The document discusses the classification of plants. It begins by outlining the early evolution of land plants and their gradual adaptation to life on land through developing vascular tissue and mechanisms of seed production and flowering. It then discusses Linnaeus' system of binomial nomenclature for classifying organisms and outlines the seven main levels of biological classification. The rest of the document focuses on describing the key characteristics and examples of the main groups of plants - non-flowering plants like mosses and ferns, and flowering plants like gymnosperms, monocotyledons, and dicotyledons. The differences between monocots and dicots are also highlighted.

1. BY GROUP
PLANT CLASSIFICATION
Hamad Khan
Roll no. 31
BBT 1ST SEMESTER
Fareed Ahmad
Roll no. 37
BBT 1ST SEMESTER
Muhammad Nabi
Roll no. 28
BBT 1ST SEMESTER
Salman Khan
Roll no. 23
BBT 1ST SEMESTER
Centre Of Biotechnology And Microbiology

2. Classification Of Plants

3.  Land plants first appeared during the Ordovician period, more than 500
million years ago.
 The evolution of plants occurred by a stepwise development of physical
structures and reproductive mechanisms such as vascular tissue, seed
production, and flowering.
Early Plants

4. • The adaptation of
plants to life on land
occurred gradually
through the stepwise
development of
physical structures and
reproduction
mechanisms
Gradual Evolution Of Plants

5. Evolution Of Plants

6. What is Classification?
 Classification is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on
their similarities.
 Taxonomy is the science of grouping and naming organisms.
 Why classify organisms?
 To understand our own evolution.

7. Carolos(Carl) Linnaeus
 A Swedish botanist/physician named Carl Linnaeus (1707-
1778)adopted a system of classifying and naming.
 Linnaeus attempted to describe the entire known nature world and
give every species a two part name.
 Linnaeus modified a system of naming that was used in various
forms about two hundred years before this time & binomial
nomenclature become extremely common & currently is still in use.
 Linnaeus is known as the father of taxonomy.

8. Levels of classification
• 7 levels known as taxa
• Kingdom
• Phylum
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• species

9. • Kingdoms are divided into a group
called phyla .
• Phyla are subdivided into classes.
• Classes are subdivided into order.
• Order is subdivided into families.
• Families are divided into genera.
• Genera contain closely related
species.
• Species is unique.
Categories within kingdoms

10.  Carolos Linnaeus proposed the two
kingdom classification in 1758.
• The two kingdoms consisted of:
• Plantae
• Animalia
Two Kingdom System

11. Plant Classification
Non-flowering
Plants
Flowering
Spore-
bearing
Naked
seeds
No
roots
with
roots
Mosses Ferns
Gymnosperms
1 seed-
leaf
2 seed-
leaves
Monocots Dicots

12. A plant can be divided into 3 parts

13. Plant Kingdom
Flowering
Plants
Non-flowering
Plants

14. FernsMosses Gymnosperms
Non - flowering Plants
Do NOT produce flowers

15.  Simplest plants.
 No true roots, No vascular
tissues (no transport).
 Simple stems & leaves.
 Have rhizoids for anchorage.
 Spores from capsules (wind-
dispersal).
 Damp terrestrial land.
Characteristics of Mosses

16. Example Of Mosses

17.  Roots, feathery leaves &
underground stems.
 have vascular tissues
(transport & support)
 Spore-producing organ on the
underside of leaves
(reproduction).
 Damp & shady places.
Characteristics Of Ferns

18. Ferns

19. Example Of FERNS

20.  Tall evergreen trees
 Roots, woody stems
 Needle-shaped leaves
 Vascular tissues (transport)
 Cones with reproductive
Structures
 Naked seeds in female cones
 Dry places
Characteristics Of Gymnosperm

21. Classification Of Gymnosperm

22. Example Of Gymnosperms

23. Monocotyledons Dicotyledons
Flowering Plants

24.  One seed-leaf.
 Leaves have parallel veins.
 Herbaceous plants.
 Fibrous Roots.
 Vascular Bundles are scattered.
 Flower Parts are in multiple of 3.
Characteristics Of Monocotyledons

25. Example Of Monocotyledons
Sunflower Maize

26.  Two Cotyledons.
 Tape Root System.
 Flower parts in multiple of 4
or 5.
 Vascular system arrange like a
Ring in the stem.
 Leaves with branched veins.
Characteristics Of Dicotyledons

27. Example of Dicotyledons
Mulberry Apple tree

28. Difference between monocotyledons and dicotyledons
Monocotyledons
In monocotyledons the embryo
bears one cotyledon.
Veination is parallel in
monocotyledons.
The flowers of monocotyledons
have trimerous symmetry.
Dicotyledons
In dicotyledons the embryo bears two
cotyledons.
In case of dicotyledons veination is
reticulate.
But that of dicotyledons have
pentamerous symmetry.

29. Diagram Showing Monocotyledons And Dicotyledons

30. Showing Vascular
Bundles circular
pattern in dicots
while scattered in
monocots

31. Roots of Monocots & Dicots
Trimerous flowers
in case of monocots
while pentamerous
flowers in case of
dicots.