15% of
single-use plastic is recycled globally each year.
The analysis provides an unprecedented glimpse into the small number of
petrochemicals companies, and their financial backers, which generate
almost all single-use plastic waste across the world.
Al Gore, the environmentalist and former US vice-president, said the
groundbreaking analysis exposed how fossil fuel companies were rushing
to switch to plastic production as two of their main markets – transport and
electricity generation – were being decarbonised.
19. Page 19 of 146 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Oktober 2021
―Since most plastic is made from oil and gas – especially fracked gas – the
production and consumption of plastic are becoming a significant driver of
the climate crisis,‖ said Gore.
―Moreover, the plastic waste that results – particularly from single-use
plastics – is piling up in landfills, along roadsides, and in rivers that carry
vast amounts into the ocean.‖
The plastic waste crisis grows every year. In the next five years, global
capacity to produce virgin polymers for single-use plastics could grow by
more than 30%.
By 2050 plastic is expected to account for 5%-10% of greenhouse gas
emissions.
Why have sperm counts more than halved in the past 40 years?
―An environmental catastrophe beckons: much of the resulting single-use
plastic waste will end up as pollution in developing countries with poor
waste management systems,‖ the report‘s authors said. ―The projected
rate of growth in the supply of these virgin polymers … will likely keep new,
circular models of production and reuse ‗out of the money‘ without
regulatory stimulus.‖
The report said the plastics industry across the world had been allowed to
operate with minimal regulation and limited transparency for decades.
―These companies are the source of the single-use plastic crisis: their
production of new ‗virgin‘ polymers from oil, gas and coal feedstocks
perpetuates the take-make-waste dynamic of the plastics economy.‖
The report said this undermines the shift to a circular economy, including
the production of recycled polymers from plastic waste, reusing plastic and
using substitute materials. Just 2% of single-use plastic was made from
recycled polymers in 2019.
―Plastic pollution is one of the greatest and most critical threats facing our
planet,‖ said Dr Andrew Forrest AO, chairman of the Minderoo Foundation.
―The current outlook is set to get worse and we simply cannot allow these
producers of fossil fuel-derived plastics to continue as they have done
without check. With our oceans choking and plastic impacting our health,
we need to see firm intervention from producers, governments and the
world of finance to break the cycle of inaction.‖
Topics Plastics Packaging Plastic bags Corporate social responsibility
Oil and gas companies Oil
Takeaway food and drink litter dominates ocean plastic, study shows
3 months
21. Page 21 of 146 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Oktober 2021
even long after it has been discarded, plastic creates greenhouse gas
emissions that are contributing to the warming of our world.
A report by the Center for International Environmental Law, released in
May, concluded that the impact of plastic production on the world's climate
this year will equate to the output of 189 coal-fired power stations. By
2050, when plastic production is expected to have tripled, it will be
responsible for up to 13% of our planet's total carbon budget - on a par
with what 615 power stations emit.
So how is plastic implicated in climate change?
Almost all plastic is derived from materials (like ethylene and propylene)
made from fossil fuels (mostly oil and gas). The process of extracting and
transporting those fuels, then manufacturing plastic creates billions of
tonnes of greenhouse gases. For example, 4% of the world's annual
petroleum production is diverted to making plastic, and another 4% gets
burned in the refining process.
But how we manage all the plastic that then goes into circulation is equally
troubling. Of the almost 3 million tonnes of plastic that Australia produces
each year, 95% is discarded after a single use. Less than 12% is recycled,
which leaves a staggering amount to be disposed of - in landfills or
incinerated.
We used to rely on countries like China, Myanmar and Cambodia to handle
our waste plastic. It was convenient to bale it up and ship it offshore for
someone else to deal with.
However, the poorly-regulated incineration in those developing nations
posed considerable threats to human health and the environment.
Globally, in this year alone, researchers estimate that the production and
incineration of plastic will pump more than 850 million tonnes of
greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. By 2050, those emissions could
rise to 2.8 billion tonnes.
Alarmingly, at least 8 million tonnes of discarded plastic also enters our
oceans each year, and plastic pollution at sea is on course to double by
2030. Plastic has even been found in the deepest place on Earth - in the
Mariana Trench, nearly 11 kilometres below sea level.
In our oceans, which provide the largest natural carbon sink for
greenhouse gases, plastic leaves a deadly legacy. It directly chokes and
smothers a host of marine animals and habitats and can take hundreds of
years to break down.
As it does, sunlight and heat cause the plastic to release powerful
greenhouse gases, leading to an alarming feedback loop. As our climate
22. Page 22 of 146 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Oktober 2021
changes, the planet gets hotter, the plastic breaks down into more
methane and ethylene, increasing the rate of climate change, and so
perpetuating the cycle.
The smaller particles (known as microplastics) that break off and disperse
are also unwittingly ingested by marine animals, including plankton, and
some of the fish we eat. And why should we care about plankton? Well
these tiny powerhouses play a critical role in taking carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere and water and sequestering it in deep ocean sinks. The full
effects of this are still being studied, but the essential premise is this: when
microplastics threaten plankton populations, more carbon will re-enter the
waters and atmosphere.
Given that our oceans have successfully absorbed 30-50% of atmospheric
carbon produced since the start of the industrial era, it's easy to see just
what's at stake. And this leads us back to the plastic consumption on land
that is driving this mounting plastic pollution crisis.
The more plastic we make, the more fossil fuels we need, the more we
exacerbate climate change.
The only way we can now address the problem is to curb the production of
plastic, especially of the single-use variety, and to ramp up recycling.
Reducing plastic use and waste is a key component of WWF's work. We're
committed to collaborating with our supporters, corporate partners and
industry bodies to improve plastic management and limit its environmental
impact. It's critical if we are to curb greenhouse gas emissions that are
exacerbating climate change, and to protect our marine environments.
Thanks to Mum, I'm now a passionate advocate for recycling. I believe
there‘s much we can do to re-use the plastics we produce, but it's no
longer enough. It's time to put single-use plastic under wraps and begin re-
imagining a future without it.
Recommended reading
Update: An important step towards stopping plastic pollution
There‘s an important update in the plastics space! The Australian
Government has committed to support a global binding agreement as part
of a UN treat ...
READ MORE
Sustainability
The true cost of plastics
24. Page 24 of 146 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Oktober 2021
sebelumnya karena pada WCD 2021 masyarakat dapat berkontribusi
dengan mengikuti ‗Instagram Photo Challenge Donasi Mangrove,‘ dan
untuk setiap post yang diunggah dapat dikonversi dengan satu pohon
mangrove. Syaratnya, masyarakat dapat mengunggah foto saat
melakukan kegiatan peduli lingkungan seperti memilah sampah,
membersihkan lingkungan sekitar, menanam pohon, dan mendaur ulang
sampah.
Selain dapat membagikan cerita melalui media sosial, masyarakat juga
bisa berkontribusi menyumbangkan pohon mangrove dan turut
mendukung kegiatan sosial Allianz Indonesia melalui Yayasan Allianz
Peduli. Caranya dengan berbelanja merchandise resmi Allianz Indonesia
di https://azboutique.gifted.id/ , seperti botol minum atau peralatan makan
yang bisa digunakan berulang kali sehingga bisa mengurangi sampah
plastik sekali pakai. Untuk setiap pembelian minimal Rp150 ribu dan
kelipatannya akan dikonversikan dengan satu pohon mangrove.
Masyarakat yang telah berpartisipasi menyumbangkan pohon mangrove
ini akan mendapatkan sertifikat elektronik sebagai bentuk kontribusinya
pada kelestarian lingkungan. Kegiatan donasi pohon mangrove ini bukan
hanya berlansung selama World Cleanup Day saja, tetapi masyarakat
tetap dapat berkontribusi menyelamatkan bumi dengan menggunakan
polis elektronik, satu polis elektronik yang terdaftar sama dengan satu
pohon mangrove untuk ditanam.
Lebih lanjut, YAP juga bekerja sama dengan Majalah Bobo mengadakan
kelas virtual untuk anak-anak, "Membuat Sampah Menjadi Kreasi Mainan
Daur Ulang". Sebuah kelas yang mengajarkan bagaimana menyulap
sampah yang ada di rumah menjadi sebuah mainan yang bernilai. Selain
memanfaatkan sampah di rumah, kegiatan ini juga berguna untuk
mengasah kreativitas masyarakat, khususnya generasi penerus, untuk
lebih bijak mengelola sampah.
Masalah pengolahan sampah juga menjadi bahan diskusi dalam webinar
World Cleanup Day 2021 pada 18 September 2021 lalu, yang
dilaksanakan bersama dengan CarbonEthics. Webinar ini menghadirkan
CEO & Co-Founder Rekosistem, Ernest C. Layman, ―Salah satu alasan
kami mendirikan Rekosistem adalah karena masih belum optimalnya
sistem pengelolaan sampah di Indonesia. Rekosistem hadir untuk
meningkatkan produktivitas di sektor pengelolaan sampah dengan
menghubungkan masyarakat dengan mitra daur ulang sehingga sampah
yang terkumpul didaur ulang dengan transparansi laporan data yang jelas
dan reward point yang pada akhirnya memotivasi masyarakat untuk
memilah sampah lebih banyak dan menerapkan gaya hidup zero waste
dari rumah mereka,‖
Lebih lanjut, Mustafa, Ketua Kelompok Petani Mangrove Pulau Harapan,
yang aktif melakukan kegiatan penanaman mangrove turut menyampaikan
26. Page 26 of 146 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Oktober 2021
The overpowering stench is the first thing that I notice, filling my nose and
making my eyes water. Then I see the mountains of rotting waste. This is
Burangkeng, one of Indonesia‘s largest landfills, in the city of Bekasi some
30km from the capital, Jakarta.
On the surface it looks like any other large dumpsite, but among the
regular rubbish lies a growing amount of toxic medical waste. From blood-
filled drip lines to masks, medical gloves and COVID-19 tests. All hidden in
plain sight.
Asia‘s Pandemic Waste EmergencyWhy has COVID-19 taken hold in
Indonesia?What‘s behind Indonesia‘s COVID-19 surge?Cemeteries full as
Indonesia reports 1,000 COVID deaths in a day
As a journalist investigating the impact of the pandemic on Indonesia‘s
waste system, I have spent a great deal of time reporting from morgues,
cemeteries and hospitals, watching how the virus takes tens of thousands
of lives and renders others hopeless and isolated.
Every time I go into the field, I feel isolated, too, as I have to separate from
my family for fear of spreading the virus. I have come to Burangkeng to
find out what happens to COVID-19 waste.
At the entrance, I meet Bagong Suyoto. He is surrounded by heavy trucks
full of waste from across Jakarta, waiting to unload.
Reporter Adi Renaldi and Bagong Suyoto from the National Waste Coalition uncover
used intravenous drip lines, dumped in the Burangkeng landfill [101 East/Al Jazeera]
A man in his early 50s, he knows this site well and visits it regularly. He
heads an NGO called National Waste Coalition (KPNas) and for more than
two decades has been advocating for better management of waste in
Indonesia.
―I did not have an understanding about waste at first, I wasn‘t even
interested in it. But after I investigated it, I found out that waste is a
problem for the environment and for humanity,‖ he says.
‗Used and dumped‘
Since the early days of the pandemic, Suyoto has noticed a rapid increase
in the amount of untreated medical waste appearing in Jakarta‘s landfills.
He is going to show me how easy it is to find.
It does not take us long. Just a few metres inside Burangkeng landfill,
Suyoto locates intravenous (IV) drip bags and lines scattered among other
types of plastic waste. Then he spots COVID-19 rapid tests.
27. Page 27 of 146 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Oktober 2021
Discarded COVID-19 rapid tests and other medical waste are found mixed
in with with regular rubbish at the Burangkeng landfill in Bekasi city [101
East/Al Jazeera]
―There are still many in here,‖ he says. ―They look like they have just
recently been used and dumped in here.‖
According to the United Nations Environment Program (PDF), the rate of
medical waste disposal has risen by 500 percent in Jakarta and four other
Asian capital cities.
As we sift through used masks with gloved hands and poke bags filled with
old medicines, I wonder how this waste came to be here, among
household debris.
Suyoto tells me that most of the medical waste he finds is mixed with
regular waste inside plastic bags. Because the waste is concealed, it is
difficult to track how it enters the landfill, or to trace it back to its source.
Further inside the dump, as we squat on the side of a track watching trucks
unload, Suyoto says the medical waste is mixed like this purely for
economic purposes.
He explains that it is far cheaper for hospitals and clinics to dump their
waste than pay disposal businesses to remove it.
By law, medical waste should be incinerated or sterilised. But the reality is
only 4 percent of Indonesia‘s 3,000 hospitals have a licence to operate an
incinerator.
The Burangkeng landfill in Bekasi city, 30km from Jakarta, is one of the country‘s
largest [101 East/Al Jazeera]
In July 2021, the Minister of Environment and Forestry Siti Nurbaya
acknowledged the growing problem of medical waste. She announced the
government would relax some rules for hospitals and clinics that were
struggling with increased waste, allowing the operation of some
unauthorised incinerators under the ministry‘s supervision.
To a man like Suyoto, who has fought to bring the government‘s attention
to this problem for decades, this response is not enough to stem the
growing tide.
―Governments must provide more thermal technology or incinerator
technology to destroy medical waste, especially waste related to the
COVID pandemic treatment. The government must be serious about it,‖ he
tells me.
28. Page 28 of 146 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Oktober 2021
At the source
To see the source of medical waste first-hand, I visit the University of
Indonesia Hospital. As I walk in, lines of people wearing masks stretch past
the front door as they wait for treatment. Of the 160 to 170 patients
admitted here every day, 80 percent have COVID-19.
I meet Siti Kurnia Astuti, who manages the hospital‘s waste. She takes me
on a tour of the hospital, showing me how staff in the COVID ward take off
their PPE, carefully placing it in marked bags and then in bins, which will
be wheeled to the disposal area at the back of the building.
Here, we find workers weighing the medical waste and storing it for
collection. Astuti tells me the amount has quadrupled during the pandemic,
rising to 10 tonnes each month.
Siti Kurnia Astuti is the head of sanitation at the University of Indonesia Hospital. She
shows reporter Adi Renaldi where the hospital stores its medical waste before
collection [101 East/Al Jazeera]
The hospital used to have its own working incinerator to burn this waste,
but it broke down. Now, they must pay a company about 70 cents per
kilogram to take it away and process it for them.
―So you can imagine how high the cost is that needs to be paid by the
hospital, just in waste processing. While, if we process it using our own
incinerator, we can save about 50 percent of the cost,‖ Astuti says.
But she still worries about where it could end up, and says the hospital
sometimes follows the trucks that take the waste away, to ensure it is not
being dumped.
Back at the Burangkeng landfill, I watch hundreds of waste pickers
scavenging through the piles of rubbish, as if looking for treasure. Carrying
large bamboo baskets and metal picks, they search for items that can be
sold.
IV drip bags and lines are prized products that can be sold for 38 cents per
kilogram to unscrupulous recycling plants.
Scavengers and middlemen
Wilson Pandhika is the secretary-general of Indonesia Plastic Recyclers,
an association that represents 120 plastic recycling businesses. He says
the industry relies heavily on the informal sector.
He also admits that sourcing plastics from unofficial waste collectors has
led to a convoluted supply chain with layers of middlemen.
29. Page 29 of 146 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Oktober 2021
The scavengers who collect medical waste are also putting themselves at
great risk.
Near some landfills on Jakarta‘s outskirts, is a village of people who pick through the
rubbish to find recyclable items to sell, including some medical waste [101 East/Al
Jazeera]
Suyoto takes me to meet them at a village near the Burangkeng landfill.
Here we find small children running around and playing games while men
clean IV drip lines and bottles, stacking them into baskets and bags.
Suyoto picks up some lines with needles still poking off the end and one of
the scavengers tells us how he once got pricked by a needle while
collecting waste.
―You can get tetanus from it!‖ Suyoto warns him.
Needle-stick injuries can lead to serious infections while contact with other
types of medical waste can result in chemical or radiation burns.
Solutions to the problem
Indonesia‘s waste management system is a major concern among
environmentalists. The country has more than 400 landfills on almost 9,000
hectares (22,240 acres) of land.
The practice of dumping waste in open landfills without proper
management, has created mountains of rubbish as high as 40 metres in
another of Jakarta‘s landfills – Bantar Gebang. Built in the 1980s, each day
it receives an estimated 7,500 tonnes of waste. It is predicted it will reach
its capacity in 2021, according to the Regional Development and Planning
Agency.
But you don‘t have to go to a landfill to clearly see that the country is
struggling with the amount of medical waste being generated. Discarded
masks on the streets are now a common sight.
Scientist Dr Akbar Hanif Dawam Abdullah has perfected a method to recycle used
masks into plastic pellets [101 East/Al Jazeera]
I am not the only one taking notice of this. Dr Akbar Hanif Dawam
Abdullah, a scientist at the Cibinong Science Centre, did the maths.
He says, ―Fifty percent of the urban population are wearing disposable
masks. It‘s a big number. Indonesia has 270 million people and if half of
them are wearing disposable masks, we would have 130 million. And if
30. Page 30 of 146 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Oktober 2021
they change masks every day … we tried to calculate it and found that it
produces more than 100 tonnes of disposable masks waste per day.‖
I visit Dr Dawam at his lab in Bandung, West Java, some 150km southeast
of Jakarta, where he and his team have been working tirelessly to find
solutions. When I ask him to explain why he decided to tackle this problem,
his eyes light up and he becomes animated.
Dr Dawam has studied bioplastics for five years, and knows that most
medical protective equipment contains a plastic called polypropylene that
can be recycled.
He shows me the various bits of equipment in his lab as his assistants,
wearing goggles, gloves and white coats, demonstrates the method they
have perfected to turn masks into plastic pellets.
Dr Akbar Hanif Dawam Abdullah monitors the melted plastic as it emerges
along a conveyor belt [101 East/Al Jazeera]
First, they sterilise the masks using alcohol or bleach, then dry them. The
sterilised masks are then melted down at 170 degrees Celsius (338
degrees Fahrenheit).
I watch as the melted plastic comes out of a machine in a long blue sticky
line and is fed onto a conveyor before being cut to pieces.
Dr Dawam proudly holds up the results to show me – colourful pellets that
can be made into new plastic products, including more protective
equipment.
He tells me he is waiting for new regulations to start the implementation of
programmes like his, and that some small and medium recycling industries
are already interested.
―Some industries know it, but they don‘t dare to proceed. The society has
shown their enthusiasm in this matter. Some people have even started to
sterilise [masks], to wash it, to collect,‖ he says. ―It‘s like we are halfway,
we just need to continue.‖
SOURCE: AL JAZEERA
https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2021/10/1/indonesia-pandemic-fuelled-
problem-covid-medical-waste
31. Page 31 of 146 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Oktober 2021
Menyedihkan, Setengah Ton Sampah Plastik
Bergelantungan di Pohon Bantaran Kali Porong
Rangga Prasetya Aji Widodo
1 Oktober 2021, 04:00 WIB
Membebaskan lilitan sampah plastik yang bergelantungan di atas pohon Bantaran Kali
Porong, Desa Kedungmunggal, Kecamatan Pungging, Kabupaten Mojokerto, Jawa
Timur /Zona Surabaya Raya/
ZONA SURABAYA RAYA - Kebiasaan buruk masyarakat membuang
sampah plastik sembarangan masih banyak ditemukan.
Setengah ton sampah plastik bergelantungan di antara ranting pepohonan
bambu di Desa Kedungmunggal, Kecamatan Pungging, Kabupaten
Mojokerto. Karena sudah terlilit di dahan bambu, sampah plastik ini sulit
dilepaskan.
Perlu bantuan 75 orang untuk melepaskan sampah plastik yang sudah
membandel. Lembaga Kajian Ekologi dan Konservasi Basah (Ecoton)
melakukan Kegiatan Operasi Plastik Kali Porong ini pada Kamis 30
September 2021.
Agenda bersih-bersih sampah plastik ini didukung the Body Shop, Balai
Besar Wilayah Sungai Brantas (BBWS Brantas), Dinas Pekerjaan Umum
dan Perumahan Rakyat (PUPR) Mojokerto, Jasa Tirta Rolak Songgo, dan
Relawan Sungai Nusantara.
"Sampah plastik yang berhasil dibersihkan dari pohon-pohon di
Kedungmunggal sekitar 5 kuintal (setara 500 Kg atau setengah ton, red)
sampah plastik," tutur Mochamad Yunus selaku mahasiswa Jurusan
Agribisnis Universitas Trunojoyo Madura.
"Sampah plastik ini terdiri dari tas kresek, sampah sachet bungkus
makanan, sampah pokok sekali pakai, tali, pakaian, senar, botol-gelas
plastik, dan sampah styrofoam yang melilit pada pohon waru dan rumpun
bambu di tepi sungai," ujarnya.
Ketika sampah plastik seberat setengah ton itu dimasukkan ke dalam
karung, hasilnya tertampung sebanyak 30 goni.
Sedangkan, bila sampah plastik yang bergelantungan di dahan-dahan
bambu itu terendam dan terkena air, akibatnya menjadi mikroplastik,
hingga berpotensi mencemari sumber makanan laut pada Kali Porong.
"Kami menghimbau pada warga di daerah aliran Sungai Brantas dan Kali
Porong untuk tidak membuang sampah plastik sekali pakai ke sungai atau
sembarang tempat. Karena sampah plastik ini (muaranya) akan ke Sungai
33. Page 33 of 146 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Oktober 2021
Kabid Penegakan Hukum Perundang-undangan Satpol PP Kota
Tangerang Selatan Sapta Mulyana mengonfirmasi bahwa pihaknya telah
melakukan pengecekan sementara.
Hasilnya, perubahan warna air Sungai Cisadane kemungkinan besar
disebabkan oleh pembuangan limbah bekas pengolahan sampah plastik.
Baca Juga: Wagub DKI Sebut Akan Segera Merelokasi Warga Terdampak
Normalisasi Sungai ke Rusun Pasar Rumput
"Ya, kalau dari segi kesalahan, (limbah) yang dibuang itu ada kandungan
zat kimia yang membahayakan," jelas Sapta, Sabtu (2/10/2021) dikutip
dari Tribunnews.com.
Meski begitu, lanjut Sapta, pihaknya masih perlu melakukan sejumlah
pengecekan lagi terkait limbah apa yang dibuang oleh tempat pengolahan
sampah plastik tersebut.
Sehingga, sebelum hasil uji laboratorium menyatakan bahwa limbah
tersebut membahayakan ekosistem Sungai Cisadane, penindakan pun
belum bisa dilakukan.
"Jadi, kami belum ada penindakan karena saat ke sana (Sungai
Cisadane), mereka (pihak pengolahan sampah plastik) sedang
membongkar plastik yang kecil. Nanti kamu tunggu evaluasi dari tim yang
turun ke lapangan," ujarnya.
Sebelumnya, sebuah video pendek membuat heboh jagad media sosial
Tanah Air karena menunjukkan warna air Sungai Cisadane yang berubah
menjadi merah darah di kawasan Kavling Serpong, Kota Tangerang
Selatan.
Warta Kota melaporkan, salah seorang warga sekitar yang bernama Danu
(38) membenarkan adanya kegiatan pembuangan limbah cair dari tempat
pengolahan sampah plastik ke aliran Sungai Cisadane.
Menurut pengakuan Danu, limbah cair tersebut kerap kerap kali berbuih
dan mengeluarkan bau kimia yang menyengat.
"Limbah itu kayaknya bukan limbah biasa, seperti dicampur bahan kimia
juga. Kalau warnanya apa saja? Ya, kadang putih, hitam, kadang merah,"
ungkap Danu.
"Jika lagi bau, aromanya sangat menyengat. Baunya seperti bahan kimia
gitu. Namanya juga limbah," sambungnya.
Penulis : Aryo Sumbogo
34. Page 34 of 146 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Oktober 2021
Editor : Edy A. Putra
Sumber : Tribunnews.com/Wartakotalive.com
https://www.kompas.tv/article/217963/heboh-warna-air-sungai-cisadane-
berubah-merah-darah-satpol-pp-kota-tangerang-selatan-angkat-
bicara?medium=whatsapp&smid=ee4be9dcaf0c68446fbac62ff7c5127
Siapa Sangka Taman Cantik Boyolali Ini Dulunya Tempat
Pembuangan Sampah
Ragil Ajiyanto - detikNews
Selasa, 05 Okt 2021 17:01 WIB
Taman Mekarsari, di Dukuh Mekarsari, Desa Kaligentong, Kecamatan Gladagsari,
Kabupaten Boyolali, Selasa (5/10/2021). (Foto: Ragil Ajiyanto/detikcom)
Boyolali - Siapa sangka taman yang indah dan asri di sebuah kampung,
Boyolali, Jawa Tengah ini dulunya adalah tempat pembuangan sampah
sementara. Kesan kumuh, bau busuk menyengat, dan menjijikkan kini
sudah tidak terlihat lagi di sini.
Ya, warga RT 01/02 Dukuh Mekarsari, Desa Kaligentong, Kecamatan
Gladagsari, Kabupaten Boyolali berhasil mengubahnya menjadi taman
yang indah. Warga memberi nama tempat di bantaran Kali Salak itu
Taman Mekarsari, sesuai nama kampungnya. Tempat ini pun kini banyak
dikunjungi warga, cuan pun mengalir.
"Awalnya cuma ngobrol santai dengan warga, bagaimana mengatasi
masalah sampah di tempat ini, karena banyaknya sampah sampai ke
sungai, jadi kesannya kumuh, bau dan warga yang mau lewat sini kan
jijik," kata Adi Wisnu Cahyono, Ketua RT 01/02 Dukuh Mekarsari, Desa
Kaligentong ditemui di Taman Mekarsari, Selasa (5/10/2021).
Sepanjang jembatan Kali Salak, Dukuh Mekarsari, ini dulunya dipenuhi
semak belukar yang rimbun. Tak jauh dari situ, ada tempat pembuangan
sampah yang menjadi andalan warga membuang sampah. Bau
menyengat, jalan sempit tanpa penerangan membuat warga bergidik bulu
kuduknya. Mitos adanya lelembut yang tersebar membuat warga takut
melewati jalan tersebut pada malam hari.
Menurut dia, yang membuang sampah di tempat tersebut kebanyakan
justru dari warga luar Dukuh Mekarsari. Saat mengantar sekolah anak atau
bepergian ke pasar dan lainnya, mereka membuang sampah di tempat
pembuangan sampah tersebut. Kegelisahan warga tentang sampah itu
memunculkan ide untuk membersihkannya.
35. Page 35 of 146 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Oktober 2021
"Sehingga obrolan dengan warga, timbullah suatu ide bagaimana tempat
sampah ini kita alih fungsikan untuk mainan warga, kumpulan gotong
royong RT ataupun kegiatan edukasi untuk anak. sehingga timbul
pembuatan taman ini," ujar Wisnu.
Baca juga:
Pasutri Siksa Anak Asuh Difabel di Sleman, Barbuk Tongkat-Borgol
Pembersihan dan pembuatan taman dilakukan sejak sekitar dua tahun
lalu. Kondisi pandemi COVID-19 yang mengharuskan pekerja untuk work
from home (WFH) atau kerja dari rumah, termasuk warga Dukuh Mekarsari
dimanfaatkan untuk bergotong-royong melakukan pembersihan, dua kali
dalam seminggu.
"Sampai sekarang masih berjalan, warga gotong-royong kerja bakti terus
seminggu dua kali. Paling tidak di hari Sabtu dan Minggu," jelasnya.
Pembuatan taman Mekarsari ini pun dilakukan secara swadaya warga RT
01/02 Dukuh Mekarsari. Sehingga tak hanya kerja bakti selama sekitar dua
tahun ini, namun warga juga iuran untuk dana pembuatan taman.
"Dananya dari swadaya murni masyarakat. Warga bantingan (iuran)
semampunya, tidak memandang jumlah. Kalau dihitung pembuatan
Taman Mekarsari ini sudah habis Rp 160 juta ya ada," imbuh dia.
Kini, di lahan tanah kas Desa Kaligentong yang dikelola RT 01/02 Dukuh
Mekarsari itu telah sulap menjadi taman. Lengkap dengan gazebo, kolam
ikan di daerah aliran sungai (DAS), sejumpat spot swafoto, warung kuliner
dan tempat live music. Juga ada mini zoo, namun baru rusa sebanyak 9
ekor dan kelinci.
"Awalnya kita tidak terbayangkan seperti sekarang ini. Ya Alhamdulillah
dengan kerja sama semua warga, menyatu, jadilah seperti taman ini,"
imbuh dia.
Simak selengkapnya di halaman berikutnya...
(sip/ams)
Boyolali taman di boyolali tempat pembuangan sampah birojatengdiy
Baca artikel detiknews, "Siapa Sangka Taman Cantik Boyolali Ini Dulunya Tempat
Pembuangan Sampah" selengkapnya https://news.detik.com/berita-jawa-
tengah/d-5754064/siapa-sangka-taman-cantik-boyolali-ini-dulunya-tempat-
pembuangan-sampah.
Lanjut:
36. Page 36 of 146 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Oktober 2021
Siapa Sangka Taman Cantik Boyolali Ini Dulunya
Tempat Pembuangan Sampah
Ragil Ajiyanto - detikNews
Selasa, 05 Okt 2021 17:01 WIB
Taman Mekarsari, di Dukuh Mekarsari, Desa
Kaligentong, Kecamatan Gladagsari,
Kabupaten Boyolali, Selasa (5/10/2021).
(Foto: Ragil Ajiyanto/detikcom)
Pada malam hari, tempat ini pun tak
kalah indahnya dengan berbagai
permainan lampu. Kini, selama tiga
hari di akhir pekan taman ini banyak
dikunjungi warga.
"Yakni di malam Sabtu hingga
Minggu malam cukup ramai di
kunjungi warga. Ada warung kuliner
dan live music. Tidak ada retribusi
masuk, kami hanya menarik untuk
parkirnya saja," katanya.
Taman Mekarsari ini pun akan terus dikembangkan. Luas tanah kas desa
yang dikelola RT 01/02 ada 3.500 meter persegi. Nantinya akan ditambah
taman lalu lintas, jogging track dan out bond. Pihaknya juga akan bekerja
sama dengan RT lainnya yang mengelola tanah kas desa di tempat
tersebut. Pengelolaan Taman Mekarsari saat ini dilakukan Kelompok Tani
Mekartani dukuh setempat.
Warga lainnya, Marjuki, bersyukur pandemi COVID-19 ini ternyata malah
memunculkan ide kreatif dan membawa berkah bagi warga Mekarsari
dengan membuat taman ini. Menurut dia, Dukuh Mekarsari saat ini sedang
mengalami bonus demografi. Hampir 70 persen warganya berada diusia
produktif. Sehingga program-program kampung bisa dijalankan maksimal.
"Dari 189 penduduk di Dukuh Mekarsari, usia produktif ada 112 orang.
Maka otomatis pola pikir dan kinerja tinggi. Beruntungnya, warga yang
berlatar belakang berbagai kalangan mau menyumbang ide, waktu, tenaga
dan biaya. Kalau destinasi taman ini sudah jadi, akan menjadi penompang
destinasi wisata. Maka perlu manajemen untuk pemesaran sendiri," kata
Marjuki yang juga Kasi Kesra Kebudayaan Desa Kaligentong.
Sementara itu Kepala Desa Kaligentong, Slamet Sumardi, mengamini
bahwa lahan Taman Mekarsari ini merupakan tanah kas desa yang
disewakan ke RT untuk dikelola. Sewa lahan berlangsung selama 3 tahun
dengan biaya sewa Rp 1,8 juta/tahun.
37. Page 37 of 146 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Oktober 2021
"Kami serahkan ke kelompok tani masing-masing RT pengelolaannya, apa
saja bebas. Kita coba tiga tahun lihat perkembangannya. Kalau berhasil
perekonomian warga akan jalan. Begitu bisa jalan, retribusi taman
Mekarsari bisa menjadi sumber pemasukan dukuh dan desa," imbuh
Slamet.
(sip/ams)
boyolali taman di boyolali tempat pembuangan sampah
https://news.detik.com/berita-jawa-tengah/d-5754064/siapa-sangka-taman-
cantik-boyolali-ini-dulunya-tempat-pembuangan-sampah
.
BPOM Pastikan Kandungan BPA dalam AMDK Galon
Masih Aman untuk Bayi dan Ibu Hamil
Kamis, 7 Oktober 2021 | 18:13 WIB
Mashud Toarik (mashud_toarik@investor.co.id)
Deputi Bidang Pengawasan Pangan
Olahan BPOM, Rita Endang.
Ilustrasi; bebas BPA mulai dipromo toko
JAKARTA, investor.id - Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (BPOM)
menegaskan bahwa Bisfenol A (BPA) yang terkandung dalam Air Minum
Dalam Kemasan (AMDK) di Indonesia masih pada batas aman, termasuk
untuk bayi, anak-anak dan ibu hamil. BPOM sudah membandingkan
dengan melihat standard yang disusun Otoritas Keamanan Makanan
Eropa atau European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) dan dengan Peraturan
Menteri Kesehatan nomor 28 tahun 2019 tentang Angka Kecukupan Gizi.
Hal ini disampaikan Deputi Bidang Pengawasan Pangan Olahan BPOM,
Rita Endang dalam diskusi virtual bertajuk ―Keamanan Kemasan Bahan
Pangan Berbahan Baku Plastik yang Mengandung Unsur BPA‖, Kamis
(6/10). ―Kami selalu membuat kajian paparan BPA dari kemasan makanan,
termasuk di dalam air minum kemasan itu secara berkala,‖ ujarnya.
38. Page 38 of 146 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Oktober 2021
Rita mengatakan BPOM juga telah membandingkan dengan melihat
standar BPA yang disusun EFSA. Menurutnya, ESFA menetapkan
tolerable daily intake (TDI) BPA ini adalah 4 miligram perkilogram berat
badan individu perhari dari konsumsinya. ―Artinya, BPA yang ditoleransi
oleh tubuh manusia sebanyak itu jumlahnya,‖ tuturnya.
Tidak hanya itu, menurut Rita, BPOM juga mengecek berapa angka
kecukupan gizi dari setiap individu yang mengonsumsi AMDK yang sesuai
dengan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan nomor 28 tahun 2019 tentang angka
kecukupan gizi. ―Jadi, berapa konsumsi air minum, katakanlah untuk bayi
itu sebesar 0,9 liter, itu kami hitung,‖ tukasnya.
BPOM juga menguji cemaran BPA dalam produk AMDK di dalam tubuh
orang dewasa. Cemarannya itu, kata Rita, dibandingkan dengan standar
EFSA, dan ditemukan dalam tubuh orang dewasa hanya 2,920%
paparannya, ibu hamil 3,316%, anak-anak 6,199%, dan bayi 7,008%.
―Artinya apa? Dari data ini terlihat memang persentase paparannya itu
dibandingkan dengan standar dari tolerable daily intake yang ditoleransi
masih sangat kecil. Jadi dari sini terlihat paparan BPA di Indonesia masih
aman, termasuk untuk bayi, anak-anak dan ibu hamil. Ini masih
ditoleransi,‖ katanya.
Dia menegaskan BPOM selalu mengawal keamanan pangan yang beredar
di masyarakat, termasuk dalam hal mutu dan gizinya. Hal itu juga sesuai
dengan yang diamanatkan dalam UU No.18 Tahun 2012, bahwa kemasan
pangan yang beredar pun harus yang tidak berbahaya. Ini juga sejalan
dengan PP 86 tahun 2019 tentang Keamanan Pangan.
Dia mengutarakan dalam hal pengawasan terkait dengan kemasan AMDK,
BPOM juga mengacu kepada Peraturan Menteri Perindustrian No. 96
tahun 2011 tentang Persyaratan Teknis Industri Air Minum Dalam
Kemasan. Sebelumnya, Kemenperin merilis bahwa produk AMDK galon
berbahan PC aman bagi konsumen. Hal itu karena telah melalui proses
pengujian parameter Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) di laboratorium
yang telah ditunjuk dan mendapatkan akreditasi dari Komite Akreditasi
Nasional (KAN).
―Jadi, ketika industri AMDK itu ingin meregistrasikan, menerbitkan izin
edar, untuk semua produk AMDK-nya, dia harus sudah tara pangan.
Setelah itu, kami punya aturan food grade sebagaimana diatur dalam
Peraturan BPOM nomor 20 tahun 2019 tentang Kemasan Pangan,‖ tutur
Rita.
Menurut Rita, semua kemasan plastik yang digunakan untuk AMDK, baik
dari PET, PP, PC, itu sesuai dengan aturannya. ―Itu sudah ada, kemasan
plastiknya pun sudah diatur,‖ ucapnya.
40. Page 40 of 146 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Oktober 2021
https://investor.id/lifestyle/266255/bpom-pastikan-kandungannbspbpa-
dalam-amdk-galon-masih-aman-untuknbspbayi-dan-ibu-hamil
Konsumen dinilai belum nyaman tinggalkan
penggunaan plastik
Jumat, 8 Oktober 2021 06:05 WIB
Oleh Lia Wanadriani Santosa
Jakarta (ANTARA) - Upaya mengurangi penggunaan plastik sekali pakai
(PSP) dalam kehidupan sehari-hari termasuk dari kegiatan belanja saat ini
menghadapi tantangan dari konsumen yang dinilai belum merasa nyaman
meninggalkan produk polimerisasi sintetik itu.
Research Associate Lembaga
Penyelidikan Ekonomi Masyarakat
Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas
Indonesia (FEB UI), Bisuk Abraham
Sisungkunon mengatakan, dalam
beberapa diskusi, ditemukan kenyataan
upaya pelaku usaha berhemat konten
plastik dalam pengiriman produk justru
berbuah komplain dari konsumen.
Menurut Bisuk, konsumen merasa produk
yang diterima kurang aman tanpa ada
lapisan plastik yang membungkus
kemasan.
Pada beberapa kasus ekstrem, mereka yang berbelanja secara daring
bahkan langsung memberi rating satu pada toko yang tidak mengemas
barang menggunakan plastik.
―Cukup banyak konsumen merasa kurang aman kalau produk tidak
dibungkus plastik lagi, walau disediakan kotak-kotak yang berbahan
seperti karton,‖ kata dia dalam talkshow bertajuk Pawai Bebas Plastik
2021 yang digelar secara daring, Kamis.
Di sisi lain, Bisuk melihat sebenarnya adanya kemauan dari para pelaku
usaha mengurangi penggunaan PSP karena ternyata upaya ini dinilai tak
terlalu berdampak signifikan pada biaya produksi mereka.
Hasil survei yang dia lakukan melibatkan 88 pelaku usaha dari tiga sektor
yakni manufaktur, perdagangan besar dan eceran serta makanan dan
minuman di DKI Jakarta pada Mei 2021 menunjukkan sebanyak 43 persen
41. Page 41 of 146 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Oktober 2021
dari mereka merasa pengurangan atau penanganan PSP masih dalam
batas toleransi sehingga ada kesempatan untuk melakukan pengurangan
maupun penanganan PSP.
Sementara itu, dari sisi pelaku usaha sendiri, upaya pengurangan plastik
diklaim bisa membantu penghematan biaya produksi. Head of Values, PR
& Community Engagement The Body Shop Indonesia, Ratu Ommaya
mengatakan, komitmen meninggalkan plastik bisa membantu perusahaan
berhemat hingga 25 persen.
Merek kosmetik asal Inggris itu sudah menaruh perhatian pada
penggunaan plastik. Pada akhir tahun 2018, mereka berkomitmen sama
sekali tak menggunakan kantong plastik sebagai pembungkus produk.
Mereka memilih paper bag daur ulang kertas dengan tinta yang terbuat
dari soya ink. Harapannya, produk ini tidak mencemari lingkungan seperti
halnya plastik.
―Kami belajar, berusaha mencari supaya pengiriman tidak menggunakan
plastik sama sekali bahkan di bagian luar. Biasanya menggunakan sisa-
sisa karton untuk ditaruh di sela-sela produk supaya produk tetap aman
sampai ke customer,‖ tutur Maya.
Tangkapan layar- Transformasi
pengemasan dari The Body Shop
(ANTARA/Lia Wanadriani Santosa)
Beralih dari plastik, perusahaan mulai memanfaatkan tissue paper dan
boks berbahan karton dengan kualitas bagus sehingga menjamin tidak
perlu lagi disegel menggunakan plastik.
Tetapi karena dinilai belum cukup ramah lingkungan, mereka akhirnya
menggunakan hard box yang didalamnya terdapat corrugated carton atau
kertas dengan bentuk bergelombang dan berlapis yang digunakan sebagai
bahan dasar pembuatan kardus, agar produk tetap aman.
Pihak perusahaan lalu menjelaskan alasan pemilihan mengemas produk
tanpa plastik pada pihak jasa kurir dan konsumen. Mereka juga
memberikan jaminan produk tetap aman sampai pada konsumen dan siap
42. Page 42 of 146 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Oktober 2021
bertanggung bila nantinya ada kerusakan akibat pengemasan tanpa
plastik.
―Trennya apresiasi dari customer. Mereka merasa dengan membeli produk
kami bukan hanya digunakan sebagai perawatan tubuh tetapi juga ada
nilai-nilai lain yang mereka dapat (ikut menjaga kelestarian lingkungan),‖
kata Maya.Ilustrasi barang dikemas tanpa plastik (Pixabay)
Perlunya inovasi pengganti penggunaan plastik
Polusi sampah plastik menjadi isu yang dihadapi oleh semua orang,
termasuk di Indonesia. Pandemi COVID-19 yang terjadi sejak awal tahun
2020 salah satunya berdampak pada frekuensi belanja secara daring
makin tinggi. Studi Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI)
menunjukkan, sampah plastik dari belanja online meningkat sebesar 96
persen.
Hal itu terjadi karena adanya peningkatan transaksi sebesar 62 persen
pada sektor marketplace dan 47 persen pada sektor jasa antar makanan.
Head of Public Policy and Government Relations Indonesian E-Commerce
Association, Rofi Uddarojat, berpendapat dalam hal ini diperlukan inovasi
pada cara pengemasan agar pelaku usaha termasuk dari sektor
marketplace beralih dari kemasan plastik sekaligus mendorong
masyarakat sebagai konsumen menurunkan konsumsi plastik.
Menurut Rofi, inovasi produk ini nantinya diharapkan membuat konsumen
merasa barang yang dia beli tetap terjaga keamanannya, tidak kotor dan
rusak serta ramah lingkungan. Sementara di sisi pelaku usaha, bagaimana
agar bahan baku bisa lebih murah sehingga bisa membantu meringankan
biaya produksi mereka.
Tak hanya inovasi, upaya edukasi dan meningkatkan kesadaran
pedagang, konsumen dan pihak ketiga dalam hal ini penyedia layanan
logistik juga menjadi bagian yang tak kalah penting.
―Yang menjadi poin penting bagaimana setiap ekosistem di dalamnya
aware dengan permasalahan plastik ini misalnya pihak seperti para
pedagang, merchant, bisa memahami. Dari sisi logistik juga karena
bagaimanapun juga penggunan plastik terkait packaging,‖ ujar Rofi.
Jadi, dalam upaya pengurangan plastik dalam kegiatan sehari-hari
termasuk dari kegiatan belanja daring, memerlukan dukungan dari semua
pihak baik itu pelaku usaha, konsumen maupun sektor jasa pengiriman
sebagai pihak ketiga.
Dukungan ini tidak hanya dari sisi inovasi berupa produk pengganti plastik
yang terjamin keamanannya tetapi juga edukasi pentingnya berdiet
45. Page 45 of 146 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Oktober 2021
Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan mengatakan selama pandemic sampah
rumah tangga meningkat 36 persen. Masalah baru sampah yang tidak
diantisipasi secara serius pada saat pandemi adalah sampah medis dan
sampah kemasan dari pembelian online (e-commerce). Hal senada juga
ditemukan oleh Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI) yang
menemukan peningkatan volume sampah medis di teluk Jakarta.2
https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5317743/lipi-sampah-medis-di-teluk-
jakarta-meningkat-saat-pandemi-covid-19-bahaya
Mendesak Keseriusan Pemerintah Dalam Pengelolaan Sampah:
Hasil refleksi Walhi Jakarta dalam advokasi krisis sampah di tahun ini
adalah bahwa persoalan utama mengapa sampah terus menjadi persoalan
di Jakarta adalah terletak pada reformasi birokrasi (good governance)
perubahan dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan secara structural,
fungsional, kultural, dan perubahan tingkah laku serta mental dari yang
biasanya dilayani menjadi pelayan masyarakat tidak mengalami
perubahan. Padahal ini dicita-citakan dalam Peraturan Gubernur No.156
tahun 2016 tentang Road Map Reformasi Birokrasi tahun 2015-2019.
Pemprov DKI Jakarta bukannya tidak memiliki kebijakan agar bagaimana
Jakarta dapat keluar dari darurat sampah. Sejumlah kebijakan antara lain
Perda No 3 tahun 2013 tentang Pengelolaan Sampah Jo Perda No 4 tahun
2019, Pergub No 108 tahun 2019 tentang Kebijakan dan Strategi Daerah
(Jakstrada) Provinsi DKI Jakarta Dalam Pegelolaan Sampah Sejenis
Rumah Tangga dan Sejenis Rumah Tangga, Pergub No 142 tahun 2019
Tentang Penggunana Kantong Belanja Ramah Lingkungan Pada Pusat
Perbelanjaan, Toko Swalayan, dan Pasar Rakyat, Pergub 77 tahun 2020
tentang Pengelolaan Sampah Lingkup Warga.
46. Page 46 of 146 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Oktober 2021
Namun faktanya pengelolaan sampah dengan menekan di tingkatan
sumber tidak dilakukan secara serius. Pemprov lebih memilih jalan pintas
dengan membangun proyek bakar-bakaran sampah (thermal) berupa
insinerator dan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Sampah (PLTSa). Pemprov DKI
kembali mengulang masalah-masalah laten yang mereka sendiri ciptakan,
kumpul-angkut-buang dan kumpul-angkut-bakar. Kumpul angkut buang
adalah cara buruk Pemprov mengelola sampah Jakarta, dan proses ini
tidak menghargai usaha warga yang sudah berjalan melakukan pemilahan
di tingakatan rumah tangga. Alasan klise dan terus berulang adalah bahwa
Bantargebang overload, Masih kita ingat dalam catatan kita pada tahun
2019 lalu Pemprov DKI mengeluarkan penyataan bahwa
TPST Bantargebang Overload. Statement ini seolah merespon situasi
Perpres No.18 Tahun 2016 tentang Percepatan Pembangunan
Pembangkit Listrik Berbasis Sampah yang dibatalkan MA kemudian lahir
Perpres No. 97 Tahun 2017 Kebijakan dan Strategi Nasional (Jaktranas)
Pengelolaan Sampah Rumah Tangga dan Sampah Sejenis Sampah
Rumah Tangga, didalam Perpres ini terselip (lampiran II Perpres) Program
PLTSa (pembangkit listrik berbasis sampah). Hingga kemudian muncul
Perpres No. 35 Tahun 2018 tentang Percepatan Pembangunan Instalasi
Pengolah Sampah Menjadi Energi Listrik Berbasis Teknologi Ramah
Lingkungan (PLTSa).
Jalan pintas ini juga dipaksakan masuk ke dalam Perda No 4 tahun 2019
dan Jakstrada. Di sini kita ingin mengatakan bahwa Pemprov DKI Jakarta
keluar dari tugas utamanya, dimana justeru mengambil jalan pintas. Perlu
diingat dalam Peraturan Daerah (Perda) No.03 Tahun 2013 tugas pemprov
adalah memanfaatkan dan memfasilitasi penerapan teknologi pengolahan
sampah yang berkembang pada masyarakat untuk mengurangi dan/atau
menangani sampah. Insinerator bukanlah teknologi yang berkembang
pada masyarakat. Bahkan data dinas Lingkungan Hidup Jakarta pada
tahun 2019 yang menyatakan bahwa TPS 3R masih jauh dari ideal dan
berencana memperbanyaknya tidak disadari oleh instansinya sendiri.
47. Page 47 of 146 Plastik & Sampah: Pantauan Oktober 2021
Walhi Jakarta hingga saat ini terus mendorong penghentian dan
pengelolaan sampah tingkatan sumber dan berdasarkan tanggung jawab
masing-masing sektor. Mendorong pemerintah terus memfasilitasi di
tingkatan rumah tangga, berupa pengetahuan hingga fasilitas pemilahan
dan pengolahan. Menekan pemerintah untuk terus memonitoring
pelaksanaan Penggunaan Kantong Belanja Ramah Lingkungan, serta
menekan pemerintah dan produsen untuk bertanggung jawab atas segala
produk turunannya yang tidak dapat terurai oleh alam.
Monitoring Progress
Output
Adanya penegakan hukum terhadap industri sumber-sumber pencemar
Indikator 2021
Pembatalan Rencana Pembangunan PSN Pembangkit listrik yang
berdampak pada sumber pencemar (PLTSa) Jakarta: ITF Sunter
Capaian
Saat ini proyek pembangunan ITF Sunter (PLTSa) masih belum berlanjut,
proyek ini batal mendapatkan pinjaman dana dari International Finance
Corporation (IFC) karena mundurnya Fortum Power Heat and Oy
Monitoring Progress
Output
Implementasi kebijakan pembatasan/larangan dan lain-lain serta
pengelolaan sampah berbasis 4R
Indikator 2021
Memastikan pergub KBRL berjalan